Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Higher Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-38). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR31977

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-177).

Thesis (M.Ost.)--Unitec New Zealand, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-53).

Thesis (doctoral)--La Salle University, 2004. / ProQuest dissertations and theses ; AAT 3139152. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-32).

Orientadores: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa, Antonio Bento Alves de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T21:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hafner-Cirne_MayluBotta_D.pdf: 1746257 bytes, checksum: 3d8dcd93c3bc4ff9b417f15750fa1c3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do oferecimento prévio de informações técnicas e sensoriais na percepção e respostas de dor dos pacientes submetidos à exodontia. Participaram deste estudo 145 pacientes, com idade entre 14 e 24 anos, que necessitavam de exodontia de, pelo menos, um terceiro molar em sessão odontológica. Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em três diferentes grupos (Controle - GC, Experimental Técnico - GET e Experimental Sensorial - GES). O planejamento experimental foi subdividido em 6 momentos: Pré-cirúrgico, Pós-cirúrgico I, II, III, IV e Remoção de Sutura. No Pré-cirúrgico foi aplicada uma entrevista inicial com questões abertas e fechadas sobre hábitos de saúde, experiência cirúrgica e uso de medicamentos, bem como aplicação dos questionários e escalas de dor e apresentação de um vídeo informativo (somente para os grupos experimentais). Nos momentos Pós-cirúrgico II III e IV ocorreu a aplicação do Questionário de Dor McGill e da Escala VAS de Funcionalidades, sendo que nesses momentos o paciente respondeu aos instrumentos em casa. No momento de remoção de sutura foram recolhidos os instrumentos de avaliação e foi aplicada uma avaliação do vídeo informativo. A partir das avaliações e entrevistas puderam ser identificadas alterações que podem ser atribuídas à apresentação de informação prévia e, consequentemente, variação na percepção de dor do paciente em relação ao GC. Tanto os pacientes que receberam informações técnicas, como os que receberam informações sensoriais relataram menores escores de dor ao longo do pós-operatório. No entanto, mesmo com relatos de baixa percepção de dor, todos os pacientes ingeriram quantidades similares de analgésicos no pós-operatório. É importante destacar que a maior parte dos pacientes experimentais relatou a experiência de receber informações detalhadas como positivas / Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the previous offering technical and sensory information to perception and pain responses of patients undergoing third molar extraction. The study included 145 patients, aged 14 and 24, who needed extraction of at least one third molar. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (Control - CG, Technical - TG and Sensory - SG). The experimental design was divided into six phases: Pre-surgical, post-surgical I, II, III, IV and suture removal. In the Pre-Surgical was applied an initial interview with open and closed questions about health habits, surgical experience and use of medicines as well as the questionnaires, pain scales and presenting an informative video (for the experimental groups). In the post-surgical moments II III and IV was the application of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and VAS scale features, and the patient responded to the instruments at home. At the time of suture removal the assessment tools were collected and applied an assessment of the informative video. From the reviews and interviews have been identified changes that could be attributed to the presentation of prior information and hence variation in the perception of the patient's pain compared to CG. Both patients who received technical information, such as receiving sensory information reported lower pain scores throughout the postoperative period. However, even with low pain perception reported, all patients ate similar amounts of analgesics postoperative. Importantly, most of the experimental subjects reported the experience of receiving detailed information as positive / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutora em Odontologia

There is a growing literature supporting the idea that those who engage in non-suicidal deliberate self-harm (DSH) have altered pain perception compared to individuals who do not. For example, individuals who report a history of non-suicidal DSH behavior have a decreased sensitivity to transient pain during laboratory-based pain induction (e.g., Glenn et al., 2014). Research suggests that brief manipulations targeting individual beliefs can affect performance on subsequent tasks, including measures of pain sensitivity. To date, however, no study has examined the effects of experimentally manipulated pain perception on DSH behavior. The Self-Aggression Paradigm (SAP: Berman & Walley, 2003; McCloskey & Berman, 2003) allows for the prospective observation of the effects of experimental manipulations on a laboratory analogue of DSH. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine if experimentally manipulated false feedback about pain tolerance affects DSH behavior during the SAP, thus potentially providing evidence for a causal linkage between pain perception and DSH. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to one of three feedback groups: High pain tolerance, low pain tolerance, and a control condition with neutral feedback provided after completing the SAP. Participants were provided false feedback regarding their pain tolerance after a pressure algometer task. It was predicted that participants in the high pain tolerance feedback groupwould have the highest DSH on the SAP, with DSH defined as the level of shock self-administered during a series of reaction-time trials. No significant group differences, however, emerged based on group assignment. Men engaged in more DSH than women during the study independent of feedback group assignment. A secondary aim of the current study was to provide further validation for the SAP using multiple pain induction modalities. Implications of the current findings and future research directions are discussed.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate cognitive functioning in a group of 30 chronic pain patients (CPG) as compared to a group of 39 acute pain patients (APG). In order to assess cognitive performance, certain subtests were selected from the McCarron-Dial System (MDS) of Neuropsychological Evaluation. Specifically, a measure of haptic discrimination was used along with the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test. As such, completion of these subtests required a cortically mediated, central nervous system processing of sensory information. This particular method of assessment was chosen because it provided a nonverbal measure of higher-order cognitive performance. Additionally, the haptic measure provided separate scores for right and left hemispheric functioning. Data analysis revealed significantly poorer Bender performance among CPG members (t(69) = -5.09, E - •0004, two tailed). Further data analysis revealed that the CPG performed significantly poorer on certain of the haptic discrimination subtests. Specifically, both texture and configuration scores for the right hemisphere were significantly lower among CPG members (texture, p = -042 and configuration, p = .002). Subsequent analyses were conducted to determine predictive relationships between important variables. These data are discussed in terms of their clinical significance and importance for future research.

Le vieillissement s’accompagne de changements de la perception de la douleur, avec notamment des modifications des seuils de douleur. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de déterminer les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces changements. Nous nous sommes basés sur l’étude de deux indicateurs : des données psychophysiques (i.e., jugements perceptifs) et des mesures électrophysiologiques. Nos premiers tests ont confirmé une diminution de la douleur perçue chez les séniors. Une série de 4 expérimentations nous a ensuite permis de montrer que l'augmentation du seuil de douleur chez les séniors avait à la fois une origine périphérique (i.e., atteinte des fibres sensorielles) et centrale (i.e., modification cérébrale). Au niveau périphérique, nous avons montré que seules les fibres myélinisées (fibres A delta) semblent altérées par le vieillissement. Au niveau central, nos résultats vont dans le sens d'un seuil de douleur augmenté en raison d'un déficit attentionnel chez les séniors. / Non-pathological ageing is often associated with changes in pain perception and especially with changes in pain thresholds. The aim of this thesis was to determine the underlying mechanisms of these changes. We analyzed two complementary indicators: psychophysical data, by the means of perceptual judgments, and electrophysiological measurements. Our first tests confirmed a decrease of older subjects' perceived pain, compared to that of younger adults. A series of 4 experiments further allowed us to show that the increase in older adults' pain threshold has both a peripheral (i.e., impairment of peripheral sensory fibers) and a central (i.e., modifications at a cerebral level) origin. At the peripheral level, we found that only myelinated fibers (i.e., A-delta fibers) seem to be affected by ageing. At a central level, our results indicate that the increase in pain thresholds is due to difficulties in allocating attentional resources to the stimulation in the elderly.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity status of healthy adult males (N = 59) while in a coping strategy condition (association, disassociation, or control) influences psychophysiological responses to an acute painful stimulus. Measures of pain tolerance, state anxiety, body awareness, and salivary cortisol were investigated. Results indicated no significant differences between physical activity groups for pain tolerance, stress responses (i.e., self-reported state anxiety and cortisol levels), or body awareness. Though, those who indicated using a disassociation coping technique during the exit interview tolerated the acute, surface pain longer. More research is required to further understand the effects of physical activity and coping strategies on pain perception and psychophysiological responses.

Smärta är ett komplext fenomen och upplevelsen av smärta är högst subjektiv. Hur smärta upplevs påverkas av en rad faktorer där bland annat emotionella och kognitiva processer spelar en central roll för smärtupplevelsen. I sitt arbete möter sjuksköterskan både patienter med smärta, men också patienter som ska genomgå smärtsamma behandlingar. Av denna anledning ses det som betydelsefullt att lyfta fram den psykologiska aspekten av smärta. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa psykologiska aspekterna av smärta med fokus på kognitioners och emotioners inverkan på smärtupplevelsen, i relation till patientens omvårdnad. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades. Resultatet visade att känslor som ängslan, rädsla och oro, liksom tankar, förväntningar och tolkningar hade betydelse för hur patienter upplevde smärta. Av hänsyn till detta resultat ses det som viktigt att sjuksköterskan känner till och tar dessa faktorer i beaktande vid mötet med patienten då de är av stor betydelse för hur patienten kommer att uppleva sin smärta. Forskningen bör i vidare utsträckning undersöka sambandet mellan psykologiska faktorer och smärtupplevelse. Det är även önskvärt att studier utförda med kvalitativ metod implementeras i forskningen, då detta kan skapa en djupare förståelse för fenomenet smärtupplevelse. Att få ökade kunskaper om individens tankar, uppfattningar och erfarenheter är av största intresse eftersom smärtupplevelsen är subjektiv. / Pain is a complex phenomenon and the experience of pain is highly subjective. How pain is experienced is influenced by a number of factors that include emotional and cognitive processes, proved to be crucial for the perception of pain. In their everyday work, nurses meet both patients with pain, as well as patients about to undergo painful treatments. For this reason, it is important to highlight the psychological aspects of pain. The purpose of this study was to elucidate psychological aspects of pain, focusing on cognitive and emotional effects of pain perception in relation to patient care. The study was conducted as a literature review where 15 scientific articles were reviewed and analyzed. The results showed that emotions such as anxiety and fear, as well as thoughts, expectations and interpretations were factors contributing in how patients explained pain. Considering these results, it is important that nurses take these factors into account when interacting with patients, as they are of great importance for the experience of pain. Research should further examine the relationship between psychological factors and pain perception. It is also desirable that qualitative studies are implemented in research, as this may gain a deeper understanding about the phenomenon of pain perception. As the perception of pain is subjective, an increased knowledge in an individual's thoughts, perceptions and experiences are of great interest.