The objective of this research is the' development and evaluation of a new style of integrated optoelectronics. The approach combines the selectivity of traditional hybrid integration with the "internal" interconnection capabilities of monolithic integration, through the use of low temperature cofireable ceramic (LTCC) tape systems. This new integration technique is applied to a fiber optic receiver system, and focuses on three main tasks. The first task involves the realization, and eventual hybridization, of the receiver electronics, including the photodetector and the associated amplifier circuitry. Second, materials and techniques for the processing of planar optical waveguides are investigated, in order to expand the potential applications of the technique. Finally, a new technique of integrating an optical fiber with the above components is introduced and evaluated. Multichip module (MCM) technology has become the new standard in the field of electronic packaging. Much of the success of MCM packaging may be attributed to the development of LTCC systems. LTCC materials utilize their multilayer (3-dimensional) nature to achieve a higher level of electronic circuit density within a hermetic module. The goal of this research effort is to expand this capability to include optical components, in addition to the traditional electronics. The optical counterpart to the printed electrical wiring within an LTCC package is the planar waveguide. Much of this research is therefore devoted to an investigation of materials and processing techniques used to develop planar optical waveguide structures. This research discusses the production and evaluation of both thin film and thick film structures based on germanium oxide (GeO₂) - a material with promising photosensitivity characteristics. As has been seen with optical fibers, the optimization of planar optical waveguides is also not a trivial task. Aside from the material and processing concerns, there is also the compatibility with cofireable ceramic materials that must be addressed. Once these planar optical waveguides are able to be incorporated within the internal layers of the multichip module, there must be a means of accessing them from the outside of the package. Thus this research work also investigates the ability to integrate optical fibers within LTCC materials. Traditional optical fiber connectors are not suitable for this application, since the interface between fiber and waveguide will be inside a hermetic module. This research discusses the techniques used to· achieve this novel integration capability. The planar optical waveguides developed in this work are not yet optimized for full integration within cofireable ceramic materials. Thus, the interface between fiber and waveguide is theoretically. analyzed from the perspective of coupling efficiency. Nevertheless, the ability to integrate an optical fiber within an LTCC module is demonstrated through the development of a fiber optic receiver module. One of the benefits of the integration technique proposed in this research work is selectivity. This feature is demonstrated through the evaluation and selection of individual components of the receiver system. This work demonstrates that the selection of receiver components is not dictated by the integration technology, but is determined instead by individual performance characteristics. Through the hybridization of the receiver circuitry and the successful integration of an optical fiber within the LTCC material, a functional integrated fiber optic receiver module has been completed. In addition, this research into the development of both thick and thin film planar optical waveguide materials is an important step toward the eventual integration of these devices. / Ph. D.

Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) is an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 4.5–4.9 eV, which is higher than the bandgap of Silicon (Si), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Gallium Nitride (GaN). A benefit of this wide-bandgap is the high critical electric field of Ga2O3, which is estimated to be from 5 MV/cm to 9 MV/cm. This allows a higher Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM), i.e., unipolar Ga2O3 devices potentially possess a smaller specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) as compared to the Si, SiC, and GaN devices with the same breakdown voltage (BV). This prospect makes Ga2O3 devices promising candidates for next-generation power electronics. This thesis explores the design, fabrication, and packaging of vertical Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The power SBD allows for a small forward voltage and a fast switching speed; thus, it is ubiquitously utilized in power electronics systems. It is also a building block for many advanced power transistors. Hence, the study of Ga2O3 SBDs is expected to pave the way for developing a series of Ga2O3 power devices. In this work, a vertical β-Ga2O3 SBD with a novel edge termination, which is the small-angle beveled field plate (SABFP), is fabricated on thinned Ga2O3 substrates. This SABFP structure decreases the peak electric field (Epeak) at the triple point when the Ga2O3 SBD is reverse biased, resulting in a BV of 1.1 kV and an Epeak of 3.5 MV/cm. This device demonstrates a BFOM of 0.6 GW/cm2, which is among the highest in β-Ga2O3 power devices and is comparable to the state-of-the-art vertical GaN SBDs. The high-temperature characteristics of Ga2O3 SBDs with a 45o beveled angle sidewall edge termination are studied at temperatures up to 600 K. As compared to the state-of-the-art SiC and GaN SBDs with a similar blocking voltage, the vertical Ga2O3 SBDs are capable of operating at higher temperatures and show a smaller leakage current increase with temperature. The leakage current mechanisms were also revealed at various temperatures and reverse biases. A new fabrication method of a dielectric field plate and Ga2O3 mesa of a medium angle (10o~30o) is achieved by controlling the adhesion between the photoresist (PR) and the dielectric surface. As compared to the small-angle termination, this medium-angle edge termination can allow a superior yield and uniformity in device fabrication, at the same time maintaining the major functionalities of beveled edge termination. Good surface morphology of the field plates and Ga2O3 mesa of the medium angle 10o~30o sidewall angle is verified by atomic force microscopy. Finally, large-area Ga2O3 SBDs are fabricated and packaged using silver sintering as the die attach. The sintered silver joint has higher thermal conductivity and better reliability as compared to the solder joint. The metal finish on the anode and cathode has been optimized for silver sintering. Large-area, packaged Ga2O3 SBDs with an anode size of 3×3 mm2 are prototyped. They show a forward current of over 5 A, a current on/off ratio of ~109, and a BV of 190 V. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a large-area, packaged Ga2O3 power device. / M.S. / Power electronics is the processing of electric energy using solid-state electronics. It is ubiquitously used in consumer electronics, data centers, electric vehicles, electricity grids, and renewable energy systems. Advanced power device technologies are paramount to improving the performance of power electronic systems. Power device design centers on the concurrent realization of low on-resistance (RON), high breakdown voltage (BV), and small turn-on/turn-off power losses. The performance of power devices hinges on semiconductor material properties. Over the last several years, power devices based on wide-bandgap semiconductors like Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) have enabled tremendous performance advancements in power electronic systems. Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) is an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 4.5–4.9 eV, which is higher than the bandgap of Silicon (Si), SiC, and GaN. As a benefit of this wide bandgap, the theoretical performance of Ga2O3 devices is superior to the Si, SiC, and GaN counterparts. Hence, Ga2O3 devices are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation power electronics. This thesis explores the design, fabrication, and packaging of vertical Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The power SBD allows a small forward voltage and a fast switching speed; thus, it is extensively utilized in power electronics systems. It is also a building block for many advanced power transistors. First, a vertical β-Ga2O3 SBD with a novel edge termination is fabricated. This edge termination structure reduces the peak electric field (Epeak) in the device and enhances the BV. The fabricated device shows one of the highest figure of merits in β-Ga2O3 power devices. Next, the high-temperature characteristics of the fabricated Ga2O3 SBDs are studied at temperatures up to 600 K. The leakage current mechanisms were also revealed at various temperatures and reverse biases. Finally, large-area Ga2O3 SBDs are fabricated and packaged using silver sintering as the die attach. The sintered silver joint has higher thermal conductivity and better reliability as compared to the conventional solder joint. The packaged Ga2O3 SBDs show a forward current of over 5 A and a BV of 190 V. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a large-area, packaged Ga2O3 power device.

A finite element analysis (FEA) driven, automated numerical optimization technique is used to design electric field grading structures in a PCB-integrated bus bar for a 10 kV bondwire-less silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFET power module. Due to the ultra-high-density of the power module, careful design of field-grading structures inside the bus bar is required to mitigate the high electric field strength in the air. Using Bayesian optimization and a new weighted point-of-interest (POI) cost function, the highly non-uniform electric field is efficiently optimized without the use of field integration, or finite-difference derivatives. The proposed optimization technique is used to efficiently characterize the performance of the embedded field grading structure, providing insights into the fundamental limitations of the system. The characterization results are used to streamline the design and optimization of the bus bar and high-density module interface. The high-density interface experimentally demonstrated a partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of 11.6 kV rms. When compared to a state-of-the-art descent-based optimization technique, the proposed algorithm converges 3x faster and with 7x smaller error, making both the field grading structure and the design technique widely applicable to other high-density high-voltage design problems. / M.S. / Innovation trends in electrical engineering such as the electrification of consumer and commercial vehicles, renewable energy, and widespread adoption of personal electronics have spurred the development of new semiconductor materials to replace conventional silicon technology. To fully take advantage of the better efficiency and faster speeds of these new materials, innovation is required at the system-level, to reduce the size of power conversion systems, and develop converters with higher levels of integration. As the size of these systems decreases, and operating voltages rise, the design of the insulation systems that protect them becomes more critical. Historically, the design of high-density insulation system requires time-consuming design iteration, where the designer simulates a case, assesses its performance, modifies the design, and repeats, until adequate performance is achieved. The process is computationally expensive, time-consuming, and the results are not easily applied to other insulation design problems. This work proposes an automated design process that allows for the streamlined optimization of high-density insulation systems. The process is applied to a 10 kV power module and experimentally demonstrates a 38\% performance improvement over manual design techniques, while providing an 8 times reduction in design cycle time.

The purposes of this study are, first, to determine relative numbers and predominant types of bacterial organisms in the various food products studied; second, to evaluate the efficiency of the paper coverings of these foods; and third, to determine whether these products are potential sources of food poisoning.

Durante los últimos años la creciente demanda por parte del consumidor de alimentos frescos, de primera calidad y listos para preparar y servir, ha generado un cambio importante en la aplicación de técnicas de conservación de alimentos, abriéndose nuevas líneas en el mercado. Ante este reto, la industria ha respondido mediante la elaboración de productos minimamente procesados en fresco. Sin embargo, estos alimentos presentan una vida útil corta, principalmente debido a problemas de pardeamiento. La metodología para controlar este tipo de problema se basa en la utilización de antioxidantes y atmósferas modificadas con bajo nivel de O2. Sin embargo, la sola aplicación de estas tecnologías, en muchos casos, resulta poco efectiva para garantizar una vida útil adecuada del producto minimamente procesado. Por lo tanto, resulta necesario seguir estudiando en el desarrollo y aplicación de otras tecnologías que ayuden a mantener la calidad de estos productos durante periodos adecuados para su comercialización. En este proyecto, se pretende estudiar la efectividad de tratamientos antioxidantes con recubrimientos comestibles y el envasado en atmósferas modificadas `no convencionales¿, con el objetivo de reducir el pardeamiento enzimático en productos como alcachofa, berenjena, manzana y caqui minimamente procesados. / Ghidelli, C. (2014). EFFECT OF SOY PROTEIN-BASED EDIBLE COATINGS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON THE QUALITY OF FRESH-CUT PRODUCES [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39104

Tesis por compendio / This PhD dissertation focuses on the development of renewable and biodegradable active films based on chemically-modified wheat gliadin proteins endowed with antimicrobial capacity owing to the incorporation of naturally-occurring bioactive compounds, namely cinnamaldehyde, natamycin, and lysozyme. Gliadin proteins were treated with cinnamaldehyde at acidic pH and films were produced by casting. The resulting protein-based films presented improved functional properties (mechanical, barrier, and water resistance), and biochemical evidence of the formation of a more compact network whose degree of cross-linking increased with the amount of cinnamaldehyde incorporated into the gliadin-ethanolic solution. Free cinnamaldehyde not participating in the cross-linked reaction remained entrapped in the protein matrix at low relative humidity conditions. The sensitivity of the films to moisture owing to the hydrophilic character of gliadins provided a trigger and control mechanism for the release of cinnamaldehyde in moderate and high relative humidity environments, similar to conditions occurring in packaged food products. The antimicrobial properties of the films developed were tested in vitro by vapor diffusion assays against common food spoilage fungi (Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger), showing great effectiveness. Application of these active films to the preservation of two foodstuffs, sliced bread and cheese spread, gave promising results, lengthening fungal growth lag phase and minimizing fungal growth extension. / Balaguer Grimaldo, MDLP. (2015). Development of active bioplastics based on wheat proteins and natural antimicrobials for food packaging applications [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48520 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

Tesis por compendio / This PhD dissertation thesis has been focus on the development and characterization of antimicrobial packaging films based on the incorporation in the polymer matrix or on the attachment to the film surface of naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds with the purpose of inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms and extend the microbiological shelf life of packaged food products. The studied active films are based on the use of ethylene vinyl copolymers (EVOH) containing 29% (EVOH29) or 44% (EVOH44) molar percentage of ethylene as polymeric vehicle for the incorporation of several antimicrobial compounds -oregano essential oil (OEO), citral, ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE), epsilon-polylysine (EPL), green tea extract (GTE) and lysozyme. These antimicrobial agents have been incorporated in the film-forming solution or immobilized to the film surface by covalent bonding. Prior to the preparation of the active films, the antimicrobial activity of the selected compounds against selected microorganism was demonstrated, confirming that they could be good candidates to be used as preservatives for active food packaging applications, and an alternative to synthetic additives. The effect of the incorporation of the antimicrobial agents on relevant functional properties of the developed EVOH films was studied. In general, the polymer properties as materials for food packaging were not relevantly affected. In order to evaluate the potential of EVOH matrices as sustain release systems of active compounds, the release kinetics of the active compounds from the film to different media was evaluated; for that the agent release rate and extend into food simulants was monitored, and it was concluded that the agent concentration, release temperature, type of EVOH, interaction of EVOH with the food simulant, and the solubility of the active compound in the release media were the main controlling factors. EVOH matrices have also shown good properties to be used for the attachment of active molecules. In this regard, lysozyme was successfully immobilized on the film surface of EVOH. Several experiments were conducted to determine the antimicrobial properties of the resulting films in vitro against different microorganisms responsible for foodborne illness and in vivo with real foods –minimally-process salad, infant milk, surimi sticks and chicken stock- to enhance their preservation. All the materials presented a strong in vitro antimicrobial activity. Although the results obtained through in vivo tests showed activity reductions caused by food matrix effects, all materials presented significant microbial inhibition and, therefore, great potential to be used in the design of active food packaging. They can be applied as an inner coating of the packaging structure, releasing the active agent or acting by direct contact, producing a great protection against contamination with a prolongation of the microbiological food shelf life. / Muriel Galet, V. (2015). Novel antimicrobial films based on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers for food packaging application [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48522 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

[EN] This thesis is finalizing define a protocol to assess the need to adapt the distinctive sign of a product and its packaging and communication of the same products to be introduced in new markets, especially markets culturally very different to the place of origin of the product which is already being marketed. So that we can determine taking into account environmental externalities closely linked to the brand strategy as the tongue or the country language, religion, education, technology and economics. In order to address adequately the study was conducted a cross-sectional analysis in areas such as brand evolution, the evolution of packaging, materials and technology, as well as the evolution of design applied in packaging. This has led to verify the relationship between cultures, designs and shapes of packaging, design and communication applied to the container. As well as a normalizing relationship has expanded over history and much has survived to this day evolved. Finally, given the intrinsic relationship between marketing applied to product strategy, packaging, graphic communication container and ultimately brand strategy, has made to study investigations associated with the relevant points that could bring light to conclude a protocol to provide a methodology for analysing and promotes the adaptation of the brand and packaging for products to be internationalized. / [ES] La presente tesis tiene como finalizar definir un protocolo que permita evaluar la necesidad de adecuación del signo distintivo de un producto, así como su envase y la comunicación del mismo en productos que deban ser introducidos en nuevos mercados, especialmente los mercados culturalmente muy diferentes al lugar de origen del producto en el cual ya se está comercializando. De tal manera que podamos determinar teniendo en cuenta factores externos ambientales estrechamente vinculados a la estrategia de marca como la lengua o lenguaje del país, la religión, la educación, la tecnología y la economía. Para poder abordar adecuadamente el estudio se ha llevado a cabo un análisis transversal en áreas como la evolución de la marca, la evolución de los envases, sus materiales y la tecnología, así como la evolución del diseño aplicado en los envases. Lo que ha llevado a constatar la relación entre culturas, diseños y formas de envases, diseño y comunicación aplicada al envase. Así como a una relación normalizadora que se ha ido ampliando a lo largo de la historia y que gran parte ha llegado hasta nuestros días evolucionada. Por último, teniendo en cuenta la relación intrínseca entre marketing aplicado a estrategia de producto, envase, comunicación gráfica del envase y, en definitiva, estrategia de marca; ha hecho que estudiemos las investigaciones asociadas a los puntos relevantes, y que pudieran aportar luz, para concluir con un protocolo que facilite una metodología de análisis y favorezca la adecuación de la marca y el packaging para productos que deban ser internacionalizados. / [CA] La present tesi té com finalitat definir un protocol que permeta avaluar la necessitat d'adequació del signe distintiu d'un producte, així com el seu envàs i la comunicació del mateix en productes que hagen de ser introduïts en nous mercats, especialment els mercats culturalment molt diferents al lloc d'origen del producte en el qual ja s'està comercialitzant. De tal manera que puguem determinar tenint en compte factors externs ambientals estretament vinculats a l'estratègia de marca com la llengua o llenguatge del país, la religió, l'educació, la tecnologia i l'economia. Per a poder abordar adequadament l'estudi s'ha dut a terme una anàlisi transversal en àrees com l'evolució de la marca, l'evolució dels envasos, els seus materials i la tecnologia, així com l'evolució del disseny aplicat en els envasos. El que ha portat a constatar la relació entre cultures, dissenys i formes d'envasos, disseny i comunicació aplicada a l'envàs. Així com a una relació normalitzadora que s'ha anat ampliant al llarg de la història i que gran part ha arribat fins als nostres dies evolucionada. Finalment, tenint en compte la relació intrínseca entre màrqueting aplicat a estratègia de producte, envàs, comunicació gràfica de l'envàs i en definitiva estratègia de marca, ha fet que analitzem les recerques associades als punts rellevants i que pogueren aportar llum per a concloure amb un protocol que facilite una metodologia d'anàlisi i afavorisca l'adequació de la marca i el packaging per a productes que hagen de ser internacionalitzats. / Escudero Fernández, S. (2016). Protocolo de actuaciones orientado al diseño de marcas y adecuación del producto para su internacionalización [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63273

[EN] The main objective of this thesis is contribute to emotional assessments of design product through three tools: differential semantic (DS), Eye-tracking (ET) and Event-related potential (ERP). Together these three tools will evaluate the methodology in four experiments developed by this thesis.The first experiment proposes an objective evaluation to compare a real product with a virtual representation. Both stimuli was evaluated separately with the same conditions by a single sample. This experiment proposes two assessments: (1) the DS intervention to quantify subjective elements for real and virtual bottle comparison. (2) ET applying to quantified the differences with virtual and real bottle. The results obtained by the two tools exposes 3 effects: (1) DS indicated a 70% of similitude between them. (2) DS indicated a difference evoked by visual quality. (3) ET indicated a 66% of similitude in the vision behavior for the two stimuli. The second experiment use a ceramic flooring as a stimulus in different decorative contexts to make an assessment. The stimulus was designed with two elements: (1) A scenario with the same ceramic flooring with different decoration style. (2) A bipolar semantic scale below the scenarios. This experiment proposes two assessments: (1) DS intervention to quantify the perception of flooring inside the scenarios with 9 bipolar scale and 3 scale related with decoration impression. (2) ET measure to find visual differences between stimuli biased by scenario impression and participant gender. The findings for DS, indicated that ceramic flooring was better valued with adjectives related to the concept of "modern" inside of modern decoration. The findings for ET, exposed a significant difference in the way men and women visualize. Furthermore, the inverted attention on flooring correlates with specific adjectives related with decoration used. The third experiment focuses on preference prediction or liking, using vision tracking and assessment rank. This experiment used a two independent sample of participants (children) for 2 type of stimuli. A series of isotypes and toys was created with three aesthetic dimension. The experiment are composed by two phases: (1) apply an assessment methodology-centered in a particular stimuli arrangement to be selected by vision. (2) Each stimuli used in the first phase was evaluated by a liking scale to determine which was the more liked. The findings described two aspects for this experiment: (1) The participant vision predict a subconscious selection until 1.5 seconds before conscious choice was made. (2) The perception of aesthetic dimensions and the assessment rank was biased by gender. The last experiment proposes a complete analysis with the three tools. The methodology focuses on capture the ERPs applied to healthy food packaging (boiled ham and turkey breast). This experiment possess a high degree of complexity to propose a quantification of cognitive process related with semantic product perception. The experiment uses the comparison of priming (adjectives) that describe positive or negative a target (packaging). A categorization was made in two groups of pairs of target (ham and turkey and packaging with sticker promotion or not [with and without a promotion sticker]). Simultaneously, a vision tracking was made to observed graphic elements. The findings describes several effects. For ET measure, the main areas of interest observed in the packaging during the semantic assessment (positive or negative adjective) were: the product photographic, the attribute information and the sticker promotion. For ERPs measure, the semantic positive effect was congruent with the healthiest packaging perceived (turkey breast) while the semantic negative effect was congruent with less healthy (boiled ham). For the packaging with sticker promotion, the semantic positive effect was congruent with them while the semantic negative effects was congruence with no sticker promotion. / [ES] El objetivo general de esta tesis es contribuir a la evaluación emocional del diseño de producto mediante las tres herramientas: diferenciales semánticos (DS), Eye-tracking (ET) y Potenciales relacionados con eventos (Event-related Potential, ERP). Estas tres herramientas validarán las aportaciones para la tesis en cuatro experimentos de la tesis. El primer experimento evalúa una comparación de un producto real frente una versión virtual del mismo. El experimento plantea dos evaluaciones: (1) El uso de DS para cuantificar elementos subjetivos de la comparativa de la botella real y virtual. (2) El uso de ET para cuantificar las diferencias de visualización entre la botella real y la virtual. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: (2) Los DS muestran un 70% de similitud entre los estímulos. (2) Los DS muestras una diferencia en términos de calidad visual de los estímulos. (3) El ET muestra un 66% de similitud de la mirada para los estímulos. El segundo experimento evalúa la percepción de un pavimento cerámico en diferentes contextos decorativos. Los estímulos generados contenían dos elementos: (1) Una imagen con el pavimento y las decoraciones. (2) Una escala bipolar de adjetivos descriptivos. El experimento plantea dos evaluaciones: (1) El uso de DS para cuantificar la percepción del pavimento dentro de las decoraciones, con 9 escalas bipolares y 3 escalas relacionadas con la decoración. (2) El uso de ET para encontrar diferencias de visualización entre estímulos sesgados por la valoración del escenario y género de los participantes. Los resultados encontrados para los DS muestran que el pavimento cerámico fue mejor valorado con adjetivos relacionados al concepto de moderno dentro del escenario de decoración moderna. El ET expone una diferente forma de mirar entre hombres y mujeres y la atención invertida en el pavimento se correlaciona con ciertos adjetivos. El tercer experimento se enfoca en anticipar la preferencia o gusto por medio de la visión, contrastada con la valoración de los estímulos expuestos. Se generaron una serie de isotipos y juguetes con tres dimensiones estéticas. Este experimento se compone de dos partes: (1) usar una metodología de evaluación centrada en una distribución de estímulos con una composición particular para una elección por visión. (2) Cada estímulo utilizado en la primera parte, se valoró por medio de una escala de gusto para determinar cuál era el más gustado. Los resultados encontrados describen dos aspectos del experimento: (1) La visión del participante anticipa una elección subconsciente hasta 1.5 segundos antes de la elección consciente de un producto. (2) La percepción de las dimensiones estéticas y su valoración fueron sesgadas por el género. El último experimento plantea un análisis completo con las tres herramientas. La metodología se centra en la captura de los ERPs aplicados a envases de comida saludable. Este experimento posee un grado de complejidad mayor que los anteriores, al plantear una cuantificación del proceso cognitivo relacionado con la percepción semántica de un producto. El experimento plantea una comparación de adjetivos (priming) que describen positivamente o negativamente los envases (target). Para esta metodología se categorizaron dos grupos de dos parejas de target Simultáneamente, se hizo una captura de visión por medio del ET para ver que gráficos fueron los más observados durante toda la experimentación. Los resultados para ET, se encontró que las principales zonas de interés observadas en los envases durante el contexto de la evaluación semántica fueron: las fotografías, la información de atributos y la promoción que se añade al envase. Para los ERPs se encontró que la carga semántica positiva era congruente con el envase del producto más saludable (pechuga de pavo) mientras que la carga semántica negativa para el otro (jamón cocido). Para los envases con la etiqueta de promoción se en / [CA] L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és contribuir a l'avaluació emocional del disseny de producte mitjançant les tres eines: diferencials semàntics (DS), Eye-tracking (ET) i Potencials relacionats amb esdeveniments (Event-related Potential, ERP). En conjunt aquestes tres eines validaran les aportacions en quatre experiments. El primer experiment planteja avaluar objectivament una comparació d'un producte real front una versió virtual del mateix. L'experiment planteja dues avaluacions: (1) L'ús de DS per a quantificar elements subjectius per a la comparativa de la botella real i virtual. (2) L'ús de ET per a quantificar les diferències de visualització entre la botella real i la virtual. Els resultats obtinguts de les dues eines exposen 3 efectes: (2) Els DS mostren un 70% de similitud entre els dos estímuls. (2) Els DS mostres una diferència en termes de qualitat visual dels estímuls. (3) El mesurament de ET mostra un 66% de similitud de la mirada per als dos estímuls. El segon experiment planteja avaluar la percepció d'un paviment ceràmic en diferents contextos decoratius. Els estímuls generats contenien dos elements: (1) Un escenari on es presentava el mateix paviment ceràmic amb diferents tipus de decoracions. (2) Una escala bipolar d'adjectius descriptius. L'experiment planteja dues avaluacions: (1) L'ús de DS per a quantificar la percepció del paviment dins de les decoracions, amb 9 escales bipolars i 3 escales relacionades amb la decoració. (2) L'ús de ET per a trobar diferències de visualització entre estímuls esbiaixats per la valoració de l'escenari i gènere dels participants. Els resultats oposats per als DS mostren que el paviment ceràmic va ser millor valorat amb adjectius relacionats al concepte de modern dins de l'escenari de decoració moderna. Les dades de ET exposen una diferent forma de mirar entre homes i dones i l'atenció invertida en el paviment es correlaciona concordes amb la decoració utilitzada. El tercer experiment planteja un anticipar la preferència o gust per mitjà de la visió, contrastada amb la valoració dels estímuls exposats. Es van generar una sèrie de isotipus i joguines amb tres dimensions estètiques. Aquest experiment es compon de 2 parts: (1) utilitzar una metodologia d'avaluació centrada en una distribució d'estímuls amb una composició particular per a una elecció per visió. (2) Cada estímul utilitzat en la primera part, es va valorar per mitjà d'una escala de gust per a determinar quin era el més agradat. Els resultats oposats descriuen dos aspectes de l'experiment: (1) La visió del participant anticipa una elecció subconscient fins a 1.5 segons abans de l'elecció conscient d'un producte. (2) La percepció de les dimensions estètiques i la seua valoració van ser esbiaixades pel gènere. L'últim experiment se centra en la captura dels ERPs aplicats a envasos de menjar saludable (pernil cuit i pit de pollastre). Aquest experiment posseeix un grau de complexitat major que els anteriors, en plantejar una quantificació del procés cognitiu relacionat amb la percepció semàntica d'un producte. L'experiment planteja una comparació d'adjectius (priming) que descriuen positiva o negativament els envasos (target). Per a aquesta metodologia es van categoritzar dos grups de dues parelles de target (pernil cuit amb pit de pollastre i envàs amb una etiqueta de promoció o sense ella). Simultàniament, es va fer una captura de visió per mitjà del ET per observats elements gràfics. Els resultats obtinguts descriuen diversos aspectes. Per ET, es va trobar que les principals zones d'interès observades en els envasos durant el context de l'avaluació semàntica van ser: Les fotografies, la informació d'atributs i la promoció que s'afig a l'envàs. Per ERPs es va trobar que la càrrega semàntica positiva era congruent amb l'envàs del producte més saludable (pit de pollastre). Per als envasos amb l'etiqueta de promoció es va trobar que la / Rojas López, JC. (2016). Contribución a la evaluación emocional en el diseño de productos mediante la integración de tecnologías de seguimiento de la mirada (Eye-tracking), diferenciales semánticos y potenciales evocados (ERPs) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/66140

This thesis presents the development of a double-side cooled 3.3 kV, 100 A SiC MOSFET phase-leg power module for heavy-duty traction applications. Parasitic extraction and thermal simulations of the module showed a parasitic inductance of 2.89 nH and junction temperature of 108.3 °C at a heat flux of 156 W/cm² under a typical water-cooling condition. Electric field simulations identified high electric field stress at the module's outer surface edges exposed to air, posing a risk for partial discharge. To mitigate this risk, a solution that involves covering the critical point in an epoxy was proposed, analyzed, and validated through partial discharge inception voltage tests. Steps for fabricating the module are presented. Static electrical characterization of the fabricated module showed an average on-resistance of 31 mΩ and an average leakage current of 356 nA at VDS of 3 kV, which are similar to those of the unpackaged devices. The module with a double-side cooling design achieved an exceptional power density of 116.6 kW/cm³, more than twice that of any single-side cooled 3.3 kV SiC module. This makes it highly suitable for next-generation electric transportation systems that require high power density and efficient thermal management, such as electric trucks, railways, and eVTOL aircraft. / Master of Science / This thesis presents the development of a highly efficient and compact power module designed for electric vehicles and other high power applications. By utilizing advanced silicon carbide technology and double-side cooling structure, the module achieves outstanding performance, making it ideal for heavy-duty uses such as electric trucks, railways, and eVTOL aircraft. The module operates at 3.3 kV and 100 A, with low electrical losses and excellent thermal management. Extensive simulations and testing demonstrated that the module significantly reduced unwanted electrical effects and maintained a stable temperature under high power conditions. An epoxy coating was applied to critical areas to prevent electrical discharge, enhancing the module's reliability. The fabrication process incorporated packaging techniques like silver-sintering for attaching the semiconductor chips and other components, resulting in strong and reliable connections. Static tests confirmed that the electrical performance of the packaged power module maintained consistently high efficiency compared with the bare chips. Overall, this double-side cooled power module offers more than twice the power density of traditional designs, paving the way for the development of future electric vehicle traction systems that require high power density and efficient cooling.