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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 315 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-211). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

The Western European Variscan orogenic belt is thought to represent the final in a series of Paleozoic continental collisions that culminated with the amalgamation of the supercontinent Pangea. The Iberian segment of the Variscan belt is characterized by Cantabrian orocline, which is 180º and convex toward the west. Several lines of evidence are at odds with classical interpretation of the Cantabrian orocline as the core of the much larger ‘Ibero-Armorican’ arc, suggesting instead that it is structurally continuous with a second more southerly and complimentary orocline. Paleocurrent data collected from the Lower Ordovician Armorican Quartzite of the deformed Iberian Paleozoic passive margin sequence confirm the existence of the so-called Central Iberian orocline. Structural continuity between the Cantabrian and Central Iberian oroclines suggests that they formed contemporaneously and in the same fashion. Mesoscale vertical-axis folds deforming slaty cleavage and shear fabric within the Ediacaran Narcea Slates have a dominant vergence toward the hinge of the Cantabrian orocline, suggesting that its formation was in part accommodated by a mechanism of flexural shear during buckling of a linear belt in response to an orogen parallel principle compressive stress. The Cantabrian-Central Iberian coupled oroclines therefore palinspastically restore to an originally linear belt 2300 km in length. Provenance analysis of detrital zircons sampled from the Armorican Quartzite along a 1500-km-long segment of the palinplastically restored Iberian passive margin indicate that it originated in a paleogeographic position stretching east-west along the northern limits of north African Gondwana, from the Arabian-Nubian Shield to the Saharan hinterland. Paleomagnetic data and the distribution of Variscan ophiolites support a model of mid-Paleozoic separation of the Variscan autochthon (Armorican continental ribbon) from north Gondwana preceding or in conjunction with a 90º rotation required to reorient the ribbon to a Late Carboniferous north-south trend. Formation of the Iberian coupled oroclines accommodated 1100 km of orogen parallel shortening. The Western European Variscan belt, North American Cordillera, and Eastern European Alpine system are orogens similarly characterized by both coupled oroclines and paleomagnetic inclinations that are significantly shallower than cratonic reference values. Palinspastic restoration of the Alaskan and Carpathian–Balkan coupled oroclines fully resolves inclination anomalies within the Cordillera and Eastern Alpine system, respectively. Inclination anomalies within the Iberian Variscan belt are only partially resolved through palinspastic restoration of the Iberian coupled oroclines, but the sinuous geometry of the belt is not yet fully deciphered. Oroclines within the Western European Variscan belt, not the orogen itself, provide the true record of Pangean amalgamation. / Graduate

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Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-08-05T19:14:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 39d.pdf: 18221869 bytes, checksum: 927f68bde4d52da7f5c91a586fcb87f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T19:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 39d.pdf: 18221869 bytes, checksum: 927f68bde4d52da7f5c91a586fcb87f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A região costeira do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul é constituída por uma extensa faixa de terras baixas e arenosas dominadas pela ação de ondas, deriva litorânea e demais correntes induzidas por ondas, além da forte ação do vento. O presente estudo teve por objetivo relacionar e detalhar a dinâmica de formação de um antigo ambiente praial localizado em áreas de duas jazidas de areia no município de Osório (RS). A região está inserida na parte norte da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, no Sistema Barreira III, de idade pleistocênica (120 a 125 ka). Este sistema contém depósitos de foreshore e shoreface recobertos por sedimentos eólicos. Na região, há um registro significativo de estruturas sedimentares biogênicas marinhas e não marinhas que permitiram demarcar com clareza os depósitos praiais. Além da análise de fácies e processos sedimentares, os dados de paleocorrentes permitiram inferir a paleolinha de praia da Barreira III na região de Osório (RS), traçando um comparativo com o atual regime de ondas, correntes e ventos que atuam na região litorânea do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / The coastal region of Rio Grande do Sul consists of a long track of low and sandy dominated by the action of waves, littoral drift and other currents induced by waves as well as the wind strong action. The present study had the objective of relating and specifying the formation dynamics of an ancient beach environment located in the area of two sand mines in the two of Osório, in Rio Grande do Sul. The region is inside the north part of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul (Planície Costeira do RS), in Barrier System III, of pleistocenic age (120 to 125 ky). This system contains foreshore and shoreface deposits covered by eolian sediments. In the region, there is a significant register of marine and non-marine biogenic sedimentar strutures that allowed to mark clearly the marine deposits. Besides the analysis of facies and sedimentary processes, paleocurrent data allow infer the beach paleoline of Barrier III in the region of Osório (RS), making a comparison with the present regime of waves, currents and winds that act in the coastal region of Rio Grande do Sul.

The outcrops Praia de Japaratinga, Barreiras do Boqueirão and Morro de Camaragibe, Alagoas sub-basin, are located in the cities of Japaratinga and Passo de Camaragibe, northern state of Alagoas. These exposures show facies of the deposits of a fluvial-deltaic-turbidity system, until now attributed to Maceió Formation, Lower Aptian age. Their facies characterize deposits of catastrophic flows with SW dominant paleocurrent, that are cuted by streams channeled oblique paleocurrent the last, about to SE, indicating at least the existence of two distinct sources areas. This study aimed to indicate the source of these sediments joining stratigraphy, petrography, whole rock geochemistry and geochronology of detrital zircon via LA-ICP-MS data. Both geochemical whole rock, as the geochronology of zircons showed different chemistry and age patterns for facies paleocurrent SW regarding the facies of SE paleocurrent. The detrital zircon ages found in the samples, although. indicate origin of the Borborema Province, there was a predominance of Neoproterozoic age crystals for the SW Paleocurrent facies, and Neoproterozoic ages with contribution of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic terranes for facies paleocurrent SE. Regarding the stratigraphic position of the studied outcrops, it was used palynology in siltstones and shales for obtaining depositional age. The presence of pollen species Sergipea tenuiverrucata is indicative of Upper Aptian age for the rich black shales in conchostracans and fish fragments present in the top section of the outcrop Barreiras do Boqueirão. This age puts such outcrops stratigraphically above the Maceió Formation, considered deposited in Aptian Lower to Middle. / Os afloramentos Praia de Japaratinga, Barreiras do Boqueirão e Morro de Camaragibe, sub-bacia de Alagoas, estão localizados nos municípios de Japaratinga e Passo de Camaragibe, ao norte do Estado de Alagoas. Essas exposições exibem fácies de depósitos de um sistema flúvio-deltaico-turbidítico, até então atribuídos à Formação Maceió, de idade eoptiana. As fácies caracterizadas nesses afloramentos compõem depósitos de fluxos gravitacionais catastróficos com duas direções principais de paleocorrentes: uma dominante para SW, a qual tem seus estratos em parte erodidos por fluxos canalizados com paleocorrente de direção SE, indicando no mínimo a existência de duas áreas fontes distintas. Este trabalho objetivou indicar a proveniência desses sedimentos unindo dados de análise faciológica, petrografia, palinologia, geoquímica de rocha total e geocronologia em zircão detrítico via LA-ICP-MS. O posicionamento estratigráfico dos afloramentos estudados, foi utilizada a palinologia em siltitos e folhelhos para obtenção de idade deposicional. A presença de pólen da espécie Sergipea tenuiverrucata, indicativa de idade eoaptiana, para os folhelhos negros ricos em conchostráceos e fragmentos de peixes, presentes no topo da seção no afloramento Barreiras do Boqueirão. Essa idade coloca tais afloramento estratigraficamente acima da Formação Maceió, considerada como depositada entre o Eoaptiano e Mesoaptiano. No tocante à proveniência, tanto a geoquímica de rocha total, quanto a geocronologia dos zircões mostraram assinaturas distintas para as duas principais direções de paleocorrentes. As idades de zircão detrítico encontradas nas amostras estudadas apontam a Província Borborema como área fonte. Duas frequências distintas de idades foram caracterizadas: o predomínio de cristais com idades neoproterozóicas para a fácies de paleocorrentes SW, e de idades neoproterozóicas com contribuição de terrenos paleoproterozóicos e mesoproterozóicos para a fácies de paleocorrente SE.

This diploma thesis presents a synthesis of fieldwork and well-log data of the Upper- Turonian sandstone bodies in the northwestern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. There was no previous research based on method of the sequence stratigraphy and correlation well-logs. I made 13 measured sedimentological cross-sections that were correlated to stratigraphical cross section along depositional dip and strike. Structures of the Upper Turonian sandstones (genetic sequences TUR 5 - 7) are dominated by trough cross bedding that migrate on a slightly inclined delta slope (1 - 5ř). The main direction of paleocurrents is towards SE or E. The analysis of thicknesses of parasequences (for TUR 4 - TUR 7) gives trend of thinning parasequences through time. Increasing content of the potassium is evident within sequences TUR 4 to TUR 7. It is independent on the grain-size, but indicates rapid transport from the source area.

Almost all sandstone beds occurring in the Upper Miocene formations at the Los Angeles basin were deposited by turbidity currents. Primary textures and structures indicative of turbidites occur in fair abundance throughout all three Upper Miocene formations. All accessible outcrops of the Puente, Modelo, and Upper Miocene portion of the Monterey and Capistrano Formations were scrutinized for sandstone beds containing primary sedimentary structures. Through study of these structures, the direction of current movement was determined. The pattern of current movement displayed reveals that sediment was being transported into the Los Angeles basin from all sides. Current directions and mineralogic studies indicate that essentially three source areas were supplying sediment into the basin. These source areas are 1) the San Gabriel Mountains, 2) an area to the east of the Santa Ana Mountains, and 3) a ridge of metamorphic rock paralleling the present coast line. The majority of sediment was derived from an area in the San Gabriel Mountains located northeast or the basin. This is evidenced by the fact that the thickness, grain size, and total sand content of the Upper Miocene units decrease southwestward across the basin.

The Dakota Group surrounding Las Vegas, New Mexico, consists of three units: 1) a basal, predominately trough cross-stratified, conglomeratic sandstone, 2) middle intercalated, thin-bedded sandstone and carbonaceous shale, and 3) upper, predominately tabular-planar cross-stratified, sandstone containing trace fossils. These units represent, respectively, 1) a fluvial piedmont plain, 2) fluvial coastal plain, and 3) a beach, littoral, and shallow marine complex. The cross-stratification in the lower sandstone unit indicates an easterly paleoslope. The cross-stratification in the upper sandstone unit has a bimodal distribution almost at right angles to the paleoslope, suggesting deposition by longshore currents. The standard deviation of the cross-stratification in the lower sandstone unit of 78° is typical of fluvial deposits. The standard deviation in the upper sandstone unit of 97° indicates a marine origin.