L'objectif de ce projet de recherche est la mise au point et l'utilisation de charges inorganiques barrière aux rayonnements infrarouge pour la préparation de matériaux d'enduction à base de plastisols PVC. Dans un premier temps, cette étude a été consacrée à la caractérisation rhéologique, morphologique et optique de la matrice PVC et à l'élaboration de nouvelles formulations, en incorporant dans le plastisol des charges commerciales de natures chimiques différentes (nacre, billes de verre, alumine, oxyde de Zinc, TiO2 …). Ensuite, des mesures radiatives sur des films de plastisols chargés à différents taux massiques ont été réalisées dans le but de sélectionner les charges présentant les meilleures performances optiques. Enfin, les formulations optimales ont été enduites sur un textile polyester et la stabilité des revêtements soumis à des rayonnements UV a été suivie par plusieurs techniques analytiques. Diverses caractérisations mécaniques, esthétiques et morphologiques sont venues compléter cette étude. Dans un second temps, un modèle de transfert radiatif permettant de simuler la propagation du rayonnement dans les systèmes de protection développés a été testé / This project aims to develop new filled PVC plastisol composite offering enhanced optical properties. Different types of inorganic fillers were tested and added to the PVC matrix. Rheological, morphological and optical characterization of the PVC matrix and development of new formulations by incorporation of different fillers (nacre, glass beads, alumina, zinc oxide, TiO2 ...) were the subject of the first phase of the project. Then, radiative measurements on plastisol films loaded at different mass ratios were performed in order to select the fillers having the best optical performance. The second phase was dedicated to the validation and the testing of the optimal formulations coated on polyester textile substrate. Different analytic technics were used in order to rank the UV stabilization as a function of the tested formulations. In addition, mechanical, aesthetic and morphological characterizations were used to complete this study. Finally, radiative transfer model was developed to simulate the radiative behavior of the different formulations

Medicinska plastslangar har en väsentlig roll inom sjukvården, vilket även ställer krav på de maskiner som försluter dessa slangar. Den typ av förslutningsteknik som beskrivs i rapporten är radiofrekvenssvetsning, som sammanfogar en utvald del av den medicinska slangen till en svetsfog. Idag sker det ofta okulär inspektion av svetsfogar vilket leder till att felaktigt utförda svetsfogar kan råka hamna på laboratorium. Att tillverka en utrustning som kan testa svetsfogarna enkelt, kan därför vara gynnsamt för alla användare av slangsvetsare. För att säkerställa kvalitén på svetsfogar har målet för arbetet varit att ta fram en teoretisk principkonstruktion, vars funktion är att kvalitetssäkra svetsfogar utförda på medicinska slangar. För arbetet har det även tagits in relevant information om vad för krav en svetsfog måste klara av enligt ett urval av användare och distributörer, vilket har använts för att ta fram principkonstruktionerna. Dessa mål uppfylldes genom att via litteraturstudie insamla information och läsa om tidigare studier, sammanställa viktiga nyckelkomponenter och sedan presentera idéerna för handledarna som gav återkoppling. Denna återkoppling användes för att färdigställa den slutliga principkonstruktionen. Den teoretiska principkonstruktion som framtagits anses ha en god användarvänlighet, då människa och maskininteraktion är minimal. Vidare anses den även ha en stor nytta för användarna då principkonstruktionen är avsedd för att kunna utföra tester på alla typer av medicinska slangar och deras svetsfogar, utan att förstöra slangen eller kontaminera dess innehåll. / Medical tubes have a significant role in healthcare, which also puts a high demand on the machines that seal the tubes. The type of seal technique which is described in the report is radio-frequency welding, which joins a selected part of the medical tube into a weld. Today, ocular inspection is often used when inspecting sealed ends, which leads to incorrectly performed sealings accidentally ending up in laboratories. Manufacturing equipment that can test welds easily, can therefore be beneficial for all users of tube welds. To ensure the quality of welds, this study has aimed to develop a theoretical prototype, with the function to test the quality of welds made on medical tubes. In this study, various information has been gathered about what requirements a weld must withstand according to a selection of users and distributors, which has been used to develop the theoretic prototype. To fulfill the aim of the study a literature study and previous work were gathered. Then important key components were compiled and the ideas for the theoretical prototype were presented to the supervisors who provided feedback. This feedback was used to complete the final theoretical prototype. The theoretical prototype that has been developed is considered to have good user-friendliness, as human and machine interaction is minimal. Furthermore, it is also considered to be of great benefit to the users as the theoretical prototype is intended to perform tests on all types of medical tubing and their welds without rupturing the tube or contaminating its contents.

No description available.

The performance of joints in buried gravity flow pipelines are important since failure of these elements can affect the structural capacity of soil-pipe systems and reduce their longevity. Currently, there are no clear guidelines to design joints for gravity flow pipelines and therefore their design is based on semi-empirical methods. It is necessary to identify and quantify the demands that act across joints when subjected to service loading conditions to establish adequate design guidelines. Such demands will vary depending on the type of joint, type of pipe, burial and loading conditions. Therefore work is needed to investigate the influence of these conditions on the performance of joints. Full-scale laboratory tests have been performed on rigid (reinforced concrete) and flexible (corrugated steel and thermoplastic) pipelines to investigate the response of their joints when buried and subjected to surface loading. The joints investigated are either ‘moment-release’ joints (those that accommodate rotation and reduce the longitudinal bending moments close to zero), or ‘moment-transfer’ joints (those that limit rotation and transfer longitudinal bending moments from one pipe to the next). These experiments evaluate the influence of different cover depths, loading locations, and installation conditions on the response of the joints. Additionally, the performance of each joint when the pipeline was buried with shallow cover and subjected to surface loads up to and beyond fully factored loads were also investigated. Furthermore, three-dimensional finite element analyses of a gasketed bell and spigot joint in a buried reinforced concrete pipeline subjected to surface loading have been developed employing material properties and joint rotational characteristics experimentally obtained. The data obtained from the experimental and computational studies are used to evaluate joint performance and to identify key demands (shear force and rotation or moment) acting across them. In addition, the different patterns of vertical displacement along rigid and flexible pipes were established. It was found that the stiffness of the pipeline, the geometry of the joint, the loading and burial conditions influence the response (and therefore the demands) of the joints examined. Finally, recommendations are provided regarding development of structural design methods for these pipeline and joint systems. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-12-29 12:47:31.826

A schema is described as a diagram showing the basic outline of something, or as an organizational or conceptual pattern in the mind. It is also, in Kantian philosophy, a method that allows the understanding to apply concepts to the evidence of the senses. My Schema is a model of emergence.

Student Number : 9104308Y - Msc Eng research report - School of Mining Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / African Explosives Limited (AEL) is involved with the Hybrid Stress Blast Model (HSBM) project in the characterisation of its bulk explosives and part of this involves the collection of unconfined detonation velocities (VoD). Historical methods of unconfined VoD measurements and earlier measurements taken for the HSBM project did not attribute significance to the strength of the light containment media used, which was either cardboard or PVC, in various wall thicknesses. The main focus of this exercise was to investigate this significance and to make recomendations to the HSBM on the choice of pipes for future tests. ANFO was used in order to avoid complexities of manufacturing and density variation, which arise with emulsion explosives. Plastic sleeves were used as a control in defining a medium of negligible confinement in order to compare the results in PVC and cardboard pipes. The cardboard pipes selected had wall thicknesses of 2mm and 4mm, while the PVC pipes had pressure ratings of 4 Bar and 9 Bar with wall thicknesses from 1.5mm to 8.5mm. The inner diameters ranged between 45mm and 253mm. The following findings have been made in this report. - Plastic sleeves were not effective in comparing the effects of confinement, but the results suggests that thin walled carboard pipes are probably very close to unconfined, even near the critical diameter. - PVC pipes affect VoD more than cardboard pipes and the confinement provided by both types of pipes increases with their wall thickness. - Critical diameter increases with weaker confinement and vice versa. - VoDs in the different types of confinement converge as diameter increases. - Future unconfined VoD tests should take cognisance of the findings of this project. A similar confinement investigation would be benificial to determine whether similar trends prevail with Emulsion and Emulsion-ANFO blend explosives. However if such an evaluation is not conducted, the minimum requirements for further tests should be to apply the confinement and diameter relationships as determined for ANFO during this investigation.

Orientador: Gustavo Rocha de Castro / Resumo: A remoção dos metais tóxicos ou potencialmente tóxicos em baixas concentrações de amostras de águas naturais é geralmente dificultada, por existirem espécies interferentes. O procedimento de extração em fase sólida é uma das técnicas mais promissoras para remover as espécies metálicas, devido ao baixo custo de adsorventes, por não produzir subprodutos e devido à alta capacidade de regeneração de materiais adsorventes. Desta forma, neste projeto foi desenvolvido um suporte sólido, o PVC modificado com moléculas de Sulfaguanidina, para remover Cu(II) e Co(II) de amostras aquosas. O material foi caracterizado por espectrometria de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), a qual apresentou nas regiões de 3216 - 3335 cm-1 e 1528 - 1622 cm-1 bandas que indicam a presença de aminas, em 1087-1130 cm-1 bandas que indicam presença de sulfonila no espectro do PVC funcionalizado. Na ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C (RMN 13C) evidenciaram-se pequenas diferenças com relação ao PVC puro e modificado. Os picos na região de 130-140 ppm podem ser associados a carbonos no grupo fenila e o sinal observado em 47 ppm pode estar marginalmente na região de CHN, poderia comprovar a hipótese de que a reação ocorreu no grupo NH2 da fenila. Com isso, confirmou-se a ocorrência da reação de modificação. Estudos de adsorção foram realizados para determinação de tempo equilíbrio, influência do pH e capacidade máxima de adsorção do material. A cinética de adsorção do materi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The removal of toxic or potentially toxic metals at low concentrations in natural water samples is generally hampered, because of interfering species. The solid phase extraction procedure is one of the most promising techniques remove the metal species due to the low cost of adsorbents on the market, no production of byproducts and high regeneration capacity of adsorbent materials. Thus, a solid support was developed in this project, PVC modified with Sulfaguanidine molecules, to remove the metallic specie of Cu(II) and Co(II) from aqueous samples. The material was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which showed in the regions of 3216 - 3335 cm-1 and 1528 - 1622 cm -1 the presence of amines and in 1087-1130cm-1 , the presence of sulfonyl groups from the functionalized PVC spectra. In the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 13C (13C NMR), spectra it was showed small differences regarding pure and functionalized PVC. In the region of 130-140 ppm the alterations may be associated with carbons in the phenyl group, and the 47 ppm signal is marginally in the CHN region, which could corroborate the hypothesis that the reaction occurred in the NH2 group of the phenyl. Thus, it was confirmed the occurrence of the modification reaction. Adsorption studies were performed to determine the equilibrium time, the influence of pH and the maximum adsorption capacity of the material. The adsorption kinetics of the material was fast, reaching the adsorption equilibrium i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

I denna studie undersöks möjligheterna att ta fram en alternativ inslagstråd till Bolons vävda PVC-golv för att förbättra dess akustiska egenskaper. Golvet som studien utgick från var vävt i tvåskaft med PVC-garn i varp och väft. Den nya inslagstråden måste klara de processbetingelser som Bolons golvproduktion innebär utan att krympa mer än 5 %, antända eller brytas ned. För att möjliggöra förvaring, installation samt få en högre motståndskraft mot nötning bör inslagstråden fixera med PVC-varpen. Det färdiga golvet, skall klara nötning utan att trådbrott eller färgändring uppstår. Samt uppvisa en förbättrad ljudabsorption. Krympning hos garn samt garns fixering med PVC har testats genom, för studien framtagna, test. Fixeringen i det färdiga golvet testades med en dragprovsmaskin. Absorption av ljud testades genom mätning av strömningsmotstånd enligt standarden ISO 9053. Nötningstest utfördes med en stolshjulsmaskin enligt SS EN 985. Utifrån studien dras slutsatsen att ett alternativt inslagsgarn ger ökad ljudabsorption hos Bolons vävda golv. Frågetecken kvarstår dock hur väven skall stabiliseras för att erhålla användarvänlighet då de studerade materialen ej fixerar. I och med den uteblivna fixeringen samt garnens konstruktion nöts de framtagna vävarna i golvkonstruktion betydligt mer än Bolons originalgolv. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen

Orientador: Carlos Henrique Scuracchio. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2009.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da incorporação de fibra de vidro curta em composto rígido de poli(cloreto de vinila) - PVC - por meio de equipamentos e técnicas de processamento convencionais da indústria brasileira. Foram avaliadas as influências de: a) tamanho de fibra de vidro (tipo E), b) dosagem de fibra de vidro, c) dosagem de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) e d) a temperatura de processamento nas propriedades físicas, térmicas, mecânicas e na adesão entre matriz polimérica e fibra de vidro (analisada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura). O custo-benefício dos compósitos foi calculado por meio de Índices de Mérito para os modos de carregamento mecânico encontrados nos tubos pressurizados para água fria (Cilindro com Pressão Interna) e perfis rígidos utilizados em construção civil (Barra em Flexão), dado o grande uso de PVC nestas aplicações. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se o aumento de 45% no módulo de elasticidade para os compósitos com 20% de fibra de vidro moída que, para algumas aplicações, pode apresentar uma relação custo-benefício bastante favorável. / This work presents the impact of the short glass fiber incorporation in rigid PVC compound through conventional processing techniques currently employed in the Brazilian industry. It were studied the influences of a) glass fiber geometry (E type), b) glass fiber content, c) titanium dioxide content and d) processing temperature in the physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The adhesion conditions between polymeric matrix and glass fiber was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cost-benefit relation of composites was evaluated using materials index technique for mechanical conditions found in pressurized water pipes (cylinder with internal pressure) and in building construction profiles (beam loaded in bending). The results attained suggested that, in some cases, the mechanical properties enhancement (such as the increase of 45% in the modulus of elasticity for composites containing 20% of glass fiber) and the processing techniques required to produce it can present an interesting cost-benefit relation.