Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-97) and index.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Year of submission from cover: 1997. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 180-214).

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Year of submission from cover: 1997. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 180-214) Also available in print.

No description available.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2004.

A dor pós-operatória é um fenômeno complexo, multidimensional e subjetivo, tanto para a criança quanto para os profissionais de saúde que lidam com ela. Seu manejo constitui-se em desafio, principalmente quando está ligado à dor em crianças, com suas particularidades do desenvolvimento infantil. Buscando contribuir com a discussão a respeito do manejo da dor pela equipe de enfermagem, o objetivo do presente estudo é compreender como os profissionais de enfermagem lidam com o manejo da dor em criança, no pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia cardíaca. O estudo é de natureza descritivo-exploratória, com abordagem metodológica qualitativa. Participaram do estudo vinte e três profissionais de enfermagem, sendo seis enfermeiros, três técnicos de enfermagem e quatorze auxiliares de enfermagem. A principal técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. A observação das atividades desses profissionais na enfermaria, relacionadas ao manejo da dor da criança, e a coleta de dados no prontuário da criança foram as técnicas usadas para complementar os dados provenientes das entrevistas. Na análise de conteúdo, os dados permitiram a compreensão de como os profissionais de enfermagem manejam a dor da criança, no pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia cardíaca. No contexto em que o manejo da dor da criança ocorre, a presença da mãe e a comunicação entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem e entre esses e a mãe mostraram-se como elementos essenciais para um adequado manejo da dor da criança. O estudo mostrou que os profissionais de enfermagem avaliam a dor por meio de parâmetros comportamentais e fisiológicos, atentando-se para as fases do desenvolvimento da criança, da mesma forma em que buscam superar as dificuldades impostas na avaliação da dor de crianças menores. Utilizaram a intervenção farmacológica para o alívio da dor como primeira escolha; a não-farmacológica também se constituiu em estratégia para o alívio da dor, porém em menor proporção. Dando continuidade ao processo, os participantes mencionaram reavaliar a dor da criança, após a utilização da intervenção de alívio escolhido, e registrar os procedimentos realizados. Os dados provenientes das observações demonstraram a utilização de intervenções não-farmacológicas para o alívio da dor, os quais não são rotineiramente registrados nos prontuários das crianças. Alguns desafios foram apontados pelos profissionais de enfermagem para o manejo da dor da clientela pesquisada. Os resultados do estudo possibilitaram identificar, no contexto pesquisado, aspectos do processo do manejo da dor em crianças, no pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia cardíaca, que necessitam ser aprimorados, objetivando a melhoria do cuidado prestado a essa clientela. / Postoperative pain is a complex, multidimensional and subjective phenomenon, for children as well as for health professionals. Its management is a challenge, mainly when related to pain in children, whose development has particular characteristics. In an attempt to contribute to the discussion about pain management by the nursing team, this study aims to understand how nursing professionals deal with pain management in children during the late postoperative period of heart surgery. This is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative methodological approach. Study participants were twenty-three nursing professionals, including six nurses, three nursing technicians and fourteen nursing auxiliaries. The main data collection technique was through semistructured interviews. To complement data from the interviews, these professionals? activities related to pain management in children were observed at the ward and data were collected from the children?s files. In content analysis, data permitted an understanding of how nursing professionals manage the child?s pain in the late postoperative period after heart surgery. The context in which the pain occurs, the mother?s presence and communication among nursing team members and between professionals and the mother revealed to be essential elements for the adequate management of the child?s pain. The study showed that nursing professionals assess pain through behavioral and physiological parameters, paying attention to the child?s development phases and attempting to overcome the difficulties imposed by pain assessment in younger children. The pharmacological intervention is their first choice for pain relief; the non-pharmacological intervention is another strategy for pain relief, although to a lesser extent. To continue the process, the participants mentioned that they reassess the child?s pain after using the chosen relief method and register the procedures they performed. Observation data demonstrate the use of non-pharmacological intervention for pain relief, which are not routinely registered in the children?s files. The nursing professionals indicate a number of challenges for pain management in the clientele under study. The study results made it possible to identify, in the study context, aspects of the pain management process in children during the late postoperative period after heart surgery that need to be improved, with a view to a better care delivery to these clients.

Tian, Yuanyuan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-124). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

<p>Smärta är ett fenomen som inte bara påverkar patienter fysiskt utan även psykiskt. Kvinnor som genomgått mastektomi upplever att smärta påverkar deras livskvalité. Humörsvängningar, dålig sömn, depression, ångest och rörelsehinder är vanligt förekommande symtom som följd på postoperativ smärta. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa vad sjuksköterskan kan ge för olika behandlingar och omvårdnadsåtgärder vid smärta efter mastektomi. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där författarna granskade sexton vetenskapliga studier. Resultat: Resultatet i studien visade att god kommunikation, information och sjuksköterskans kunskap är grundförutsättningar för att kunna ge adekvat smärtbehandling. Oro förstärker den postoperativa smärtan och genom att i ett tidigt stadium få patienten trygg kan depression och ångest undvikas. Konkreta behandlingsmetoder med god effekt på smärta som framkommer i studien är individuella rehabiliteringsprogram, PCA pump och att tidig hemgång i många fall bidrar till bättre livskvalité. Det som även framkom i studien var avsaknaden av forskning kring konkreta behandlingsmetoder trots att efterfrågan är stor.</p> / <p>Pain is a phenomenon which not only affects patients physically but also mentally. Women who have undergone mastectomy feel that pain affects their quality of life. Mood swings, poor sleep, depression, anxiety and physical impairments are common symptoms that result in postoperative pain. The purpose: The purpose of this study was to illustrate what different treatments and nursing treatments the nurse can give in pain after mastectomy. Method: The study was conducted as a literature study where the authors examined sixteen scientific studies. Results: The results of the study showed that good communication, information, and the nurse's knowledge are vital to be able to provide adequate pain treatment. Concern reinforces the post-operative pain, and through early secures the patients anxiety and depression can be avoided. Concrete treatment methods with good effect on the pain that emerges in this study are individual rehabilitation, PCA pump, and that early outcomes in many cases contributes to a better quality of life. What also emerged in the study was the lack of research into practical treatments, despite high demand.</p>

Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in children and youths. The aim of this thesis was to study children and youths in relation to tonsil surgery with the goal of improving the care, and to describe partial tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy (TT) using radiofrequency technique (RF) (Ellman International) in comparison with the more commonly used total tonsillectomy (TE). The thesis covers studies of wo age-groups with obstructive problems, with or without recurrent tonsillitis. Randomization to surgery was done from the existing waiting list; 92 children, 5-15 years old to 49/TT and 43/TE, (I-III) and 76 youths, 16-25 years old to 32/TT and 44/TE (IV-V). The first purpose (I, IV) was to compare the two surgical techniques with respect to pain and postoperative morbidity. Pain measures were for the children the Face Pain Scale and for the youths and parents and staff a verbal-pain-rating-scale. From the first day, the TT-groups scored significantly less pain than the TE-groups. The doses of pain-killing drugs (paracetamol and diclofenac) taken were significantly less for the children and youths receiving the TT-surgery, they could stop taking pain-killers sooner, and were back to normal activity three (5-15yrs) or four (16-25yrs) days earlier compared with TE-groups. Paper II focused on the child’s behavior (Child Behavior Checklist/CBCL), experience of pain, anxiety (State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory for Children /STAIC), previous experiences of surgery/tonsillitis, and the management of pain. The children scored higher on CBCL than a normative group before surgery, but no connection was observed between CBCL rating and experience of pain reported post surgically. There was no relation between preoperative anxiety and reported pain, but the postoperative anxiety level correlated with pain. The Egroup scored higher anxiety after surgery. Previous experience of surgery or tonsillitis did not influence the postoperative pain. The nurses scored pain lower than the parents/children and under-medicated. The second purpose was to compare the long-term effects of TT and TE-surgery after one and three years (5-15yrs) and one year (16-25yrs) (III, IV). The effect on snoring was the same for both TT and TE-groups and the rate of recurrence of throat infections was low after both surgical techniques. After one year, all children (TT/TE) showed improvements on CBCL to the same degree and there was no longer a difference between total behavior and normative values. They also scored improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) with Glasgow-Children-Benefit-Inventory. For both TT and TE, the older group reported lower HRQL preoperatively on all dimensions of Study-Short-Form (SF-36) compared with a normal population. After one year, a large improvement was found in HRQL in both groups and there were no differences compared with a normal population. Conclusion: Preoperative obstructive problems, in combination with recurrent tonsillitis have a negative impact on HRQL. Both after TE and TT there are large improvements in HRQL, infections, obstructive, and behavior problems one to three years after surgery, indicating that both surgical methods are equally effective. With fewer postoperative complications, less pain, shorter recovery time, and lower cost, TT with RF should be considered as method of choice.