Magister Artium - MA / This thesis is concerned with an uprising which occurred during the early morning hours of the 22nd of November 1962 in Paarl- a small agricultural town some 60 kilometres northeast of Cape Town. On this occasion a group of about 250 men, armed with axes, pangas and other home-made weapons, marched from the nearby Mbekweni township to the police station in the town's centre. An event, which lasted no more than three hours, left seven dead and several wounded in its wake. This uprising was a comparatively small event, with comparatively few casualties but it took place against the backdrop of the turn to armed struggle which followed the banning of the African National Congress (hereafter the ANC) and the Pan African Congress (hereafter the PAC). However in the sense that it seemed to directly threaten white civilians, this was an event constructed as most closely resembling the anti-colonialist Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya between 1952 and 1960 during which time press reports focused most often of the brutal killings of white women and children by groups represented as violent "terrorist gangs." Informed by this kind of over-simplified propaganda of the war in Kenya, the events in Paarl, particularly the killing of 17 year old Rentia Vermeulen and 21 year old Frans Richard, as well as the attack on an elderly couple in their bed, by men with "primitive weapons," incited massive latent white anxieties throughout South Africa and intensive repressive measures.

Thesis (DPhil. (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 1992. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The erection of buildings in Paarl during the period between the two world wars was influenced by several important socio-economical and cultural circumstances. These events changed the built-up environment of Paarl dramatically. This period can be seen as a change from a traditionial to a modern way of living and this phenomena is clearly imposed on the buildings erected during this period. Some of the important happenings that changed the lives of all Paarlites in those years and influenced their building works, was the influenza epidemic of 1918, the worldwide depression of 1929 which lasted until 1932, the peak and the pining of the wagonbuilding industry, the introduction of the motor car, electricity, motion pictures and technological development in general. This technological progress, especially the introduction of the motor car, brought about the erection of new types of buildings like service stations, show rooms and private garages for these vehicles all over Paarl. Roads were tarred and improved and electrical street lighting was introduced. On 29 November 1924 all the documents and building plans housed in the then existing town hall were destroyed by fire. Further developments that influenced living in Paarl was the establishment of the KWV in 1918, SASKO in 1935, the erection of a new hospital, town hall, post office, schools and the establishment of several other fruit and wine related industries. The granite industry flourished during this period. For the first time Paarl had its own local architects, draughtsmen and builders. Several important architects from Cape Town and elsewhere executed buildings in the town. According to existing records at the Paarl Municipality no less than 34 different architects or partnerships, draughtsmen and builders were responsible for the execution of building plans handed in at the Municipality between 1926 and 1939. Before the period in question Paarl streets were never formally laid out and for the first time large townships were planned from scratch. A wide spectrum of structures ranging from alterations to existing buildings, verandahs, garages, swimming pools, shops, offices, schools, churches and public buildings were erected in Paarl during this period. / Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing

Magister Artium - MA

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the problems associated with open spaces and nature areas in Paarl. The attitudes and needs of Paarlites towards these open spaces were also assessed. A comparison was then made with area specific crime statistics to assess the actual safety of these problem areas. The needs of the community are stated according to the needs assessment. This study was conducted to ensure the sustained conservation of open spaces and nature areas, and to ensure that the needs of the community are met. The public use of these areas should also jusitfy the financial input required for maintenance and up grading of these areas. This study tried by means of an investigation into the needs, patterns of use and attitudes of Paarlites, and a comparison with the true crime statistics of the relevant areas to ascertain whether these areas are truly problematic. If public opinion about the safety of these areas cannot be substantiated, people can be lured back into using these areas. The open spaces and nature areas in Paarl is underutilized. This is due to the inadequate nature of the areas in terms of the needs of the respondents, the discontentment of the respondents because of their perceptions about the poor maintenance of the areas, the activities that take place there, and the general perception of the areas as unsafe. There were only two areas that could be perceived as unsafe after research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie lewer 'n ondersoek na die probleme geassosieer met oopruimtes en natuurgebiede in die Paarl. Daar is ook onder Paarliete 'n houdings- en behoeftebepaling aangaande hulle oopruimtes gedoen en 'n vergelyking is met area spesifieke misdaadstatistieke getref om sodoende 'n gevolgtrekking te maak oor die areas se daadwerklike veiligheid. Die gemeenskap se behoeftes is na aanleiding van die behoeftebepaling weergegee. Hierdie studie is gedoen om die volhoubaarheid en bewaring van oopruimtes en natuurgebiede te verseker, en te sorg dat die gemeenskap se behoeftes bevredig word. Die benutting van die areas moet, relatief tot die finansiële insette verbonde aan die instandhouding en voortbestaan van die areas, voldoende wees. Hierdie werkstuk poog om deur middel van 'n ondersoek na die Paarliete se gebruike, houdings en behoeftes 'n vergelyking met die beskikbare statistieke van oopruimtes en natuurgebiede te tref om sodoende te bepaal of die areas werklik probleemareas is. As die openbare mening oor die areas se veiligheid nie gesubstansieer word nie, kan mense teruggelok word om hierdie areas te benut. Die ondersoek het bevind dat die Paarlse oopruimtes en natuurgebiede onderbenut word. Dit kan daaraan toegeskryf word dat die areas nie in die respondente se behoeftes voldoen nie; die respondente ontevrede is as gevolg van hulle persepsies oor die swak instandhouding van die areas; die aktiwiteite wat daarop plaasvind, asook die algemene persepsie dat die areas onveilig is. Die navorsing toon egter dat daar slegs twee areas is wat as onveilig beskou kan word.

This study is based on the presumption that more than one type of Spirituality prevails amongst members of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Circuit of Paarl. From conversations with colleagues, theological articles and books, own experience of services as liturgist and Myers and Briggs personality profiles, it is evident that there is a confusion regarding the identification and management of the various types of Spirituality. In the Paarl Valley, deep rooted in the Afrikaans Culture and Tradition , as in my own congregation the Dutch Reformed Church Suider-Paarl at the foot of the Afrikaaans Language Monument, there is a search for and a need of a responsible rejuvenation regarding church services. The surrounding contexts and influences can never be removed from certain spiritual types of which members have a deep need. My friends, family and congregation members who were devoted members of the Dutch Reformed Church, have either left the church completely or found a home with other denominations with other types of Spirituality. As a young minister I find it disturbing that large numbers of my age group of 20-35 years have left the Dutch Reformed Church. Since 1996 the Paarl Circuit has lost 4000 members, notwithstanding the fact that the Paarl is regarded as a demographic point of growth in the Western Cape. In surrounding renascence congregations outside the reformed creed, the services are filled with members who were raised within the reformed creed. Post-modern man apparently does not pay attention to theological differences between churches, but preferably respond to any congregation with a certain type of approach and Spirituality. If this is the case, it bodes no well for the Dutch Reformed Church. It will inevitably lead to the impoverishment of services and religious communication. It could also lead to the partial disfunctioning of the services and the homily. Be it true that only one type of spirituality is provided for, with occasional variations, one wonders what the reason is for this. Why do Dutch Reformed ministers cling to a specific Spirituality? Is it because they are satisfied with the content of the "Message", but the atmosphere of Spirituality that exists during the service doesn't matter much? Does it perhaps demand too much work and preparation? It is obvious that a problem exists that must be taken into account. The crux of the research can be summarized as follows: <ul> <li>--- There is a supposition that a problem exists regarding the Spirituality types prevalent in the Dutch Reformed Church, especially in the Paarl Circuit and the personal preference of the members for a specific Spirituality. (Chapter 1)</li> <li>--- A basic theory concerning Spirituality types must be formulated. (Chapter 2)</li> <li>--- The Spirituality types in the Paarl Circuit must be empirically researched. (Chapter 3)</li> <li>--- An adjusted practice theory must be proposed which can lead to an adjusted ministry practice. (Chapter 4)</li> </ul> From the above discussion it is clear that the point of departure in this changed context of the essence of ecclesiasticism, but more specifically the divine service, is confronted by a new challenge. Members are in search of a more effective communication of the Gospel in the context in which the church finds itself today, but, more specifically so, as it appears in the context of the Paarl Circuit. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Barnard, PH 2004, 'n Praktiese teologiese ondersoek na spiritualiteitstipes in eredienste in die Ring van die Paarl(Afrikaans), MA(Theol) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06072005-073940 / > / Dissertation (MA (Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Magister Artium - MA / Die knaende vraag na werksgeleenthede in Suid-Afrika, maar ook in Paarl hou verband met die feit dat daar 'n relatief groot surplusbevolking bestaan, wat tydens die periode van kapitaalakkumulasie in Suid(elike) Afrika nie volkome in produksie geabsorbeer kon word nie. Die wortels van hierdie situasie lê gebed in die dinamika van periferale kapitalisme, maar dit reflekteer ook gedeeltelik sekere dimensies van die patroon van rasse-strukturering wat kapitalistiese ontwikkeling in die sub-kontinent gevolg het. Die chroniese probleem van strukturele werkloosheid en armoede kan dus geplaas word teen die implikasies van die bestaande patrone van arbeidsurplus in Suid(elike) Afrika. Volgens die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se Instituut vir Toekomsnavorsing (Koch, 1991) was 4,3 miljoen Suid-Afrikaners in 1985 óf tydelik in diens, óf werkloos. Dit is vanselfsprekend dat die situasie net sou verger, want die steeds groeiende bevolking van Suid-Afrika impakteer ook op die probleem van werkloosheid en armoede. Ekonome is ook van mening dat die ontwikkeling van kleinsake-aktiwiteit en entrepreneurskap kan lei tot ekonomiese groei, en dat die probleem van werkloosheid hierdeur aangespreek kan word. Die geweldige groei van kleinsake- aktiwiteit - in 1994 was 1,574 miljoen mense reeds ekonomies aktief in die informele sektor (CSS, 1995:41) - gee 'n aanduiding van die rol van die informele sektor tot ekonomiese groei. Gegee dat die sektor nie veel formele opvoedkundige opleiding vra nie, en dat die besigheid gewoonlik deur die familie/gesin besit word, bestaan die persepsie dat betrokkenheid in informele ekonomiese aktiwiteite 'n "kommervrye", maartog 'n ekonomies-winsgewende besigheid is.

Thesis (MA(MW))--University of Stellenbosch,2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An exploratory study was done on prevention programmes of substance abuse by high school learners. This was done in order to: explore the factors leading to substance abuse by high school learners; explore the conditions for successful substance abuse programmes and compare it with existing programmes; and to determine how prevention programmes for high school learners can be used in South-African schools. The motivation for this study emerged as a result of the researcher’s involvement in prevention programmes for adolescents in schools and on farms at the South-African Council for Alcohol and Drug Dependency (SANCA) in the Paarl area. The objective of this study is to provide guidelines to social workers for the effective implementation of substance abuse prevention programmes for high school learners. The literature study confirmed the need for effective prevention programmes and highlighted the focus om the factors which leads to substance abuse. Emphasis is placed on risk and protection factors involved with substance abuse. SANCA in Paarl’s adolescent community’s risk and protective factors was investigated, because of the necessity to identify these factors before a prevention programme can be designed. The universum is the grade 10 learners of six schools in the Paarl area. One learner out of each class represented the sample of 48 respondents. The study was done trough a structured questionnaire. A combination of qualitative and quantitative information, through the use of open and close-ended questions, was gathered. The results of this study confirmed the results of the literature study, namely that the most important factor leading to substance abuse, is peer group influence. However, a combination of strategies and programmes are needed to develope a suitable programme for the specific community. The recommendations focus on four areas. Firstly the conditions are described for an effective prevention programme regarding the role of social workers, the use of assessment, evaluation, models, theories and approaches. Secondly, recommendations are made for techniques and general approaches. The third area gives directions for programme content. The last area recommends a possibility for future research: the process, roles and type of training needed to implement an effective and sustainable support group system in schools, must be tested. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Verkennende studie vir voorkomingsprogramme vir middelmisbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders is gedoen ten einde: die faktore wat tot middele-misbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders aanleiding gee, te ondersoek; die voorwaardes vir suksesvolle middele-misbruikvoorkomingsprogramme te verken en met bestaande programme in verband te bring; en te bepaal hoe voorkomingsprogramme aan ho¨erskoolleerders in Suid-Afrikaanse skole benut kan word. Die motivering vir die studie het gespruit uit die navorser se betrokkenheid by die Suid- Afrikaanse Raad vir Alkohol- en Dwelmafhanklikes (SANRA) met die aanbied van voorkomingsprogramme vir adolessente, op plase en in skole in die Paarl-omgwing. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om riglyne vir maatskaplike werkers daar te stel vir die effektiewe implementering van voorkomingsprogramme vir middelmisbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders. Die literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan effektiewe voorkomingsprogramme bevestig en die faktore wat lei tot middelmisbruik is ook uitgelig. Daar is veral gefokus op die risikoen beskermingsfaktore hierby betrokke. Die studie is ingelei deur ’n ondersoek na die risiko- en beskermingsfaktore wat ’n rol speel in die adolessente gemeenskap van SANRA (Paarl), aangesien dit noodsaaklik is om hierdie faktore te identifiseer voordat ’n voorkomingsprogram ontwerp word. Die universum is graad-10 leerders van ses skole in die gebied. Een leerder uit elke klas het die steekproef, van 48 respondente, verteenwoordig. Die ondersoek is aan die hand van ’n gestruktureerde vraelys gerig. Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe inligting is deur middel van ’n kombinasie van oop en geslote vrae ingesamel. Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek het die literatuurstudie bevestig, naamlik dat die hoof faktor wat aanleiding gee tot middelmisbruik, portuurgroepinvloede is. ’n Kombinasie van verskeie strategie¨e is nodig om geskikte programme vir spesifieke gemeenskappe te ontwerp. Die aanbevelings fokus op vier areas, naamlik die voorwaardes vir ’n effektiewe voorkomingsprogram rakende die rol van die maatskaplike werker, die gebruik van assessering, evaluering, modelle, teorie¨e en/of benaderings en aanbevelings ten opsigte van tegnieke, programvoorstelle en programinhoud. Die vierde en laaste area maak ’n aanbeveling vir verdere navorsing: ’n Ondersoek na die proses, rol van en tipe opleiding nodig om ’n effektiewe en volhoubare ondersteuningsgroepstelsel in skole te implementeer.

The research attempts to review the significance of personal description in the investigation of armed robbery cases in the Paarl policing cluster and to explore the value of identifying armed robbery suspects. The purposes of conducting this research were to evaluate the existing procedures that investigators use regarding personal description of armed robbery suspects with the intention of determining its strengths and weaknesses as well as by looking at how this procedure can be improved. Also, this research explored how investigators utilised the personal description as a technique in identifying the armed robbery suspects internationally, thereby establishing the best practices. Moreover, to recommend new procedures in obtaining a personal description of armed robbery suspects. Furthermore, to empower the South African investigators and other investigators in terms of how personal description can be recorded accurately in the case dockets and be effectively used in tracing the suspects of armed robbery cases. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminal Justice)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The economic viability and continuity of any publication is determined by two critical factors, being: • The circulation of the publication, thus the readership, as well as • the advertising volumes of the publication. This particular study started by the realisation by management of the publication, Paarl Post, that these two critical factors had in real terms actually been declining since 1996, albeit marginally. The theme of continuous improvement was identified as critical in the process of eliminating "highs and lows", thus certain key areas had to be addressed. Furthermore these areas had to be continously evaluated and monitored. The process of change started with a process of gathering of information by means of questionnaires and personal interviews with certain key personnel by external consultants. A two-day session was scheduled where this information was processed with the help of the consultants and key personnel and the conclusion was made that the growth in circulation and advertising volumes and ultimately the growth in the publication was a function of certain key areas to be managed in the following way: • Cost efficient • Initiatives that lead to product growth • Optimizing of service • Continuous improvement of processes • Optimal use of manpower. The key areas of Marketing, Product, Communication, Processes and Information Technology were identified as key projects, which led to certain recommendations by these project teams based on abovementioned criteria. The "final" phase in the formal process, essentially a phase which never ends, is the implementation of the recommendations, and the continuous monitoring and following-up of the initiatives which ultimately develop to a continuous process of improvement, with the result: • Continuous circulation growth and • continous growth in advertising volumes, and ultimately continuous real growth in the community publication, Paarl Post. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Enige publikasie se ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid en kontinuïteit word deur twee kritieke faktore bepaal, naamlik: • Sirkulasie, m.a.w. die lesergetalle van die publikasie en • advertensievolumes Hierdie studie is gebore in die bestuur van die publikasie se waarneming dat hierdie twee aspekte van die gemeenskapskoerant, Paarl Post, sedert 1996 afneem in reële terme en dus die ekonomiese kontinuïteit van die publikasie bedreig. Die tema van voordurende verbetering is geïdentifiseer as krities in die totale proses ten einde "highs and lows" uit te skakel. Dus moes sekere sleutel-areas aangespreek word, maar hierdie areas moes verder ook deurlopend geëvalueer en gemonitor word. Die proses van verandering is begin deur 'n proses waarby eksterne konsultante betrek is om die eerste fase van die proses te fasiliteer in terme van die inwin van inligting deur middel van vraelyste en persoonlike onderhoude met sleutelpersoneel soos deur bestuur geïdentifiseer. 'n Tweedag sessie is geskeduleer waarby hierdie inligting met die hulp van die konsultante en die sleutelpersoneel deurgewerk is en die slotsom bereik is, dat groei in sirkulasie en advertensievolumes en dus uiteindelik die groei van die publikasie 'n funksie is van die mate waartoe sleutelareas van die Paarl Post as volg bestuur word: • Koste--effektief • Inisiatiewe wat tot produk-groei lei • Dienslewering optimaliseer • Voortdurende verbetering van prosesse • Optimale benutting van mannekrag. Die sleutelareas van Bemarking, Produk, Kommunikasie, Prosesse en Inligtingstegnologie is as projekte geïdentifiseer, waarvan die uiteinde is dat elke projekspan sekere aanbevelings moes doen aan die hand van bogenoemde kriteria. Die "laaste" stap in die formele proses, wat uiteindelik 'n stap is wat nooit eindig nie, is die implementering van die aanbevelings, asook die voordurende monitering en opvolging van die inisiatiewe wat uiteindelik ontwikkel in 'n deurlopende proses van verbetering, met die resultaat: • Volgehoue sirkulasiegroei, asook • volgehoue groei in advertensievolumes en uiteindelik voordurende reële groei van die gemeenskapspublikasie, Paarl Post.

Thesis (M. Town and regional planning)--Stellenbosch University , 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An ever increasing segment of the population in the current low density category contributes to the sprawling South African city as we know it today. To provide for the housing needs o f people, precious agricultural land is being used, and the historic character o f towns is being destroyed. Densification of the city structure has been put forward as a solution to this problem. In this way, different components of the city may be connected and existing infrastructure may be optimally utilised. The concept of densification is gaining popularity in all spheres o f planning. The implementation of densification requires suitable policy, as well as the strict application of the aforesaid. A densification policy must include consultation with all parties involved with a view to finding a balance between the need for land for development purposes, the conservation of agricultural land, the conservation of the historic character o f towns and cities, as well as being in the public interest. A theoretical investigation was done in which all aspects regarding densification, and its implementation in the South African context were studied. Attention was also given to policy formulation. This was followed by an empirical study, based on the Paarl municipal region as an example, in an attempt to reconcile theory and practice. It was found that although densification enjoys great support, the perception held by professional planners as to appropriate methods for the achievement o f higher densities did not correspond wholly with theoretical arguments in this regard. It was also found that it is important to view densification in relation to the environment in which it is applied, and to create an executable policy for a specifically designated area. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Snelgroeiende bevolkingsgetalle in ‘n lae-digtheidsmilieu dra by tot die uitgebreide Suid- Afrikaanse stad soos ons dit vandag ken. In die proses word kosbare landbougrond gebruik om in die behuisingsbehoefte van die mens te voorsien en die historiese karakter van dorpe word vernietig. As oplossing vir hierdie probleem word verdigting van die stad voorgestel, om sodoende verskillende komponente van die stad te verbind en reeds bestaande infrastruktuur tot die optimum te benut. Die konsep van verdigting geniet toenemende gewildheid in alle sfere van beplanning. Implementering van verdigting kan slegs deur die daarstelling van geskikte beleid en die toepassing daarvan geskied. By die formulering van ‘n verdigtingsbeleid moet alle rolspelers in die proses geraadpleeg word en ‘n middeweg tussen die behoefte aan grond vir ontwikkeling, die bewaring van kosbare landbougrond, die bewaring van die historiese karakter van ‘n stad en die publiek se belange gevind word. ‘n Deeglike teoretiese ondersoek is geloods, wat teoretiese aspekte omtrent verdigting en die implementering van verdigting binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ondersoek het. Daar is ook aandag aan beleidsformulering gegee. Dit is opgevolg deur ‘n empiriese studie wat binne Paarl se munisipale gebied uitgevoer is en teoretiese inligting met die praktyk probeer versoen. In hierdie studie is bevind dat alhoewel verdigting van die stad groot ondersteuning geniet, die persepsie van professionele persone in die beplanningsprofessie oor metodes om hoër digthede te bereik, nie heeltemal met die voorgestelde metodes vervat in teoretiese bronne ooreenstem nie. Daar is ook bevind dat dit belangrik is om verdigting binne die konteks van die omgewing waarin dit toegepas word, te beskou en sodoende ‘n uitvoerbare beleid vir ‘n spesifieke omgewing op te stel.