The problem with which this investigation was concerned was that of determining the relationship between personally perceived autonomy and the extent of professional activity of secondary teachers. The two methods of determining this relationship were questionnaire completion and personal interview. It was assumed that the two methods complemented one another in the determination of findings.

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Esta pesquisa investiga a atividade do design de notícias no atual contexto de produção noticiosa dos jornais do Rio Grande do Sul. Tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a atividade, a fim de compreender como se configura a prática diante do cenário de convergência jornalística em sua etapa mais recente. Em específico, o estudo visa identificar o papel da atuação dos agentes envolvidos com o design na cadeia de produção jornalística, destacando suas funções primordiais, contribuições e limites de atuação. Os eixos temáticos mobilizados são o design de notícias e a convergência jornalística, cujos autores como Ramón Salaverría (2010; 2017), Samuel Negredo (2008), Yolanda Zappaterra e Cath Caldwell (2014), Francesco Frachi (2013), Ary Moares Filho (2010), Ana Gruszynski (2015; 2011; 2007), Adriana Barsotti (2014; 2018), entre outros, fornecem alguns dos principais conceitos para o trabalho. Este é um estudo de abordagem qualitativa que teve como procedimentos metodológicos as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas com 17 profissionais das redações de quatro veículos do extremo sul do país: Zero Hora, Correio do Povo, Pioneiro e Diário de Santa Maria. Mediante as entrevistas, levantaram-se dados sobre as dimensões: organizacional, editorial, estrutural, bem como, rotinas produtivas e ferramentas dos postos correspondentes a editor-chefe, editor de arte, diagramador e webdesigner. Tendo por base o cenário detectado de compactação das redações, diminuição das publicações impressas e redução das equipes, trabalha-se com a hipótese de que os setores de design dos jornais ainda não aderiram integralmente à convergência, já que a atuação, em muitos casos, não é multiplataforma. Assim, percebeu-se que, hoje, nas redações gaúchas, os designers de notícias atuam vinculados aos processos do impresso ou da produção on-line, com exceção de alguns pontos de aproximação entre práticas e/ou setores. Paralelamente, verificou-se que o porte das organizações noticiosas, sua estrutura e a escala de convergência determinam o perfil da atuação dos designers de notícias, quais são as suas principais atribuições, seu grau de autonomia e o volume de profissionais dedicados ao design. Peculiaridades que, no conjunto, refletem-se no desempenho dos profissionais e na qualidade do que é produzido. Portanto, defende-se que, à medida que os modelos de convergência das redações avancem, designers de notícias venham a atuar em conjunto, podendo (1) reunir especialidades em uma mesma equipe – o que poderia configurar um primeiro estágio de integração – ou ainda, de fato, (2) atuarem multiplataforma. / This research investigates the activity of news design in the current news production context of Rio Grande do Sul newspapers. Its objective to characterize and analyze the activity, in order to understand how the practice is set in the scenario of journalistic convergence in its last stage. Specifically, the research aims to identify the role of the agents involved in design in the journalistic production chain, highlighting their primary functions, contributions and performance limits. The themes that have been mobilized are news design and journalistic convergence, whose authors such as Ramón Salaverría (2010, 2017), Samuel Negredo (2008), Yolanda Zappaterra and Cath Caldwell (2014), Francesco Frachi (2013), Ary Moares Filho 2010), Ana Gruszynski (2015, 2011, 2007), Adriana Barsotti (2014, 2018), among others, provide some of the main concepts for the work. This is a qualitative study that had as methodological procedures bibliographical and documentary research and interviews with 17 professionals from the newsrooms of four vehicles in the extreme south of the country: Zero Hora, Correio do Povo, Pioneiro and Diário de Santa Maria. Through the interviews, data about the organizational, editorial, structural dimensions, as well as productive routines and tools of the posts corresponding to editor-in-chief, art editor, diagrammaker and webdesigner were collected. Based on the detected scenario of newsroom compaction, reduction of printed publications and reduction of teams, we work with the hypothesis that the newspaper design sectors have not yet fully adhered to the convergence, since the performance, in many cases, is not multiplatform. Thus, it was noticed that, today, in the newsrooms in Rio Grande do Sul, news designers are linked to the processes of print or on-line production, except for some points of approximation between practices and/or sectors. At the same time, it was verified that the size of the news organizations, their structure and the scale of convergence determine the profile of the performance of the news designers, what are their main attributions, their degree of autonomy and the volume of professionals dedicated to the design. Peculiarities that, on the whole, are reflected in the performance of professionals and in the quality of what is produced. Therefore, it is argued that, as newsroom convergence models advance, news designers will work together, being able to (1) bring together specialties in the same team – which could set up an early stage of integration – or , in fact, (2) operate multiplatform.

Nous avons cherché à identifier les modèles de santé et d’éducation à la santé sous-jacents aux conceptions des formateurs ainsi que les obstacles et les points d’appui à la mise en oeuvre de formations en éducation à la santé, tels qu’ils étaient perçus par les formateurs. Nous avons également déterminé les caractéristiques et les invariants des pratiques idéelles de formation en éducation à la santé pour proposer une modélisation qui pourra servir d’outil lors de formations de formateurs.La démarche que nous avons proposée s’est déroulée en deux temps. Nous avons d’abord fait un état des lieux des pratiques en interrogeant, par téléphone, avec un questionnaire, 138 formateurs d’IUFM et en étudiant les plans de formation. Dans un second temps, nous avons mené une analyse qualitative en interviewant 16 formateurs, par téléphone, au cours d’entretiens directifs, que nous avons ensuite intégralement retranscrits et analysés à l’aide de la méthode d’analyse de contenu.Les résultats de l’analyse qualitative montrent que les formateurs interrogés ont une conception globale de la santé et de l’éducation à la santé, centrée sur la personne ce qui influe favorablement sur la mise en oeuvre d’actions d’éducation à la santé en formation. Nous avons également mis en évidence que l’ensemble des formateurs interrogés avaient intégré l’éducation à la santé dans leur identité professionnelle : ils se sentent compétents, même partiellement, et ils considèrent qu’elle fait partie de leur mission. Cependant, la majorité d’entre eux présente des pratiques (idéelles et déclarées) de formation en éducation à la santé qui suivent un modèle applicationniste, centré sur les acquisitions, ou un modèle didactique, centré sur la mise en place de projets mais le modèle holistique, centré sur l’approche globale de la santé des personnes, reste très marginal et ne fait pas partie de l’idée qu’ils se font de leur rôle de formateur. Le manque de formation des formateurs est le principal obstacle c’est pourquoi nous avons élaboré des outils et nous présentons quelques propositions pour la formation de formateurs. / We have attempted to identify the models of health and health education underlying the conceptions of teacher educators, and the obstacles and grounds for implementing training in health education, as were seen by the trainers. We also determined the characteristics and constants of ideal practice of training health education so as to propose a modelling tool that can be used for the training of teacher educators.Our approach was developed in two stages. We first interviewed 138 IUFM teacher educators by telephone using a questionnaire and teacher training curricula to establish an inventory of teacher training practices. In a second step, we conducted a qualitative analysis by interviewing 16 teachers, by telephone, during structured interviews, which we then fully transcribed and analyzed using the method of content analysis.The results of the qualitative analysis show that the interviewed teacher educators have a holistic approach to health and health education, focusing on the individual, and which has a positive impact on the implementation of actions for health education training. We also found that all the teacher educators interviewed had adopted health education as part of their professional activity: they feel at least partially competent in health education, and consider it to be a part of their mission. Moreover, most of the interviewed teacher educators showed practices in health education (both ideals of practices and reported personal practices) deriving from either an applicationist model, focusing on conceptual learning, or from a didactic model, focusing on the implementation of projects. The model holistic, focusing on the global approach to human health, was very marginal and not part of teacher educator’s perceptions of their role in training future teachers. The lack of training for the teacher educators was thus found to be the main obstacle in developing effective health education, leading us to developed tools and make proposals for the training of teacher educators

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier l’ubiquité professionnelle exercée par les enseignants-chercheurs libanais, qui joignent le travail académique à l’activité entrepreneuriale. La revue de littérature s’organise autour des thèmes de l’acadépreneuriat, de la théorie du déplacement et du concept de vision stratégique. Le cadre légal de l’ubiquité professionnelle, de la recherche scientifique, et du métier de l’enseignant-chercheur libanais au privé comme au public a été ensuite étudié.Une étude préliminaire ayant pour but la formation d’un échantillon regroupant le plus grand nombre possible d’enquêtés a été mise en oeuvre. Ensuite, à la lumière des données collectées auprès d’une centaine d’enseignants libanais, cinq enquêtés ont été identifiés, sachant que six ont été contactés en amont. Onze individus forment alors le second échantillon sujet de l’étude qualitative. Les résultats de cette dernière montrent que la satisfaction de l’enseignant envers sa carrière dépend de son profil, de la profession de sa conjointe, des compensations indirectes offertes par son établissement universitaire et que la majorité des enseignants-chercheurs ne sont pas satisfaits par le niveau de rémunération dans leur université. D’autre part, les titulaires d’un doctorat mènent en général une trajectoire professionnelle réfléchie, et leur projet entrepreneurial a été créé en aval de leur statut d’enseignant, contrairement à ceux qui ne sont pas titulaires d’un doctorat. L’ubiquité professionnelle est durable lorsqu’elle est réfléchie et si elle ne nécessite pas de travaux manuels. Enfin, les enseignants qui ne mènent pas de travaux de recherche dans le cadre de leur établissement universitaire sont en quête d’une réputation sociale. / The aim of this work is to study the professional ubiquity of Lebanese lecturers who are also working as entrepreneurs. The literature review is organized around the themes of acadepreneurship, the theory of displacement and the concept of strategic vision.Then, the legal framework related to the studied phenomenon, the scientific research and the Lecturer profession in Lebanon was studied.A preliminary study was carried out in order to identify a sample of the largest possible number of respondents.Then, in the light of the data collected from about a hundred Lebanese lecturers, five respondents were identified, giving that six were contacted upstream. Eleven individuals are subject to the qualitative study.The results of the qualitative study show that the lecturer's career satisfaction depends on his profile, spouse's profession and some indirect compensations offered by his academic institution. They also indicate that the majority of the lecturers are not satisfied by the amount of pay offered by their university.On the other hand, Ph.D. holders generally pursue a strategic career path and their entrepreneurial activity has been created before the start of their academic career, unlike those who do not have a Ph.D.Professional ubiquity is sustainable when thoughtful and when it doesn’t require any manual work. Finally, lecturers who do not carry out any research project as part of their academic career are usually looking for social reputation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Alexandre Cardoso Alvares.pdf: 3762304 bytes, checksum: 4645bc340e8cd69a3eda3db68d70360f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 / Hospital Sirio-Libanes / This dissertation examines the working relationships of the population living in precarious housing in Bela Vista. In the district with the largest concentration of tenement houses of Sao Paulo, lies a population segregated from job opportunities that flourish in the region. To grasp the implications of that reality orientation in employment, were used two databases with non-probability samples, one quantitative and another qualitative. Was recourse to triangulation between these two bases to try to find patterns of behavior to present the people who live in tenement-house and how they put together their social relationships and labor activities. The results point to a peculiar situation of segregation, reinforced by social ties to the neighborhood and a significant influence on professional activities and a strong association with low-skilled occupations, an element that determines a remuneration far below the locality potential. Another major factor in the analysis is through employment, the formalization of labor relations strengthens the connection between people and the space, giving more personal and professional satisfaction, other factors that appear closely linked to personal identification with the location. The survey was not sufficient to show that tenement housing determines the professional activity who undergo this situation, but provides information that other factors have very strong influence, those conclusions were the biggest results of all the effort put into work. It is also a material that can enrich the understanding of this reality for all who work to improve the quality of life of those living in tenement housing, whether by the efforts of civil society organizations or by the state itself / Esta dissertação examina as relações de trabalho da população que vive em habitações precárias na Bela Vista. No bairro com a maior concentração de cortiços de São Paulo, reside uma população segregada das oportunidades trabalho que prosperam na região. Para captar as repercussões dessa realidade na orientação profissional das pessoas, foram utilizadas duas bases de dados com amostras não probabilísticas, uma de natureza quantitativa e outra qualitativas. Recorreu-se à triangulação entre essas duas bases para tentar encontrar padrões de comportamento que apresentasse de que maneira os indivíduos que vivem em cortiços constituem suas relações sociais e de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para uma situação de segregação peculiar, reforçada pelos laços sociais com a localidade e uma influência significativa nas atividades profissionais, com forte associação a ocupações de baixa qualificação, elemento que determina uma remuneração muito aquém do potencial local. Outro fator de peso nas análises se dá pelo vínculo empregatício, a formalização das relações de trabalho reforça o laço das pessoas com o espaço, dando mais satisfação pessoal e profissional, outros fatores que aparecem muito ligados à identificação pessoal com o meio. A pesquisa não foi suficiente para demonstrar que a moradia precária determina a atividade profissional dos que se submetem a essa situação, mas trouxe informações que apresentam outros fatores muito fortes, o que constituiu no maior resultado de todo o esforço empreendido no trabalho. É também um material que pode enriquecer a compreensão dessa realidade para todos que trabalham pela melhoria da qualidade de vida daqueles que residem em habitações precárias, sejam organizações da sociedade civil, ou o próprio Estado

O autor aborda a conformidade das execuções fiscais de anuidades aos princípios do Devido Processo Legal e da Capacidade Contributiva, especialmente após o advento da Lei nº 12.514/2011, que alterou a definição do fato gerador da Contribuição devida aos Conselhos de Fiscalização Profissional. Valendo-se de pesquisa jurisprudencial sobre a forma como vêm sendo utilizados os meios para salvaguardar os créditos tributários, a presente dissertação questiona os parâmetros adotados para o deferimento de penhoras eletrônicas no âmbito destas execuções, considerando as peculiaridades da constituição do crédito tributário e da extração do título executivo pelas diversas projeções regionais dos Conselhos de Fiscalização. Com base no postulado da razoabilidade, apresenta critérios alternativos aptos a mitigar o caráter confiscatório da ordem de bloqueio e proteger o mínimo existencial dos executados, minimizando o risco de indisponibilidade de valores diretamente comprometidos com despesas de alimentação, saúde e moradia. / The author discusses the compliance of the procedure prior to tax foreclosure to the Due Process of Law and Contributory Capacity, especially after the advent of Law 12.514/2011, which changed the definition of the taxable event of the contribution due to the Supervisory Boards of Professional Activity. Drawing on jurisprudential research on how has been used the tools to safeguard the tax credits, the author also analyzes the parameters that have been used for the acceptance of electronic attachment under these executions, considering the peculiarities of the constitution of the tax credit and the extraction of the enforcement by the various projections of regional councils. Based on the postulate of reasonableness, the author presents alternative proposals able to mitigate the confiscatory nature of the freezing order and protect the vital minimum of the debtors, minimizing the risk of embrancing amounts directly committed to food expenses, health and housing.

O autor aborda a conformidade das execuções fiscais de anuidades aos princípios do Devido Processo Legal e da Capacidade Contributiva, especialmente após o advento da Lei nº 12.514/2011, que alterou a definição do fato gerador da Contribuição devida aos Conselhos de Fiscalização Profissional. Valendo-se de pesquisa jurisprudencial sobre a forma como vêm sendo utilizados os meios para salvaguardar os créditos tributários, a presente dissertação questiona os parâmetros adotados para o deferimento de penhoras eletrônicas no âmbito destas execuções, considerando as peculiaridades da constituição do crédito tributário e da extração do título executivo pelas diversas projeções regionais dos Conselhos de Fiscalização. Com base no postulado da razoabilidade, apresenta critérios alternativos aptos a mitigar o caráter confiscatório da ordem de bloqueio e proteger o mínimo existencial dos executados, minimizando o risco de indisponibilidade de valores diretamente comprometidos com despesas de alimentação, saúde e moradia. / The author discusses the compliance of the procedure prior to tax foreclosure to the Due Process of Law and Contributory Capacity, especially after the advent of Law 12.514/2011, which changed the definition of the taxable event of the contribution due to the Supervisory Boards of Professional Activity. Drawing on jurisprudential research on how has been used the tools to safeguard the tax credits, the author also analyzes the parameters that have been used for the acceptance of electronic attachment under these executions, considering the peculiarities of the constitution of the tax credit and the extraction of the enforcement by the various projections of regional councils. Based on the postulate of reasonableness, the author presents alternative proposals able to mitigate the confiscatory nature of the freezing order and protect the vital minimum of the debtors, minimizing the risk of embrancing amounts directly committed to food expenses, health and housing.

Cette recherche a pour objet le rapport entre événements marquants et dynamique de (ré)construction de sens à l’échelle de biographies individuelles. Nous nous intéressons aux constructions de sens que les dirigeants des entreprises de l’économie sociale opèrent autour de leur activité et d’eux-mêmes en activité, lorsqu’ils vivent/évoquent des événements qu’ils considèrent comme marquants dans leur vie professionnelle. L’intérêt de cette approche est de contribuer à la réflexion sur les liens entre formation, activité professionnelle et (ré)construction des sujets dans une perspective diachronique. Le travail sur le sens (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011) fait partie de l’activité attendue des dirigeants. Il leur est demandé de devenir des « donneurs de sens ». Cette attente sociale est d’autant plus forte auprès des dirigeants de l’économie sociale que leur culture prône des pratiques économiques respectueuses des valeurs telles que la solidarité, ou la coopération, dans une démarche qui se veut démocratique et in fine émancipatrice pour les êtres humains. Les enjeux de sens sont donc doubles pour ces dirigeants: d’une part ils constituent une matière de leur travail de dirigeants, d’autre part ils leur sont essentiels en tant que membres de la culture de l’économie sociale.Évoquer des événements marquants invite les dirigeants à réfléchir à leur parcours à partir de situations concrètes. Deux hypothèses sont formulées : les événements marquants constitueraient des ruptures dans les processus de construction de sens et ces événements mettraient en jeu des sens collectif liés à l’économie sociale. Le cadre théorique répond à une approche multiréférentielle (Ardoino; Souto). Il fait appel aux apports de la psychologie culturelle (Bruner), de la psychologie narrative (Crossley) et de la formation des adultes (Souto; Barbier) pour approcher les constructions de sens. La sociologie, la psychosociologie, et l’herméneutique (Gadamer) sont sollicitées pour interroger la notion d’événement. Des entretiens non directifs auprès de treize dirigeants ont donné lieu à la production de 39 récits d’expérience personnelle. L’analyse narratologique se centre sur les composantes de chaque récit afin de comprendre la dynamique des (ré)constructions de sens vécus/ évoqués/déclenchés. Les résultats obtenus sont de deux types. D’un point de vue théorique, l’analyse des événements marquants permet de penser la (ré)construction de sens comme une articulation dynamique d’émotions, d’horizons d’attente, de principes d’action, de temporalités différentes, associées à des situations vécues par le dirigeant. Par ailleurs, la structure des récits et leurs thèmes, dévoilent à la fois le caractère collectif des (ré)constructions de sens et les éléments occultés par la culture de l’économie sociale. D’un point de vue de la praxéologie, les caractéristiques des récits portant sur les événements marquants sont susceptibles d’intéresser les formateurs utilisant cette méthode. / The present research work focuses on the relation between significant professional life events and the meaning (re)construction dynamics regarding individual biographies. The attempt here is to understand how CEOs within social economy enterprises, operate meaning (re)constructions in relation to their professional activity and to themselves, when they live/evoke the events they consider significant in their professional lives. The interest of this approach is to discuss the links between lifelong learning, professional activity and (re)construction of individuals with a diachronic perspective. Society expect CEOs to construct meaning (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011). This expectation is all the stronger with the leaders of the social economy, that their culture advocates economic practices respectful of values such as solidarity or cooperation, in a process that is democratic and ultimately emancipatory for individuals. The stakes of meaning are thus double for these leaders: on the one side, it constitutes a matter of their work as leaders; on the other side, it is essential to them as members of social economy culture. To evoke the significant events, invites leaders to elaborate on their professional lives as from real situations. Two hypothesis are discussed here: significant events would constitute ruptures in the dynamics of meaning construction and these events would relay culture meanings. The theoretical frame corresponds to a multi-referential approach (Ardoino; Souto): cultural psychology (Brunner) narrative psychology (Crossely), lifelong learning theories (Souto, Barbier), psycho-sociology and hermeneutics (Gadamer) perspectives are used to explore the notion of event.Non-directive interviews with 13 leaders produced 39 accounts of personal experiences. The narrative analysis center on the components of each account to understand the dynamics of (re)constructions of lived/ evoked/ triggered meaning. The results are of two types: from a theoretical point of view the analysis of significant professional life events conceives them as the dynamic articulation of goal expectations, action principles, temporalities associated to the situations lived by the leaders. Besides, the structure of the narratives and their themes, reveal the collective character of the (re)construction and the elements masked by the social economy culture. From a praxeological point of view, the characteristics of the professional life events accounts may interest trainers who apply this method.

O autor aborda a conformidade das execuções fiscais de anuidades aos princípios do Devido Processo Legal e da Capacidade Contributiva, especialmente após o advento da Lei nº 12.514/2011, que alterou a definição do fato gerador da Contribuição devida aos Conselhos de Fiscalização Profissional. Valendo-se de pesquisa jurisprudencial sobre a forma como vêm sendo utilizados os meios para salvaguardar os créditos tributários, a presente dissertação questiona os parâmetros adotados para o deferimento de penhoras eletrônicas no âmbito destas execuções, considerando as peculiaridades da constituição do crédito tributário e da extração do título executivo pelas diversas projeções regionais dos Conselhos de Fiscalização. Com base no postulado da razoabilidade, apresenta critérios alternativos aptos a mitigar o caráter confiscatório da ordem de bloqueio e proteger o mínimo existencial dos executados, minimizando o risco de indisponibilidade de valores diretamente comprometidos com despesas de alimentação, saúde e moradia. / The author discusses the compliance of the procedure prior to tax foreclosure to the Due Process of Law and Contributory Capacity, especially after the advent of Law 12.514/2011, which changed the definition of the taxable event of the contribution due to the Supervisory Boards of Professional Activity. Drawing on jurisprudential research on how has been used the tools to safeguard the tax credits, the author also analyzes the parameters that have been used for the acceptance of electronic attachment under these executions, considering the peculiarities of the constitution of the tax credit and the extraction of the enforcement by the various projections of regional councils. Based on the postulate of reasonableness, the author presents alternative proposals able to mitigate the confiscatory nature of the freezing order and protect the vital minimum of the debtors, minimizing the risk of embrancing amounts directly committed to food expenses, health and housing.