Estudou-se a posição e morfologia dos órgãos genitais masculinos de dez pacas-machos adultas; cinco espécimes fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% foram estudados macroscopicamente; de cinco espécimes foram coletados fragmentos dessas estruturas, que após procedimento usual para a inclusão em paraplast e historesina, foram analisados microscopicamente. Externamente identificou-se o escroto na época da migração dos testículos que apresentavam parênquima estruturado em túbulos seminíferos em cuja membrana basal repousava o epitélio germinativo; estes órgãos também podiam estar na cavidade abdominal ou no trajeto inguinal. O pênis fibroelástico localizava-se na região púbica, em direção caudal, sua glande, revestida por epitélio queratinizado, era recoberta pelo prepúcio, abaixo deste verificou-se uma estrutura delgada cartilagínea com bordas serreadas; um par de espículas ósseas estavam em um saco ventral à uretra, cuja mucosa era revestida por epitélio de transição. O ducto epididimário, revestido por epitélio pseudo-estratificado e cúbico simples, apresentava-se enovelado na cabeça, continuava-se em corpo e cauda, da qual se originava o ducto deferente, revestido por epitélio estratificado colunar. As glândulas genitais acessórias pares: vesiculares, prostáticas, coaguladoras e bulbo uretrais, estruturavam-se como glândulas mucosas desembocando na uretra pélvica. / The position and morphology of the male genitals of ten adult male pacas were studied; five especimens were fixed in aqueous solution of 10% formol and studied microscopically. From five especimens were collected fragments of these structures that after this usual proceeding to the inclusion in paraplaster and historesin they were analysed microscopically. Externally, we could identify the scrotum in the age of migration of testicle that presented structured parenchyma in seminiferous tubules which the basal menbrane reposed the germinative epithelium; these organs could be in the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal course. The fibroelastic male organ is located in the pubic region, in direction to tail, its gland, covered by keratinous epithelium was recovered by prepuce, under this we can find one thin cartilaginous structure with serried boards; one pair of osseous espícules were in the ventral sack until urethra which mucous was covered by epithelium of transition. The epidermal duct was covered by a pseudo- stratified epithelium and cubic simple, and it was coiled in the head, it was kept the body and the tail which one the referent duct originated, covered by pseudo- stratified epithelium columnar. The genital glandulas accessories: Vesicular, prostate, coagulative and urethral bulb, estructured like mucous glandulas emerging to pelvic urethra.

Orientador: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Maria Aparecida de Alcântara / Banca: Hélio Takachi Okuda / Banca: Gilson Hélio Toniollo / Banca: Marcos Lania de Araújo / Resumo: O objetivo desta investigação foi descrever o comportamento mecânico e as características histológicas de peritônio da paca (Agouti paca) a fresco e conservado em glicerina a 98%. Amostras frescas e conservadas em glicerina por períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias foram submetidas a testes mecânicos de tração, e também caracterizadas pelos seus aspectos histológicos e microscópicos , utilizando-se microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Quatro animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso corporal médio de 8 quilogramas, foram utilizadas para colheita de amostras de peritônio. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na integridade estrutural e ultraestrutural dos elementos que constituem as amostras a fresco e conservadas em glicerina. Evidenciou-se, portanto, células mesoteliais e tecido conjuntivo (ou conectivo) sem grandes alterações. Todos os tecidos conservados em glicerina a 98% apresentaram diminuição na rigidez e aumento na ductibilidade e tenacidade, similarmente às amostra de bovinos. Pode-se concluir que a glicerina é uma substância eficiente para a conservação de membranas biológicas, melhorando as propriedades mecânicas e permitindo que as membranas suportem maiores forças de deformação / Abstract: The purpose of this investigation is to describe the mechanical behavior and histological characteristics of fresh and 98% glycerin conserved Agouti paca peritoneum. Fresh samples and those conserved in glycerin for periods of 30, 60 and 90 days were submitted to mechanical traction tests, as well as characterized by its histological and microscopic aspects by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Four adult animals, males and females, about eight kilograms each, were used to collect peritoneum samples. There was no significant difference in structural and ultrastructural integrity of the elements that constitutes the samples of fresh and 98% glycerin conserved material, evidencing mesothelial cells and connecting tissue without large alterations. All the evaluated tissues conserved in 98% glycerin showed a decrease in their rigidness and also an increase in the ductility and tenacity similar to bovine. It can be concluded, that glycerin is efficient for the conservation of biological membranes.improving the mechanical properties allowing the membranes to handle larger forces and deformation / Doutor

Estudou-se a posição e morfologia dos órgãos genitais masculinos de dez pacas-machos adultas; cinco espécimes fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% foram estudados macroscopicamente; de cinco espécimes foram coletados fragmentos dessas estruturas, que após procedimento usual para a inclusão em paraplast e historesina, foram analisados microscopicamente. Externamente identificou-se o escroto na época da migração dos testículos que apresentavam parênquima estruturado em túbulos seminíferos em cuja membrana basal repousava o epitélio germinativo; estes órgãos também podiam estar na cavidade abdominal ou no trajeto inguinal. O pênis fibroelástico localizava-se na região púbica, em direção caudal, sua glande, revestida por epitélio queratinizado, era recoberta pelo prepúcio, abaixo deste verificou-se uma estrutura delgada cartilagínea com bordas serreadas; um par de espículas ósseas estavam em um saco ventral à uretra, cuja mucosa era revestida por epitélio de transição. O ducto epididimário, revestido por epitélio pseudo-estratificado e cúbico simples, apresentava-se enovelado na cabeça, continuava-se em corpo e cauda, da qual se originava o ducto deferente, revestido por epitélio estratificado colunar. As glândulas genitais acessórias pares: vesiculares, prostáticas, coaguladoras e bulbo uretrais, estruturavam-se como glândulas mucosas desembocando na uretra pélvica. / The position and morphology of the male genitals of ten adult male pacas were studied; five especimens were fixed in aqueous solution of 10% formol and studied microscopically. From five especimens were collected fragments of these structures that after this usual proceeding to the inclusion in paraplaster and historesin they were analysed microscopically. Externally, we could identify the scrotum in the age of migration of testicle that presented structured parenchyma in seminiferous tubules which the basal menbrane reposed the germinative epithelium; these organs could be in the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal course. The fibroelastic male organ is located in the pubic region, in direction to tail, its gland, covered by keratinous epithelium was recovered by prepuce, under this we can find one thin cartilaginous structure with serried boards; one pair of osseous espícules were in the ventral sack until urethra which mucous was covered by epithelium of transition. The epidermal duct was covered by a pseudo- stratified epithelium and cubic simple, and it was coiled in the head, it was kept the body and the tail which one the referent duct originated, covered by pseudo- stratified epithelium columnar. The genital glandulas accessories: Vesicular, prostate, coagulative and urethral bulb, estructured like mucous glandulas emerging to pelvic urethra.

No description available.

L'objet de cette recherche porte sur une ligne à grande vitesse appelée à desservir la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur à l'horizon 2020. La LGV PACA est une infrastructure programmée mais qui n'en est qu'au stade de projet non encore réalisé, c'est pourquoi notre objectif est de proposer des scénarios visant à mesurer les incidences sur l'évolution du territoire transfrontalier franco-italo-monégasque, à partir de la démarche de géoprospective territoriale. Cette approche méthodologique repose ici sur une modélisation spatiale basée sur un modèle d'automate cellulaire contraint du nom de MOLAND. L'application de MOLAND a permis de procéder à une modélisation intégrant transport et usage des sols, ce qui a pour avantage de faciliter la compréhension de l'évolution actuelle et possible du comportement de l'occupation des sols au sein des espaces limitrophes de la frontière. Trois grandes parties sont proposées dans cette thèse. Il est suggéré dans la première partie un cadrage méthodologique portant sur l'interdépendance existante et pouvant exister entre le système territorial et le sous-système des transports. Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons la problématique de la modélisation et de la simulation spatiale en insistant sur la difficulté du paramétrage des modèles dynamiques et spatialement explicites et notamment sur le paramétrage des modèles basés sur les automates cellulaires contraints. Dans la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, c'est la difficulté de l'exercice géoprospectif encore méconnu qui est mise en avant. À partir de différents scénarios géoprospectifs, cette thèse fournit des éléments de connaissance quant à l'avenir possible d'un espace transfrontalier qui s'apprête à accueillir la grande vitesse ferroviaire. Elle apporte des réponses concrètes aux questions liées à la croissance urbaine et à l'accessibilité des territoires jusque-là isolés des grands couloirs européens de communication. Les résultats de cette recherche sont plus que jamais d'actualité car, dans le cadre de l'aide à la connaissance du territoire et de l'aide à la décision, ils permettent de se pencher sur un volet ignoré jusqu'à présent par les études menées par le maître d'ouvrage RFF (Réseau Ferré de France) : la prise en compte simultanée de l'infrastructure de transport et de l'occupation des sols pour l'appréhension et la compréhension des dynamiques d'un territoire en devenir. La prise en compte de l'occupation des sols dans la modélisation géoprospective par automates cellulaires permet au géographe de poser les bonnes questions à partir d'une entrée territoriale. RFF a récemment lancé de nouvelles études sur l'opportunité qu'offre l'infrastructure grande vitesse ferroviaire pour améliorer la desserte de la Région PACA. En permettant de mesurer les impacts nationaux de cette infrastructure sur ce territoire transfrontalier, les simulations réalisées constituent une aide à la décision utile et indispensable.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-22T12:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DeterminacaoAlgunsParametros.pdf: 14192036 bytes, checksum: 865196d6e775923211b43e8fab5fe7da (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-22T15:52:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DeterminacaoAlgunsParametros.pdf: 14192036 bytes, checksum: 865196d6e775923211b43e8fab5fe7da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T15:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DeterminacaoAlgunsParametros.pdf: 14192036 bytes, checksum: 865196d6e775923211b43e8fab5fe7da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / O presente estudo teve o propósito de determinar as características reprodutivas básicas de pacas criadas em cativeiro, tais como: duração do ciclo estral, duração do período gestacional, intervalo do parto ao primeiro cio pós-parto, duração do intervalo entre partos, além do número de produtos por parto e da proporção sexual. Foram utilizados treze animais, todos criados em cativeiro no Biotério da Universidade Federal do Pará sendo que os dados foram obtidos através de técnicas colpocitológicas, exceto aqueles relacionados à determinação do produto por parto e à proporção sexual, os quais foram observados diretamente após o parto. O período médio encontrado para o ciclo estral foi de 32,5 ± 3,69 (n = 20) dias sendo classificado em quatro fases: proestro, estro, metaestro e diestro. Estes resultados indicam que esta espécie tem poliestxo com reprodução contínua. Quanto ao período gestacional, dois resultados foram obtidos: a) 147,5 ± 2,83 (n = 2) dias para fêmeas cujo último cio foi confirmado com a presença de espermatozóides na lâmina e b) 146,7 ± 6,43 (n = 3) dias para fêmeas que tiveram a confirmação do início da gestação apenas pelas características clínicas do último cio antes do parto, confirmado através da caracterização da lâmina. Os filhotes apresentaram, ao nascer, olhos abertos, corpo completamente coberto de pêlos, movimentos ativos e capacidade de comer alimentos sólidos dentro de dois dias. O peso médio foi de 605,9 ± 87,47 g (n = 12) para as fêmeas e de 736,7 ± 108,41 g (n = 14) para os machos. Dos 38 nascimentos ocorridos no Biotério, nenhum foi gemelar, embora a paca seja capaz de produzir gêmeos. O intervalo entre partos foi de 187,3 ± 8,48 (n = 15) dias e dentro de 35,6 ± 5,22 (n = 5) dias ocorreu o primeiro cio pós-parto. Estes resultados podem servir de base para futuros trabalhos que tenham como objetivo o estudo de parâmetros reprodutivos de animais silvestres através da biotecnologia. Além disso, criatórios bem manejados de pacas podem tornar-se, no futuro, fonte de alimentação com qualidade e fonte de renda acarretando, desta maneira, a garantia da preservação da espécie. / This work had the objective of estimating basics reproductive characteristics of Agouti paca reared in captivity, the determination of the oestrous cycle period, gestational period, parturition interval, first postparturition oestrous, number of offsprings and sexual proportion. The observations were done using a colony of 13 caged animais in the Biotério of Universidade Federal do Pará, and the data were obtained with colpocitological techniques. These results indicate that this specie is polyestrous with continous reproduction. The oestrous cycle was categorized in four phases: proestrous, oestrous, metaestrous and diestrous, and its period was 32,5 ± 3,69 days (n = 20). As for the gestation period, two results were obtained: a) 147, 5 ± 2,83 days (n = 2) for females that had its last oestrous registered with sperm presence and, b) 146,7 ± 6,43 days (n = 3) for females that had just the last oestrous before the parturition. New borns were observed and weights and sexes were registered. Their weight was 605,9 ± 87,47 g (n = 12) for females and 736,7 ± 108,41 g (n = 14) for males. At birth the youngs are quite developed and soon show active movements, opened eyes, body completely covered by hair, and a capacity to eat solids within two days. From 38 births occurred at Biotério, all of them are single, although the A paca is been able to produce more than one offsprings per parturition. The parturition interval was 187,3 ± 8,48 days (n = 15) and within 35,6 ± 5,22 days (n = 5) occurred the first oestrous postparturition. These results can be used as basic orientation to future works with proposes to study reproductive parameters from selvage animals using biothecnology. In addition to, the application of an appropiate management in A. Paca creation, can become in the future, aliment qualified source and lucrative source too. Furthermore, it can give guaranty of species conservation yet.

Les territoires sont innervés par une multitude de réseaux sur lesquels se sont construits les modes de vie modernes et le fonctionnement de la société tout entière; cette dépendance de la société à leur égard se double d'une interdépendance entre les territoires eux-mêmes puisque de par leur structure, les réseaux d'énergie, de télécommunication, d'assainissement ou de circulation intègrent des territoires distincts dans un système commun. Ainsi peut-on poser l'hypothèse que le développement de réseaux va de pair avec le développement de la vulnérabilité des territoires. Cette interdépendance multi-niveau des territoires et des réseaux tend à complexifier les situations à risque et place l'anticipation de systèmes de risques et la détection des espaces à enjeux, dans un contexte de très forte incertitude. L'incomplétude, l'imprécision et l'incertitude autour de la connaissance rétrospective, spatiale et technique de ces systèmes de risques contraignent d'autant plus cette démarche. Malgré cela, pour parvenir à un niveau de prédictibilité et d'anticipation satisfaisant, la modélisation spatiale des systèmes de risque doit alors être capable d'intégrer différents types d'effets dominos et d'envisager les nombreuses trajectoires possibles de la diffusion spatiale des impacts d'un aléa. Dans ce cadre possibiliste, la modélisation spatiale des systèmes de risques et la détection des espaces à enjeux s'appuient sur l'articulation originale de quatre concepts liés à l'analyse des risques et la stabilité des systèmes : la susceptibilité, la criticité, la résilience et la dépendance, que nous avons regroupées sous l'acronyme SCReD. L'estimation de ces propriétés territoriales est réalisée à partir de traitements géomatiques permettant de prendre en compte l'incertitude et l'imprécision, et aboutit à une délimitation des espaces à risques, influencée notamment par les concepts d'espaces géographiques flous. La démarche, orientée à la fois vers le théorique et l'opérationnel, repose sur la compréhension des liens entre vulnérabilité des territoires, vulnérabilité des réseaux et vulnérabilité des populations. Ces méthodes sont appliquées de manière rétrospective aux cas de Barcelone et du département du Var, et dans une logique anticipative et de détection des espaces à enjeux dans le cas de Marseille. Les systèmes de risques associés à ces applications peuvent être d'une complexité variable et déclenchés par différents types d'aléas ; dans le cas de Barcelone, l'évènement est initialement une coupure électrique, dans le cas du Var, on considère également les interactions du système territoire-réseau avec les aléas naturels incendies et tempêtes de neige, alors que pour le cas Marseillais, les systèmes de risques sont initiés par une inondation. Progressivement, au fil des exemples proposés, la complexité des méthodes de spatialisation des systèmes de risques s'accroit en prenant en compte l'incertitude et l'imprécision de manière de plus en plus explicite. Les résultats apparaissent alors plus nuancés, les limites spatiales des systèmes de risques s'estompent et perdent en termes de netteté ce qu'elles gagnent en termes d'exactitude.

Les débats récents autour des concepts comme : le capitalisme cognitif, l’économie du savoir ou l’économie de connaissance dessinent une nouvelle vision des organisations, dans laquelle la principale source de création de richesses réside désormais dans les savoirs et les compétences, davantage que dans les ressources matérielles. A cet égard la problématique de conservation des mémoires des organisations, la capitalisation, la conservation, la codification et le partage des connaissances font appel à un nouveau type de management : le Management des Connaissances ou Knowledge Management qui est devenu progressivement un domaine de recherche en pleine d’expansion dans le monde des organisations privés ou publiques. / Recent debates on the concepts of cognitive capitalism, the knowledge draw a new view of organizations, in which the main source of wealth creation now lies in the knowledge and skills, rather than in material resources. In this respect the issue of conservation of memory organizations, funding, preservation, codification and sharing of knowledge call for a new type of management: called the Knowledge Management which has gradually become a research area full expansion in the world of private and public organizations. Our research on the knowledge management within the PACA Regional Council is in this context. Indeed knowledge management becomes a strategic element in territorial management by giving local players an efficient visibility to help decision making.

In photodynamic therapy a photosensitizer drug is administered and is irradiated with light. Upon absorption of light the photosensitizer goes into its triplet state and transfers energy or an electron to oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS react with biomolecules in cells leading to cell damage and cell death. PDT has interested many researchers because of its non-invasiveness as compared to surgery, it leaves little to no scars, it is time and cost effective, it has potential for targeted treatment, and can be repeated as needed. Different photosensitizers such as porphyrines, chlorophylls, and dyes have been used in PDT to treat various cancers, skin diseases, aging and sun-damaged skin. These second generation sensitizers have yielded reduced skin sensitivity and improved extinction coefficients (up to ~ 105 L mol-1 cm-1). While PDT based on small molecule photosensitizers has shown great promise, several problems remain unsolved. The main issues with current sensitizers are (i) hydrophobicity leading to aggregation in aqueous media resulting in reduced efficacy and potential toxicity, (ii) dark toxicity of photosensitizers, (iii) non-selectivity towards malignant tissue resulting in prolonged cutaneous photosensitivity and damage to healthy tissue, (iv) limited light absorption efficiency, and (v) a lack of understanding of where the photosensitizer ends up in the tissue. In this dissertation research program, these issues were addressed by the development of conducting polymer nanoparticles as a next generation of photosensitizers. This choice was motivated by the fact that conducting polymers have large extinction coefficients ( > 107 L mol-1 cm-1), are able to undergo intersystem crossing to the triplet state, and have triplet energies that are close to that of oxygen. It was therefore hypothesized that such polymers could be effective at generating ROS due to the large excitation rate that can be generated. Conducting polymer nanoparticles (CPNPs) composed of the conducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) were fabricated and studied in-vitro for their potential in PDT application. Although not fully selective, the nanoparticles exhibited a strong bias to the cancer cells. The formation of ROS was proven in-vitro by staining of the cells with CellROX Green Reagent, after which PDT results were quantified by MTT assays. Cell mortality was observed to scale with nanoparticle dosage and light dosage. Based on these promising results the MEH-PPV nanoparticles were developed further to allow for surface functionalization, with the aim of targeting these NPs to cancer cell lines. For this work targeting of cancers that overexpress folate receptors (FR) were considered. The functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs) were studied in OVCAR3 (ovarian cancer cell line) as FR+, MIA PaCa2 (pancreatic cell line) as FR-, and A549 (lung cancer cell line) having marginal FR expression. Complete selectivity of the FNPs towards the FR+ cell line was found. Quantification of PDT results by MTS assays and flow cytometry show that PDT treatment was fully selective to the FR+ cell line (OVCAR3). No cell mortality was observed for the other cell lines studied here within experimental error. Finally, the issue of confirming and quantifying small molecule drug delivery to diseased tissue was tackled by developing quantum dot (Qdot) biosensors with the aim of achieving fluorescence reporting of intracellular small molecule/drug delivery. For fluorescence reporting prior expertise in control of the fluorescence state of Qdots was employed, where redox active ligands can place the Qdot in a quenched OFF state. Ligand attachment was accomplished by disulfide linker chemistry. This chemistry is reversible in the presence of sulfur reducing biomolecules, resulting in Qdots in a brightly fluorescent ON state. Glutathione (GSH) is such a biomolecule that is present in the intracellular environment. Experimental in-vitro data shows that this design was successfully implemented.

This thesis explores the implications of chinoiserie, or Western creations of Chinese-style decorative arts, upon an eighteenth century colonial American audience. Chinese products such as tea, porcelain, and silk, and goods such as furniture and wallpaper displaying Chinese motifs of distant exotic lands, had become popular commodities in Europe by the eighteenth century. The American colonists, who were primarily culturally British, thus developed a taste for chinoiserie fashions and wares via their European heritage. While most European countries had direct access to the China trade, colonial Americans were banned from any direct contact with the Orient by the British East India Company. They were relegated to creating their own versions of these popular designs and products based on their own interpretations of British imports. Americans also created a mental construct of China from philosophical writings of their European contemporaries, such as Voltaire, who often envisioned China as a philosopher's paradise. Some colonial Americans, such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, fit their understanding of China within their own Enlightenment worldview. For these individuals, chinoiserie in American homes not only reflected the owners' desires to keep up with European fashions, but also carried associations with Enlightenment thought. The latter half of the eighteenth century was a time of escalating conflict as Americans colonists began to assert the right to govern themselves. Part of their struggle for freedom from England was a desire to rid themselves of the British imports, such as tea, silk, and porcelain, on which they had become so dependent by making those goods themselves. Americans in the eighteenth century had many of the natural resources to create such products, but often lacked the skill or equipment for turning their raw materials into finished goods. This thesis examines the colonists' attempts to create their own chinoiserie products, despite these odds, in light of revolutionary sentiments of the day. Chinoiserie in colonial America meshed with neoclassical décor, thereby reflecting the Enlightenment and revolutionary spirit of the time, and revealing a complex colonial worldview filled with trans-oceanic dialogues and cross-cultural currents.