11 |
Ocorrência de diferentes tipos de canais acessórios cavo inter-radiculares em molares de humanos. Estudo histológicoZuza, Elizangela Partata [UNESP] 03 March 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2006-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
zuza_ep_dr_arafo.pdf: 398544 bytes, checksum: 41ecbab8155e840230110f2980240df9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Apesar de haver muitos estudos que mostrem a prevalência e o diâmetro dos canais acessórios na região de furca, há escassez de trabalhos que observem o trajeto e os diferentes tipos de canais cavo inter-radiculares. Assim, o objetivo de nosso estudo foi verificar a ocorrência dos diferentes tipos morfológicos de canais acessórios na região de furca, na tentativa de mostrar os seus trajetos, através de cortes histológicos em molares de humanos. Foram utilizados 40 terceiros molares inferiores inclusos com separação radicular, os quais foram extraídos e descalcificados para a realização de microtomia no plano axial mésio-distal, obtendo-se cortes semi-seriados com espessura de 5mm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina e observados em microscopia ótica em 40X, 100X, 200X e 400X. Os resultados mostraram que todos os tipos morfológicos foram encontrados, sendo que os canais acessórios verdadeiros, do tipo A estavam presentes em 10% dos espécimes. Os canais mais prevalentes foram os microcanais do tipo E, com prevalência de 100%, seguidos pelos fechados do tipo D com 87,5%, e pelos cegos do tipo B, com 75%. Os canais acessórios em alça, do tipo C, foram observados em apenas 5% dos dentes, sendo os menos prevalentes. / Although there are several studies that show prevalence and diameter of accessory root canals in the furcation area, there is a scarceness of studies which observe the trajectory and different types of cavo inter-radicular canals. The objective of the present study was to verify the occurrence of different morphologic types of accessory root canals in the furcation area, in an attempt to show their trajectories, through histological sections in human molar teeth. Forty unerupted mandibular third molar teeth with radicular separation were used. They were extracted and decalcified so that microtomy could be performed towards mesio-distal axial plane, obtaining semi-serial sections with thickness of 5mm. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and were observed under optical microscopy at 40X, 100X, 200X and 400X magnifications. The results showed that all morphologic types were found; the real accessory canals, type A, were present in 10% of the specimens. The most prevalent canals were type-E microcanals, with prevalence of 100%, followed by sealed type-D canals, with 87.5%, and by blind type-B canals, with 75%. The loop type-C accessory canals were observed in only 5% of the teeth and were the least prevalent.
|
12 |
Hodnocení účetního programu PUP / Assessment of the Accounting Software PUPKousalová, Pavla January 2013 (has links)
This thesis deals with the book-keeping on the computer and accounting software evaluation. The theoretical part includes chapters about history of book-keeping, legal regulation related to book-keeping using ICT, business information systems and the selection criteria for the accounting software. The knowledge from the theoretical part is used in the practical part, which is addressed to the evaluation of specific accounting software PUP.
|
13 |
Ocorrência de diferentes tipos de canais acessórios cavo inter-radiculares em molares de humanos. Estudo histológico /Zuza, Elizangela Partata. January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Benedicto Egbert Côrrea de Toledo / Banca: Marisa Aparecida Cabrini Gabrielli / Banca: Sebastião Heten / Banca: Luciene Cristina de Figueiredo / Banca: Elizabeth Pimentel Rosetti / Resumo: Apesar de haver muitos estudos que mostrem a prevalência e o diâmetro dos canais acessórios na região de furca, há escassez de trabalhos que observem o trajeto e os diferentes tipos de canais cavo inter-radiculares. Assim, o objetivo de nosso estudo foi verificar a ocorrência dos diferentes tipos morfológicos de canais acessórios na região de furca, na tentativa de mostrar os seus trajetos, através de cortes histológicos em molares de humanos. Foram utilizados 40 terceiros molares inferiores inclusos com separação radicular, os quais foram extraídos e descalcificados para a realização de microtomia no plano axial mésio-distal, obtendo-se cortes semi-seriados com espessura de 5mm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina e observados em microscopia ótica em 40X, 100X, 200X e 400X. Os resultados mostraram que todos os tipos morfológicos foram encontrados, sendo que os canais acessórios verdadeiros, do tipo A estavam presentes em 10% dos espécimes. Os canais mais prevalentes foram os microcanais do tipo E, com prevalência de 100%, seguidos pelos fechados do tipo D com 87,5%, e pelos cegos do tipo B, com 75%. Os canais acessórios em alça, do tipo C, foram observados em apenas 5% dos dentes, sendo os menos prevalentes. / Abstract: Although there are several studies that show prevalence and diameter of accessory root canals in the furcation area, there is a scarceness of studies which observe the trajectory and different types of cavo inter-radicular canals. The objective of the present study was to verify the occurrence of different morphologic types of accessory root canals in the furcation area, in an attempt to show their trajectories, through histological sections in human molar teeth. Forty unerupted mandibular third molar teeth with radicular separation were used. They were extracted and decalcified so that microtomy could be performed towards mesio-distal axial plane, obtaining semi-serial sections with thickness of 5mm. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and were observed under optical microscopy at 40X, 100X, 200X and 400X magnifications. The results showed that all morphologic types were found; the real accessory canals, type A, were present in 10% of the specimens. The most prevalent canals were type-E microcanals, with prevalence of 100%, followed by sealed type-D canals, with 87.5%, and by blind type-B canals, with 75%. The loop type-C accessory canals were observed in only 5% of the teeth and were the least prevalent. / Doutor
|
14 |
Efeitos do cloreto de mercúrio e do cloreto de zinco sobre parâmetros renais e hepáticos em ratas lactantes e não-lactantes / Effects of mercury chloride and zinc chloride on renal and hepatic parameters in lactating and non-lactating ratsFavero, Alexandre Marafon 08 April 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to compare the effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)
on renal and hepatic parameters in adult non-lactating and lactating rats and their pups
and to assess the potential preventive role of Zn, given as zinc chloride (ZnCl2), on the
nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects caused by exposure to inorganic mercury. Nonlactating
and lactating rats were pre-exposed to a daily dose of ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day;
s.c.) or saline 0.9% during five consecutive days and to a daily dose of HgCl2 (5
mg/kg/day; s.c.) or saline 0.9% for the five subsequent days. The exposure of lactating
rats to metals began on day 3 of lactation. Suckling pups were exposed to metals
exclusively through maternal milk. Animals were observed daily throughout the study
for signs of toxicity and mortality. Water and food consumption of lactating and nonlactating
rats were monitored daily during the entire period of exposure to metals.
Animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of HgCl2 and tissue samples were
collected (blood, kidney and liver) to analyze the following parameters: daminolevulinic
acid dehydratase (d-ALA-D) activity; biochemical parameters indicative
of renal (plasma urea and creatinine levels) and hepatic (plasma AST, ALT and LDH
activities) toxicity and the metal levels (Hg and Zn) in all tissues studied. In nonlactating
rats, the survival rate; food consumption; body and kidney weights; blood and
renal d-ALA-D activity; plasma urea and creatinine levels; plasma ALT and AST
activities; renal histology; blood Zn levels and blood, kidney and liver Hg levels were
significantly affected by HgCl2 exposure. Previous exposure to ZnCl2 prevented some of
the effects of mercury, such as: decrease in survival rate, increase in plasma urea and
creatinine levels, inhibition in blood (partially) and renal d-ALA-D activity, the increase
in plasma AST (partially) activity and the decrement in blood Zn levels. In contrast,
ZnCl2 was unable to prevent the effects of mercury on the decrease in food consumption
and in body and kidney weights, inhibition of plasma ALT activity, renal histological
alterations and on the increased Hg levels in tissues. In lactating rats, food consumption,
body and kidney weights, blood and hepatic d-ALA-D activity, plasma ALT activity
and Hg levels in blood and kidneys were significantly modified by HgCl2 exposure.
Previous exposure to ZnCl2 was not able to prevent any physiological and biochemical
changes induced by HgCl2 exposure. Moreover, the pre-exposure to ZnCl2 potentiated
the effects of HgCl2 exposure on retention of Hg in renal and hepatic tissues and
induced histological alterations in the liver (which were not observed when lactating
rats were exposed to HgCl2 alone). In pups, body weight gain, absolute kidney and liver
weights and retention of Hg in these tissues were significantly altered by indirect exposure to heavy metal through maternal milk. None of these changes were prevented
by pre-exposure of their mothers to ZnCl2. Taken together, this study showed for the
first time that lactating rats exposed to HgCl2 presented distinct biochemical responses
comparing to non-lactating rats when renal and hepatic parameters were evaluated.
Furthermore, these results showed that mercury is transferred to the pups through
maternal milk and that mercury levels available to pups were not sufficient to induce
any change in biochemical parameters evaluated. The preventive effect of ZnCl2 on
renal toxicity induced by HgCl2 in non-lactating rats suggests effectively that it serves
as a promising alternative for the preventive treatment of inorganic mercury poisoning
cases; however, since pre-exposure to ZnCl2 potentiated the effects of HgCl2 on
mercury levels in kidney and liver and induced histological changes in hepatic tissue of
lactating rats, we suggest that ZnCl2 should be used with caution during lactation and
that more studies are necessary to ensure the safety of its use in this period. / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos da exposição ao cloreto de
mercúrio (HgCl2) sobre parâmetros renais e hepáticos em ratas adultas não-lactantes e
ratas lactantes e seus filhotes, e avaliar o possível efeito preventivo do zinco (Zn),
administrado na forma de cloreto de zinco (ZnCl2), sobre os efeitos nefro e
hepatotóxicos causados pela exposição ao mercúrio inorgânico. As ratas lactantes e nãolactantes
foram pré-expostas a uma dose diária de ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/dia; s.c.) ou solução
salina 0,9% durante cinco dias. Nos cinco dias subsequentes, as ratas foram expostas a
uma dose diária de HgCl2 (5 mg/kg/dia; s.c.) ou salina 0,9%. A exposição das ratas
lactantes aos metais iniciou-se no 3º dia de lactação. Os filhotes foram expostos aos
metais exclusivamente via leite materno. Os animais foram observados diariamente
quanto aos sinais de toxicidade e mortalidade. O consumo de água e de ração das ratas
lactantes e não-lactantes foi monitorado diariamente durante o período de exposição aos
metais. Os animais foram eutanaziados 24 horas após a administração da última dose de
HgCl2. Amostras de sangue, rim e fígado foram retiradas para a análise dos seguintes
parâmetros: atividade da enzima d-aminolevulinato desidratase (d-ALA-D); parâmetros
bioquímicos indicativos de toxicidade renal (níveis plasmáticos de uréia e creatinina) e
hepática (atividade das enzimas AST, ALT e LDH plasmáticas) e os níveis de metais
(Hg e Zn) nos tecidos estudados. Nas ratas não-lactantes, a taxa de sobrevivência, o
consumo de ração, os pesos do corpo e dos rins, a atividade da enzima d-ALA-D
sanguínea e renal, os níveis plasmáticos de uréia e creatinina, a atividade das enzimas
AST e ALT plasmáticas, a histologia do tecido renal, os níveis de zinco no sangue e os
níveis de mercúrio no sangue, rins e fígado foram significativamente alterados pela
exposição ao HgCl2. A exposição prévia ao ZnCl2 preveniu alguns dos efeitos induzidos
pelo mercúrio, tais como: a diminuição na taxa de sobrevivência, o aumento nos níveis
plasmáticos de uréia e creatinina, a inibição da atividade da enzima d-ALA-D sanguínea
(parcialmente) e renal, o aumento na atividade da AST (parcialmente) e a diminuição
dos níveis sanguíneos de zinco. Por outro lado, o ZnCl2 não foi capaz de prevenir os
efeitos do mercúrio sobre a diminuição do consumo de ração e dos pesos corporal e
renal, a inibição da atividade da ALT, as alterações histológicas e os níveis de mercúrio
nos tecidos. Nas lactantes, o consumo de ração, os pesos do corpo e dos rins, a atividade
das enzimas d-ALA-D sanguínea e hepática e ALT plasmática, os níveis de zinco no
sangue e os níveis de mercúrio no sangue e nos rins foram significativamente alterados
pela exposição ao HgCl2. A pré-exposição ao ZnCl2 não preveniu nenhuma das
alterações bioquímicas e fisiológicas induzidas pela exposição ao HgCl2. Além disso,
essa pré-exposição potencializou o acúmulo de mercúrio nos tecidos renal e hepático e induziu o aparecimento de alterações histológicas no fígado, as quais não foram
observadas nas ratas lactantes expostas exclusivamente ao HgCl2. Em relação aos
filhotes, o ganho de peso corporal, os pesos absolutos de rins e fígado e o acúmulo de
mercúrio nesses tecidos foram significativamente alterados pela exposição indireta ao
metal tóxico via leite materno. Nenhuma dessas alterações foram prevenidas pela
exposição prévia das lactantes ao ZnCl2. Este estudo demonstrou, pela primeira vez, que
as ratas lactantes expostas ao HgCl2 apresentam respostas bioquímicas distintas em
relação as ratas adultas não-lactantes quando analisados parâmetros renais e hepáticos
de toxicidade. Além disso, estes resultados demonstram que o mercúrio é transferido
aos filhotes via leite materno e que os níveis de mercúrio disponíveis não são suficientes
para alterar os parâmetros bioquímicos analisados. O papel preventivo do ZnCl2 sobre a
toxicidade renal induzida pelo HgCl2 nas ratas não-lactantes sugere efetivamente que
ele serve como alternativa promissora no tratamento preventivo dos casos de exposição
ao mercúrio inorgânico. Entretanto, uma vez que a pré-exposição ao ZnCl2
potencializou os efeitos do HgCl2 sobre os níveis de mercúrio em rim e fígado e induziu
alterações histológicas no tecido hepático de ratas lactantes, sugere-se que o ZnCl2 deva
ser usado com cautela durante o período da lactação e que mais estudos são necessários
para certificar-se da segurança de seu uso nesse período.
|
15 |
Instrumentation et méthodes d’analyse appliquées à l’évaluation du développement rétinien chez le souriceau par tomographie par cohérence optiqueBrais-Brunet, Simon 12 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire par article décrit le développement d’instrumentation optique et d’algorithmes qui ont servi à l’étude du développement rétinien du modèle murin par tomographie par cohérence optique (OCT de l’anglais, Optical Coherence Tomography). Le document est divisé en deux parties importantes.
Le Chapitre 1 introduit les bases théoriques nécessaires à la compréhension de la problématique, alors que le Chapitre 2 décrit les outils qui ont été développés ou adaptés durant le projet pour mener à bien les expériences. Spécifiquement, les particularités du système optique développé pour permettre la focalisation d’un faisceau sur la rétine, maximiser le signal et minimiser l’impact des aberrations sphériques et de dispersion sur la qualité de l’image sont détaillées. Les algorithmes de traitement de signal OCT permettant la visualisation une tomographie sont aussi détaillés.
La seconde partie est un manuscrit en préparation pour soumission au journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science pour publication. Le but de ce manuscrit est d’établir des chartes de référence détaillant la croissance et la maturation morphologique des tissus rétiniens de la souris wild-type (129S1/SvImJ) entre 7 et 21 jours de vie (Chapitre 3). L’article détaille l’algorithme de traitement d’images et de segmentation dédié à la quantification de l’épaisseur des tissus rétiniens dans le temps. Enfin, un aperçu des travaux de recherche rendus possibles par les outils développés dans ce projet est présenté. Cette section montre entre autres le potentiel de ces outils pour étudier des maladies développementales de la rétine. / This master thesis is including a manuscript submitted for publication and is divided into two sections. In particular, the document describes the development of optical instrumentation and methodological tools to study the retinal development in an animal model through optical coherence tomography (OCT).
The first section is divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 describes the theoretical basis and the problem to solve. Chapter 2 describes the tools developed or adapted to enable the performance of the experiments. In particular, this chapter details the optical system designed to allow the optimal focalization of the light beam onto the retina, which maximizes the signal and minimizes the impact of spherical aberrations and light dispersion on image quality. Also, the processing algorithm used to segment retinal tissues from OCT tomography is discussed.
The second section is divided into two chapters. Chapter 3 is a manuscript that was submitted for publication to Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. This work describes the growth and maturation of specific retinal layers in the wild type mouse (129S1/SvImJ) between 7 and 21 days of life. The manuscript also describes the image processing and segmentation algorithm that allows the quantification of the thickness of the layers over time. Then, Chapter 4 describes specific research projects where these OCT imaging tools can be applied. Specifically, this chapter shows the potential to study retinal developmental diseases as well as perfusion methods.
|
16 |
IMPROVEMENTS TO THE DRIVING CAPABILITIES OF A WELL-DRIVER PUP (PURDUE UTILITY PROJECT) TO INSTALL LOW-COST DRIVEN WATER WELLSGrace L Baldwin Kan-uge (7847804) 24 July 2023 (has links)
<p>In developing countries water access is not always available. In many locations around the world, people lack sufficient access of water for both drinking and domestic purposes and use unsafe water sources. Particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, women and children walk great distances to obtain access to water. People must have equitable and affordable access to safe and sufficient water that is palatable and in sufficient quantity for both drinking and domestic purposes before any other long-term economic development or social improvement can occur. This research seeks to increase access to subsurface water by improving the driving capabilities of the Well-Driver PUP (Purdue Utility Project) vehicle. The Well-Driver PUP is a low-volume manufactured utility vehicle with a hydraulic post driver mated to it in order to mechanize tube well installation. </p>
<p>Worldwide, there are many locations where the water table depth is less than 23 meters, specifically in the 10-20 meters range. These areas include sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, South America, northern India, Asia, and parts of the Asia Pacific Islands. These locations are places where the Well-Driver PUP could potentially be utilized, if sufficient reliability and depth can be demonstrated on a repeatable basis. This would increase the number of locations throughout the world that the vehicle could be used to access ground water for those with limited to no current water access. Ghana is one of the many countries located within sub-Saharan Africa where the Well-Driver PUP could have a positive impact.</p>
<p>The author has had significant professional experience working in Ghana on various international development projects related to agriculture, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). She has been part of international development projects in Ghana, Tanzania, and Haiti, with experience working cross-culturally since 2014. She has worked on projects specifically in Ghana for more than 9 years and has been part of more than 32 different water resource projects within the country. Therefore, consideration is specifically given to the appropriateness of the Well-Driver PUP as first piloted in Ghana. For this work, a cost analysis of using the Well-Driver PUP per depth and comparison to current driven wells in Ghana was carried-out. </p>
<p>A review of the literature was conducted. Four research questions and experiments were established. Experiment 1 carried-out three different pipe stack numerical loading studies that were simulated in Fusion 360® (Autodesk, San Rafael, CA). Load models were examined of a centered hit, a non-centered hit, and a well point only. It was shown that the average dynamic impact force applied by the driving ram was calculated to be 39 kN. FEA analysis was conducted in Fusion 360®, and it included Von Mises, safety factor, and displacement results. The average dynamic impact force that the Well-Driver PUP applies was less than both the yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of ASTM A53 steel, indicating that no deformation or breakage of the well point should be expected. </p>
<p>Experiment 2 included increasing the weight of the driving ram, through the addition of weight plates. A series of wooden fence post installations using these new weight additions was conducted. This experiment allowed for a regression model to be developed predicting the impact of weight added to the driving ram, the drop height of the ram, and the soil moisture content, on the driving depth of the vehicle. The MLR model included the penetration depth (Y), weight added (X<sub>1</sub>), drop height (X<sub>2</sub>), and soil moisture content (X<sub>3</sub>). The model coefficient estimates were determined, and the predictor variables were all found to be significant at p < 0.01.</p>
<p>Experiment 3 focused on improved reliability and finding the maximum depth capabilities of the Well-Driver PUP with new weight additions added to the driving ram. Two attempts were made to determine the driving depth capabilities of the vehicle. Both well installations were conducted in Montgomery County Indiana. Water was struck at both locations. At the first location, final well depth was 2.1 m with a 0.76 m of water within the column. The driver encountered a layer of blue-gray clay that it was unable to pass through. </p>
<p>A second driving attempt was made to install a deeper well. The final well depth was 5.0 m with 1.67 m of water within the column. At this location, it is believed that a layer of limestone, shale, or siltstone was encountered. Comparing the compressive strength of limestone, sandstone, and shale, the Well-Driver PUP was not capable of driving through such materials. Therefore, at both well locations, the maximum driving depth capabilities of the driver were achieved. At both installation locations, the wells were formally developed. Both sets of water quality samples were submitted to the Montgomery County Health Department and received satisfactory ratings. </p>
<p>Experiment 4 resulted in the fabrication and design of a 4” well point. The fabricated well point was installed to create a completed well at a depth of 2.7 m in Linden IN. There was 0.1 m of water within the pipe column. The well was formally developed, and the water quality results received a satisfactory rating. A cost analysis of a 4” well by depth was conducted. The total cost to fabricate one well point totaled $661.42. Of the total cost, 81% of the costs came from the 4” base pipe and the specialty pre-perforated screen used to create the secondary screen. The completion of these experiments provides a better understanding of the driving capabilities of the Well-Driver Pup. Improving the driving depth capabilities of the Well-Driver Pup will help to push this low-cost alternative technology closer to release in the developing world.</p>
<p><br></p>
|
17 |
Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South AfricaStewardson, Carolyn Louise, carolyn.stewardson@anu.edu.au January 2002 (has links)
[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
|
Page generated in 0.015 seconds