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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Investigating indigenous stone play as a projection medium in child psychological assessment

Odendaal, Nerine Daphne 28 July 2010 (has links)
The purpose of my study was to investigate an indigenous form of stone play as a projection medium in child psychological assessment. My theoretical framework was grounded in indigenous psychology. My literature study consulted theory relating to indigenous psychology, indigenous knowledge, play, assessment, asset-based approach and positive psychology. I followed a qualitative research approach, guided by an interpretivist epistemology. I employed an intrinsic case study design and purposefully selected the participant. My data collection methods consisted of interviews with the participant’s mother and observations of the participant during the Masekitlana sessions. I relied on audio-visual methods and a self-reflective journal as methods of data documentation. Six main themes emerged as the result of thematic analysis and interpretation that I have completed. Firstly, I found that during the Masekitlana sessions, the participant mentioned a desire or a huge need for food. Secondly, the participant also experienced conflict in the neighbourhood as a result of living conditions and poverty. This included experiences of peer conflict as well as indirect conflict among adults in the community. Thirdly, environmental factors in the informal settlement came to the foreground, like infrastructure, water supply and housing. In the fourth instance the participant expressed her daily routine of bathing, going to school, doing school work and going home. Fifthly, the participant projected her belief system by mentioning indigenous concepts, such as ‘Naka’ which refers to a sangoma (traditional healer). Lastly positive qualities within the participant are identified as a theme. Masekitlana poses to be a valid projection medium to conduct a psychological assessment with the participant because it provides an authentic psychological image. The standardization of Masekitlana as an assessment medium is suggested. Further research to develop psychological assessment media for children from African origin and culture is needed in South Africa. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted
132

O tratamento de dependentes de substâncias psicoativas numa comunidade terapêutica: estudo através da avaliação psicológica / Substance abusers treatment in a therapeutic community: study through psychological assessment.

Alessandro Antonio Scaduto 25 June 2010 (has links)
Frente ao custo social dos quadros de abuso e dependência de substâncias psicoativas, diversos modelos explicativos têm sido propostos, sejam eles baseados em preceitos morais, religiosos, experiências de grupos de autoajuda ou na pesquisa científica. As Comunidades Terapêuticas (CTs) são uma modalidade de atendimento a usuários abusivos e dependentes de substâncias psicoativas que se baseiam em vários desses modelos, que se mostram bastante diversas em sua organização e nos serviços oferecidos, mas relativamente coesas em termos dos seus princípios. Diversos estudos têm tentado explicar os aspectos relacionados a esse modelo de tratamento, sugerindo sua eficácia. Apesar disso, existem poucas pesquisas compreensivas acerca das mudanças psicológicas que ocorrem nas pessoas que passam por esse tipo de instituição. No Brasil, a escassez de trabalhos acadêmicos sobre as CTs aponta para a necessidade de estudos sobre seus componentes terapêuticos, a fim de conhecer melhor os alcances e limites desse tipo de tratamento. A presente investigação visou estudar as mudanças psicológicas de pessoas que passaram por tratamento numa CT da região de Ribeirão Preto (SP), por meio de entrevistas de avaliação no início e no final de sua internação. Os participantes do estudo foram sete homens entre 21 e 35 anos de idade, nível socioeconômico médio baixo e dependentes de crack (predominantemente), cocaína e álcool. Para a realização das avaliações, foram utilizados um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, o Inventário Multifásico Minnesota de Personalidade, Improved Readability Form (MMPI-IRF) e cartões selecionados do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT). Os dados obtidos foram categorizados e analisados a partir de dimensões e domínios do processo de mudança na CT, conforme embasamento teórico de autores da área. O conjunto de dados foi interpretado a partir de teorias psicodinâmicas de personalidade. Os resultados mostram que o tratamento promoveu melhoras no funcionamento psicológico em graus diferentes para dois subgrupos de participantes, em todas as dimensões do processo de mudança. Os resultados são discutidos em termos das diferenças entre os subgrupos em aspectos como a estrutura e o nível de funcionamento da personalidade e qualidade da introjeção das experiências durante o tratamento. Ainda, são feitas considerações acerca do método de pesquisa adotado e dos alcances e limites do tratamento em CTs e sugestões para estudos futuros no Brasil. / Considering the high social cost of substance abuse and dependence, several models have been proposed, based on moral and/or religious principles, self-help groups experiences or scientific research. The Therapeutic Community (TC) is a treatment modality for substance abusers based in many of the models above, which shows a variety in terms of its organization and services offered, as well as a relatively cohesion of principles along these institutions. Several studies have been trying to explain the aspects related to such treatment modality, suggesting its efficacy. In spite of this, there are few comprehensive studies regarding the psychological changes people treated in the CT go through. In Brazil, the lack of academic studies on the TC suggests the need of comprehending its therapeutic components, in order to point out both flaws and successful points of such treatment modality. The present study aimed to study the psychological changes of people treated in a TC in the region of Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo Brazil), who were interviewed both in the beginning and the end of their stay in the institution. The participants were seven men, aged between 21 and 36 years old, average-low socioeconomic level who were predominantly crack abusers, with cocaine and alcohol dependents also included. In order to perform the assessment, the instruments used were a semi-structured interview guide, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Improved Readability Form (MMPI-IRF) and selected cards of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). All data was categorized and analyses using the dimensions and domains of the change process in the TC, according to the theoretical frame of authors in this field. Still, the data set was analyzed from a psychodynamic theoretical frame. The results show that the treatment promoted improvements in psychological functioning in different degrees for two subgroups of participants, along all dimensions of the change process. These results are discussed in terms of the differences observed in terms of level of psychological functioning and structure of the personality, as well as the introjection quality of treatment-related experiences. Still, considerations are made regarding the research method adopted and both high points and flaws of the treatment on the TC and the status of directions for future research in Brazil.
133

The utility of a narrative approach to establish therapeutic alliance in a cross-cultural setting

Malan, Maria Margaretha 15 August 2012 (has links)
When therapists engage with clients from a culture other than their own, narrative therapy can be applied to overcome the linguistic and cultural challenges that result. Accordingly, this type of therapy allows for collective interactional problem solving. Hence, a qualitative narrative approach to therapy is advocated as being more culturally sensitive in diverse settings, because it should enable therapists to determine their clients' worldviews. This is a critical aspect of cross-cultural assessment and intervention when establishing an effective therapeutic relationship. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe (Babbie&Mouton, 2001) the utility of narrative therapy in order to enable a therapeutic alliance in a cross-cultural psychological assessment and intervention in a remote school. For this purpose, a qualitative research approach was adopted together with a constructivist paradigm. In addition, a content analysis design was employed by analysing existing documents comprising field notes (those of the student therapist, the supervisor and two peer supervisors), a reflection journal and visual data generated during cross-cultural psychological assessment and intervention sessions at the school. After reviewing the relevant literature, a priori categories (deductive analysis) were identified and the data sources were searched for instances of therapeutic alliance. This study found that the therapist's counselling skills and, more specifically, displaying coordinated acts of concern to benefit the client, namely actions such as thorough planning with a rationale for change; clear, logical communication; giving opportunities for re-learning; giving time; cooperation; being involved (responsive and taking part); paying attention (awareness and insight); benevolence; giving advice; being respectful; and instilling/communicating a sense of hope, may prove to have potential value in establishing a therapeutic alliance with these clients. In addition, the study found that the use of a narrative therapy technique, the clients, positive affect and the interaction between the therapist and the clients (therapeutic relationship) contributed marginally to the established alliance. The findings of the study suggest, therefore, that cultural competence did not contribute meaningfully to the development of a therapeutic alliance in this specific case, as cultural competence skills were not observed in the actions of the therapist. The findings further suggest that common factors, such as those of the therapist, client, relationship, and technique, are interactive and dynamic, and are all necessary factors in establishing a therapeutic alliance in cross-cultural assessment and intervention at a remote school. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted
134

Generalizability of statistical prediction from psychological assessment data: an investigation with the MMPI-2-RF

Menton, William 17 July 2019 (has links)
No description available.
135

The predictive validity of learning potential and personality for work performance in a public sector department

Mashau, Eric Muthundinne 15 September 2015 (has links)
The first objective of this research was to investigate the predictive validity of the learning potential as measured by Ability, Processing of Information and Learning Potential Short Version (APIL SV) in predicting work performance. The second objective was to investigate the predictive validity of personality as measured by the Occupational Personality Questionnaire Ipsative (OPQ32i) in predicting work performance. The sample consisted of 104 employees of a public sector department. Learning potential and personality were the predictor/independent variables; work performance as measured by supervisory rating was the only criterion/dependent variable of the study. The results revealed that both the APIL SV and the OPQ 32i dimensions did not correlate significantly with work performance as measured by supervisor rating. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
136

Juvenile Waiver to Adult Criminal Courts: a Prototypical Analysis of Dangerousness, Sophistication-Maturity, and Amenability to Treatment

Salekin, Randall T. (Randall Todd) 08 1900 (has links)
Psychological assessment ofjuveniles being considered for waiver to adult criminal courts often requires systematic evaluation of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and amenability to treatment (ATX). Despite the importance of these constructs to the evaluation of juveniles, little is known about the criteria that constitute these three constructs. This study was designed to assist in clarifying the constructs of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and ATX that typically guide juvenile transfers. Generally, prototypicality ratings were aligned with the current literature on dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and ATX.
137

Andando no fio da navalha: riscos e armadilhas na confecção de laudos psicológicos para a justiça / Walking on the razors edge: avoiding ethical pitfalls while performing psychological evaluations for the court

Shine, Sidney Kiyoshi 03 April 2009 (has links)
A perícia psicológica é um recurso previsto no Código do Processo Civil para instruir litígios processuais em Vara de Família. O laudo psicológico como documento escrito resultante da avaliação psicológica pericial deve preencher requisitos formais para ser aceito enquanto prova pericial pelo Direito. O laudo psicológico deve preencher requisitos técnicos e éticos para ser considerado um trabalho cientificamente aceitável na Psicologia. Estudou-se uma amostra de 31 representações (denúncias éticas) contra psicólogos que produziram laudos no período de 1997 a 2005 julgados pelo Conselho Regional de Psicologia 06. As categorias de análise criadas a partir da literatura especializada permitiram: conhecer o motivo da representação, identificar o profissional representado e discriminar o que o laudo deve conter para ser considerado um operador de verdade. Os resultados revelaram uma amostra heterogênea. Havia apenas quatro laudos psicológicos periciais sendo que os demais documentos eram declarações, pareceres e relatórios de atendimento psicoterapêutico. O maior número de representações partiu de pessoas que não foram atendidas ou avaliadas por estes psicólogos. O grupo profissional que recebeu o maior número de representações foi o dos que realizaram psicodiagnósticos ou terapias de crianças (21 profissionais). Do total, 20 representações foram arquivadas ou terminaram em absolvição. Oito profissionais foram condenados por fazerem afirmações a respeito de pessoas sem fundamentação técnica condizente. Três casos prescreveram. Concluiu-se que existe desconhecimento por grande parte da categoria sobre o trabalho desenvolvido no campo da Psicologia Jurídica, especificamente na Vara da Família. O psicólogo judiciário que atua nesta área produzindo laudos não é o profissional mais representado no CRP-06. Quase dois terços dos trabalhos escritos foram considerados isentos de falhas técnicas ou éticas. Os laudos considerados aceitáveis pelos padrões da profissão também o são para fim de prova judicial. As falhas mais graves não são da ordem da linguagem (problemas semânticos ou sintáticos), como também não são de dificuldade de comunicação da matéria psicológica ao leitor leigo, mas de estratégias de avaliação psicológica equivocadas. Os documentos escritos foram gerados a partir de atendimentos que desconsideraram aspectos importantes das famílias envolvidas em litígios processuais. Atribuiu-se tais falhas à atuação contratransferencial, falta de familiaridade com o trabalho com famílias e desconhecimento das relações de poder no trato com advogados e juízes. Alerta-se para o risco ético de se prescrever encaminhamentos jurídicos (sentenças) como resultado da avaliação psicológica, extrapolando o objeto e o objetivo da Psicologia. Reconhece-se o processo de normalização que é efetivado pela avaliação psicológica para fim de normatização da conduta pelo Poder Judiciário como forma de dirimir o conflito social. A atuação das Comissões de Ética dos Conselhos Regionais e Federal possui importante papel para garantir o exercício da cidadania e a normatização da prática psicológica. DESCRITORES: Laudo Psicológico Prova Pericial Infrações Éticas - Avaliação Psicológica Psicologia Jurídica / Psychological evaluation is a legal asset in the due process of Family Law litigations. It must fulfill certain requirements to be accepted as a means to provide truth for the justice. It must present ethical and technical requirements to be considered a result of sound recognized psychological practice. 31 complaints of professional misconduct relating to the producing of psychological evaluation documents for Family Law courts were reviewed. These complaints were filed with Professional Board for Psychology 06 and processed during 1998 and 2005. Categories of analyses were devised through available scientific literature in the field. The reasons for the complaint, the identification of the respondent (the person that the complaint is filed against) group and the criteria to review the contested document were analysed. The result shows different kinds of written documents but only three complete psychological evaluations performed for the court. The largest group of respondents were clinical child psychologists (21 respondents). 20 complaints were either dismissed or considered that a rule violation was not established. Eight psychologists were found responsible of Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct violation by making statements about people without sufficient scientific basis. Three cases expired. There is a general lack of knowledge about forensic psychological activities in Family Law courts. The forensic psychologist whose activity is to perform child custody evaluations is not the prevalent group of respondents. Almost two thirds of all the contested written reports were considered flawless. Psychological evaluations contested but not sanctioned were found valid and useful in court. Semantic or syntax problems of language or incompetence to convey psychological subject to lay people were not the basis of filed complaints. There seems to be problems with psychological evaluation strategies instead. Important dynamic family issues were ignored leading to faulty conclusions stated on written reports. Acting out of counter transference feelings, lack of experience in work with families involved in justice, and lack of knowledge of the power struggle in dealing with lawyers and judges are thought to be reasons for the misconduct. A warning is made against psychological evaluation that addresses the merit of the case, thus performing an act alien to the object and objective of psychological practice. It is recognized that psychological evaluation leads to the normalization of human conduct then ruled acceptable or not through legal standards. Social conflicts should be ruled by courts and not by psychologists. The works of Professional Board of Psychology both regional and federal are of paramount importance for the active citizenship and responsible provision of psychological services.
138

Pais, adolescentes e autonomia moral: escala de concepções educativas / Parents, adolescents and moral autonomy: educative conceptions scale

Caetano, Luciana Maria 27 January 2010 (has links)
A proposta desse estudo foi desenvolver e validar um instrumento de avaliação psicológica que permitisse a investigação dos conceitos dos pais sobre a sua participação na construção da autonomia moral dos seus filhos adolescentes. O trabalho teve como base teórica a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Moral de Jean Piaget. Conforme a teoria do Desenvolvimento Moral de Jean Piaget a construção da autonomia é um possível caminho de evolução para o pensamento adolescente. O conceito de autonomia é definido no contexto relacional, em outras palavras, a grande proposta desse processo é a construção de um eu adaptado ao coletivo. As questões que nortearam esta pesquisa foram: O que os pais pensam sobre a sua participação na construção do desenvolvimento da autonomia moral dos seus filhos adolescentes? Que tipos de intervenções representam os seus conceitos sobre: obediência, respeito, justiça e autonomia? O processo de construção e validação do instrumento foi conduzido através dos seguintes passos: construção da escala com assertivas para cada construto, Estudo Piloto realizado para proceder a Validação Semântica, Validação Teórica (a escala foi avaliada por juízes especialistas no campo da moralidade e da psicometria); Validação de Construto (Análise Fatorial Confirmatória). A amostra se constituiu de 860 genitores, pais (20,6%) e mães (79,4%) de adolescentes com idades entre doze e vinte anos. Havia participantes de cada uma das cinco regiões do país (42,8% do sudeste, 20,2% do nordeste, 16,5% do centro-oeste, 11% do norte, e 9,3% do sul) e a pesquisa com os pais foi realizada no ambiente escolar (54,8% na escola pública e 45% na privada). O modelo da escala tinha 36 assertivas. Estas assertivas foram delineadas representando os quatro construtos: obediência, respeito, justiça e autonomia. Os participantes atribuíram nota de 1 a 7 (respectivamente as opções com as quais eles discordaram totalmente e aquelas com as quais eles concordaram totalmente). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (LISREL) indicou a propriedade dos quatro fatores: respeito obediência, justiça e autonomia (GFI = 0,933, x²/gl =5,2, RMSEA= 0,0702). A Escala de Concepções Educativas (depois da validação estatística, AFC), finalizou com 25 itens, sendo 4 itens para obediência, 5 itens para respeito, 8 itens para justiça e 8 itens para autonomia. Por conseguinte os resultados da validação de construto forneceram um maior número de itens para autonomia em detrimento da obediência e forneceram um número maior de itens para justiça, que é para Piaget, a mais racional da todas as noções morais, a qual parece ser o resultado direto da cooperação.Os resultados indicaram que as concepções educativas dos pais têm uma tendência para proporcionar a autonomia para os filhos. Mas, os resultados revelaram que houve uma considerável diferença entre as concepções educativas e as intervenções concretas dos pais e seus filhos. Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que a maior dificuldade dos pais para educar para a autonomia moral diz respeito aos tipos de punição, portanto, um problema de justiça retributiva. Os participantes dessa pesquisa demonstraram que eles desejam educar seus filhos para a autonomia, mas suas intervenções não concordam com seus objetivos. / The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for psychological evaluation that allowed the investigation of the parents concepts about their participation on the construction of their adolescent children´s moral autonomy. The research had as its theoretical basis Piagets Moral Development Theory. According to Piagets moral development theory the autonomy construction is the possible evolutionary way for the adolescents thought. The concept of autonomy is defined in the contextual relationship, in other words, the greatest purpose of this process is the moral construction of ones self adapted to social. The questions which supported this research were: What do parents think about their participation on the construction of their adolescent childrens moral autonomy? What kind of interventions represented their conceptions about: obedience, respect, justice and autonomy? The process of construction and validation of the instrument was being carried out via the following steps: construction of the scale with assertions for each construct; pilot study in order to arranged semantic validation; theoretical validation (the scale was evaluated by judges scholars in the field of morality and psychometrics); construct validation (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). The sample consisted of 860 parents, fathers (20,6%) and mothers (79,4%) of teenagers between the ages of twelve and twenty years old. There were participants from each one of the five different regions in Brazil (42,8% south-eastern, 20,2% northeastern, 16,5% middle west, 11% north, and 9,3% south) and the research with the parents was done on school grounds (54,8% public and 45,% private schools). The scale model had 36 assertions. These assertions were delineated representing the four constructs: obedience, respect, justice and autonomy. The participants attributed notes from 1 to 7 (respectively the options with which they disagree totally and those with which they agree totally). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (LISREL) indicated the appropriateness of the four constructs: respect, obedience, justice and autonomy (GFI = 0,933, x²/gl =5,2 , RMSEA= 0,0702). The Educative Conceptions Scale (after statistical validation, CFA) finalized with 25 items, being, 4 items for obedience, 5 items for respect, 8 items for justice, and 8 items for autonomy. Therefore the results of construct validation provided a larger number of items for autonomy, too the detriment of obedience, and provided a larger number of items for justice, that is to Piaget, the most rational of all moral notions, which seems to be the direct result of cooperation. The results indicated that the parents educative conceptions have a tendency to arrange autonomy for teenagers. But, the results revealed that there was a considerable difference between the educative concepts and the real interventions of parents and their teenagers. The results of this study showed that the parents main difficulty to educate moral autonomy disrespects the types of punishment, therefore a problem of retributive justice. The participants of this research demonstrated that they wish to educate their children for autonomy but their interventions did not agree with their aims.
139

Fidedignidade do sistema compreensivo do Rorschach: revisão e estudo da estabilidade temporal em adultos da cidade de São Paulo / Reliability of the Rorschach Comprehensive System: review and study of temporal stability in adults from the city of São Paulo

Silva Neto, Antonio Carlos Pacheco e 30 April 2008 (has links)
Neste estudo, avaliamos a estabilidade temporal de 59 variáveis principais do Sistema Compreensivo do Rorschach (SCR). Nossa amostra foi composta por 32 adultos nãopacientes da cidade de São Paulo, participantes voluntários. Eles poderiam receber os resultados da avaliação após a coleta dos dados. Predominaram mulheres (75%), indivíduos solteiros (50%), das classes A (41%) e B (41%), com idades de 19 a 58 anos e média de 13 anos de instrução. Vinte e cinco participantes (78%) eram funcionários da universidade onde se realizou a pesquisa, dois (6%) eram alunos e cinco (16%) eram conhecidos dos funcionários. Utilizamos um delineamento de teste-reteste com intervalo de 3 a 4 meses ente as testagens. Os protocolos foram coletados e codificados pelo autor da pesquisa. Um segundo avaliador codificou, de modo independente, 10 protocolos do teste e 10 protocolos do reteste, sorteados. A fidedignidade inter-codificadores foi substancial (iota > 0,60) para a maioria das variáveis. A média das correlações de teste-reteste para as 59 variáveis centrais do SCR foi r = 0,61, o que corresponde a um nível moderado de estabilidade temporal. Investigamos também a direcionalidade das proporções e a consistência das categorias interpretativas. Entre 44% e 70% dos participantes permaneceu na mesma categoria interpretativa no teste e no reteste. Os resultados de estabilidade temporal encontrados foram menores do que os das pesquisas originais do SCR, mas semelhantes aos de um estudo francês recente. A estabilidade das constelações foi alta, com pelo menos 88% dos participantes mantendo o mesmo status negativo ou positivo no teste e no reteste. Fatores como a restrição de faixa de valores e assimetria não parecem explicar a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada na nossa amostra, mas a distribuição dos valores das variáveis, incluindo a maior freqüência de participantes com escores iguais a zero e a presença de escores extremos, pode ter contribuído. Na nossa amostra, o nível de engajamento na tarefa aparentemente foi semelhante ao da amostra normativa da cidade de São Paulo, mas menor do que nas pesquisas originais do SCR. O menor engajamento na tarefa pode ter contribuído para a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada. Fatores relacionados à situação de testagem também parecem ter desempenhado importante papel nos resultados. Os usuários brasileiros devem ter cuidado ao interpretar os resultados obtidos com o SCR, principalmente frente a protocolos com baixo nível de engajamento na tarefa (identificados por R baixo e Lambda alto). Mais pesquisas brasileiras com o SCR são necessárias, inclusive para investigar procedimentos que promovam maior engajamento na tarefa, e que assim possam contribuir para uma maior fidedignidade e validade dos resultados obtidos. / We have evaluated the temporal stability of 59 Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) core variables. Our sample was composed of 32 nonpatients adults from the city of São Paulo, who volunteered to participate. They could have access to assessment results after the data collection. Participants were predominantly women (75%), single individuals (50%), from socioeconomic classes A (41%) and B (41%), with ages from 19 to 58 and 13 years of education on average. Twenty-five participants (78%) were employees from the university where the research was accomplished, two (6%) were students at the university and five (16%) were acquaintances of the employees. We used a test-retest design with a 3 to 4 months retest interval. All records were collected and codified by the author. A second rater independently coded 10 records from test and 10 records from retest, randomly selected. Interrater reliability was substantial (iota > .60) for most RCS variables. The mean test-retest correlation for the 59 core variables was r = .61, which indicates a moderate level of temporal stability. We also investigated directionality of proportions and categorical consistency. Between 44% and 70% of the participants were in the same interpretive category on test and retest. These results were lower than the original RCS research, but similar to the findings of a recent French study. Temporal stability for constellations was high, with at least 88% of the participants keeping the same negative or positive status on test and retest. Range restriction and skewness did not seem to explain the lower stability found in our sample, but the distributions of values for some variables, with a high frequency of participants with scores of zero and outliers, may have contributed. Task engagement in our sample apparently was similar to that found for the normative sample of adults from São Paulo, but lower than in the original RCS research. Lower task engagement may have contributed to the lower temporal stability. Factors of the testing situation seem to have played an important role in the results also. Brazilian users should take care in interpreting RCS results, mainly when task engagement is low (indicated by low R and high Lambda). More research with RCS in Brazil is needed, also to investigate procedures for obtaining higher task engagement, which may contribute to higher reliability and validity of test results.
140

A demanda por avaliação psicológica de adolescentes infratores: reflexões a partir de narrativas de atores da justiça juvenil e de psicólogas de equipe técnica do juízo / The demand for psychological assessment of juvenile offenders: reflections based on the narrative of participants of the Juvenile Justice and psychologists from the Courts Technical Team

Mosqueira, Sashenka Meza 29 August 2013 (has links)
Compreender a criança e o adolescente como \"sujeito de direitos\", como propõe o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente ECA (1990), constitui-se entendimento ainda não alcançado na sociedade. A despeito dos anos de vigência do ECA, convive-se com resquícios da doutrina da situação irregular e do modelo tutelar expressos no Código de Menores, anteriores à doutrina da Proteção Integral das Nações Unidas na administração de justiça infanto-juvenil do Brasil. Notadamente, é na esfera judiciária que atende adolescentes infratores que essa transição e mudança de paradigma criança-adolescente como objeto de intervenção do Estado para cidadão sujeito de direitos ocorre com marcadas dificuldades. Nesse cenário, a interlocução entre os profissionais da área psi e do Direito acontece ainda no lastro da associação histórica de ambas as áreas a processos de controle e normatização social. Neste trabalho, empreende-se investigação que busca lançar luz sobre como é compreendida e como acontece a ação do psicólogo em âmbito forense junto a adolescentes que cometeram ato infracional. Apresenta-se, inicialmente, a origem da questão de pesquisa e o recorte que a pesquisadora faz no universo dos Sistemas Socioeducativo e de Justiça Juvenil. Relatos de acompanhamento a adolescentes internos, realizados pela pesquisadora na Fundação CASA, servem de apoio para questionamentos ao modo como eles são alvos da aplicação da lei que, por sua vez, promove uma automática exclusão de sua condição de sujeitos de direitos, aproximando-os da condição de vida nua ao receberem determinações judiciais de medida privativa de liberdade, bem como de tratamento e avaliações psi. É desse modo que alguns desses jovens, após terem cumprido Internação, parecem enfrentar novo julgamento, porém, nesta ocasião com mais um ator envolvido: a Equipe Técnica do Juízo (ETJ). O cotidiano das Varas Especiais da Infância e Juventude revela demandas de profissionais do Direito por avaliação psicológica de adolescentes que restringem a atuação das psicólogas da ETJ à mera produção de laudos como subsídio técnico de decisões de progressão ou manutenção da privação de liberdade. Assim, procurou-se ouvir dos operadores do Direito (juízes, promotores, defensores) no Sistema de Justiça Juvenil como compreendem a ação do psicólogo em meio forense e junto a adolescentes infratores, bem como em quais situações eles demandam uma avaliação psicológica. As psicólogas da ETJ foram convidadas a narrar sobre sua experiência de trabalho e sobre as reflexões e críticas que fazem do mesmo. Também, fez-se consulta a processos devido ao rigor documental do registro das demandas por avaliação psicológica, bem como da expressão da relevância desta nas decisões dos juízes. Percebeu-se dos profissionais que, embora esteja presente uma preocupação em desempenhar suas funções dentro da proposta da Doutrina de Proteção Integral e de Responsabilização, o cotidiano de sua atuação apresenta elementos que revelam um teor neomenorista. Na ETJ parte da equipe apresenta críticas à própria atuação, questionando-se sobre a real viabilidade de uma ação ética e política distinta de um proceder burocrático ao qual, por vezes, sentem-se aprisionadas. A pesquisa foi realizada sob perspectiva Fenomenológica Existencial e manteve interlocução com o pensamento de Heidegger, Foucault, Agamben e Arendt, bem como com autores nacionais e internacionais que refletem sobre a prática psicológica e sua interface com o Direito na administração de Justiça Juvenil / The understanding of the child and the adolescent as Subject of Law, as proposed by the Child and Adolescent Statute ECA (1990), has not yet been reached by society. Considering the years of effectiveness of the ECA, we still live with vestiges of the doctrine of irregular situation and the guardianship model set forth in the Juvenile Code, prior to the Full Protection doctrine of the United Nations in the administration of justice towards children and adolescents in Brazil. Notably, it is in the judiciary scope that deals with these juvenile offenders that this transition and change of paradigm from child-adolescent as object of intervention of the State to citizens Subject of Law occurs with distinguished difficulties. In this scenario, the discussions among the professionals from the Psychology and Law areas take place based on the historical association of both areas with procedures of control and social regulation. This work is aimed at the investigation that tries to clarify how the action of the psychologist with adolescents that committed an offense is understood and occurs within the forensic scope. Initially, we present the origin of the object of the research and the contours analyzed by the researcher in the field of the Social-Educational Systems and Juvenile Justice. Reports on the follow up of interned adolescents, carried out by the researcher at the CASA Foundation (Juvenile Social-Educational Service Center), are used as the basis for questioning the way these adolescents become subject to the application of the law, which, in its turn, promotes the automatic exclusion of their condition of Subject of Law, bringing them close to the bare life condition upon judicial orders of imprisonment, treatment and psychological assessments. This is how some of these youngsters, after having served their sentences, seem to face a new trial, however, on this occasion, with another party involved: The Courts Technical Team (ETJ). The routine of the Juvenile Special Courts reveals demands from the professionals of the Law for psychological assessments that limit the participation of ETJ psychologists to the simple production of reports as technical subsidies for progression decisions or maintenance of freedom deprivation. Accordingly, we tried to hear from the Law operators (judges, public attorneys, defense attorneys) in the Juvenile Justice System on how they understand the participation of the psychologist in the forensic scope and towards juvenile offenders, as well as in which situation they request a psychological assessment. ETJS psychologists were invited to expose their work experience, reflections and criticisms on the subject. In addition, case records have been analyzed due to the documental record of the demands for psychological assessments, as well as the relevance of such assessments in the judges decisions. Despite the concern to perform their duties in accordance with the Full Protection and Accountability Doctrine, it was possible to notice from these professionals that their work routine reveals a trend in favor of a new age for criminal responsibility. At the ETJ, part of the team criticizes its own performance, questioning the actual viability of an ethical and political participation different from the bureaucratic behavior by which, many times, they feel imprisoned. The research was carried out under an Existential Phenomenological perspective and kept the connection with the thoughts of Foucault, Agamben and Arendt, as well as with national and international authors that discourse on the psychological practice and its interface with the Law in the Juvenile Justice administration

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