Orientador: Paulo José Rocha de Albuquerque / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonMogrovejo_DaphneRossana_M.pdf: 4385397 bytes, checksum: b52cd5308d53999c5da0e03e10716987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho verificou-se a hipótese de que as fibras dispersas de papel Kraft, provenientes da reciclagem de sacos de cimento, podem ser utilizadas como estabilizante para melhorar as características e propriedades dos solos, por meio da análise do comportamento da mistura solo com fibras de polpa de celulose extraídas de sacos de cimento com três teores de fibra (5%, 10% e 15%) e dois tipos de solos (arenoso e argiloso). Não obstante, avaliou-se preliminarmente a influência desta adição nas características da água proveniente de uma possível percolação pelos solos, tendo em vista a possibilidade de contaminação do subsolo. Após realizar ensaios de laboratório (caracterização, compactação, permeabilidade e resistência) a partir de amostras deformadas, realizaram-se análises comparativas com as misturas. Constatou-se uma melhoria no desempenho das misturas quanto à resistência ao cisalhamento em ambos os solos, sendo observado melhor desempenho para o solo argiloso. Entretanto, verificou-se nas águas coletadas das misturas a partir de ensaios de permeabilidade, a tendência de aumento de condutividade elétrica, demanda química de oxigênio e dureza total quando comparados às águas dos dois solos sem fibra. Para verificar a validade dos resultados, realizaram-se análises estatísticas através do teste de Dunnett / Abstract: In this study was verified the hypothesis that the dispersed Kraft paper's fibers, resulted from the recycling process of cement bags, can be used as stabilizer in order to improve the characteristics and properties of soils, by analyzing of the behavior of mixture soil with cellulose pulp fibers extracted of cement bags with three fiber contents (5%, 10% and 15%) and two types of soils (sandy and clay). However, it was evaluated preliminarily the influence of this addition on the characteristics of water from a possible percolation through the soil, in view of the possibility of contamination of the subsoil After performing laboratorial experiments (physical characterization, compaction, permeability and resistance) from disturbed samples, were performed comparative analyses with the mixtures. It was noted an improvement in the performance of the mixtures when regarding shear resistance in both soils, and was observed even better performance in the clay soil. However, the collected samples of the mixtures from permeability tests presented a tendency of increased of electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand and total hardness when compared to the waters of the two soils without fiber. Statistical analyzes were performed to check the validity of the results using Dunnett test / Mestrado / Geotecnia / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

Denna studie undersöker konsumenternas beteende vid köp av bärkassar i livsmedelsbutiker. Konsumtionen av bärkassar är ett problem på flera sätt, denna rapport kommer undersöka konsumenternas kunskap om resurs och energiåtgång vid tillverkning, miljömedvetet beteende och konsumenternas förslag till beteendeförändring vid konsumtion av bärkassar. Syftet är att undersöka om kunskap får konsumenten att agera på ett visst sätt. För att kunna utföra arbetet har en enkätundersökning utförts, både i en vald ICA butik och på Facebook. Enkäten innehöll frågor om konsumtionen, som till exempel vad konsumenterna brukar köpa för bärkasse och hur ofta. Även hur konsumenten tagit sig till butiken är av intresse likaväl konsumentens tidigare kunskaper om resursåtgång vid tillverkning kommer att frågas efter. Sist kommer konsumentens inställning till ett infört förbud efterfrågas och vad som skulle kunna få personen att minska sin egen konsumtion. Studien har kommit fram till att det inte finns några kunskapsskillnader mellan de som köper och de som inte köper bärkassar. Det finns alltså ett value-action gap, konsumenten är medveten om att konsumtionen inte är hållbar men agerar inte utefter sin kunskap. Det mest effektiva sättet att minska konsumtionen anses därmed inte vara bättre kunskap om miljöpåverkan. Istället föredras ett förbud mot plastpåsar baserade på olja. Följaktligen borde butiker endast erbjuda miljökassar och de svenska papperspåsarna. Relativt få av de som deltagit i enkäten är mot ett förbud av engångsbärkassar och eftersom även konsumtionen av miljökassar och svenska papperspåsar har en negativ miljöpåverkan är också minskad konsumtion av alla dessa att föredra. Detta kan åstadkommas med ett ökat pris. / This study examines consumers’ behavior in the purchase of grocery bags in food stores. Consumption of all types of bags is a problem in several ways, and this report will examine consumers’ knowledge about resource and energy use in manufacturing, pro-environmental behavior and consumers’ suggestions to behavioral change while purchasing grocery bags. The purpose is to investigate whether knowledge causes the consumer to act in a certain way. To achieve the purpose, a survey was conducted, both in a selected ICA store and on Facebook. The survey contained questions about consumption such as, what bag consumers usually buy and how often. Even how the consumer went to the store is of interest as well as the costumers’ knowledge previous to the study regarding resource utilization in manufacturing. Lastly, the consumers’ attitude towards a potential ban was asked for, as well as what could make the person reduce his or her own consumption. The study found that there is no difference in knowledge between those who buy bags and those who do not. This leads to the conclusion that there is a value-action gap, one is aware that the consumption is not sustainable, but one does not act according to his or her knowledge. Thus, the most effective way of reducing consumption is not considered to be a better knowledge of environmental impact. Instead, a ban on plastic bags based on oil is preferred. Hence, environmental bags and Swedish paper bags would be more promising options. Relatively few of those who participated in the survey are against a ban on disposable bags. Because even the consumption of environmental bags and Swedish paper bags has a negative impact on the environment, a reduction of consumption of all bags is therefore preferable. This can be achieved with an increase in price.

A través del presente trabajo de investigación, buscamos sustentar la deseabilidad, viabilidad y rentabilidad del Modelo de Negocio de Innobag Perú, que tiene como objetivo la distribución gratuita de bolsas de papel reciclado con publicidad impresa a bodegas, mini-markets y puestos de mercado en Lima Metropolitana. Innobag Perú busca contribuir con la reducción en el consumo de bolsas plásticas, atacando y aprovechando uno de los principales momentos de uso, generando ahorros en los establecimientos e incrementando la atractividad de nuestro producto. Completamos nuestra propuesta de valor, convirtiendo estas bolsas de papel reciclado en un medio para que las empresas anunciantes publiciten su marca de manera efectiva y directa en un momento de alto uso asegurando la viabilidad de nuestro modelo de negocio. A través de un sondeo realizado entre consumidores, administradores de bodegas, mini-markets y puesto de mercado; y decisores de inversión en publicidad de empresas anunciantes, hemos logrado validar la deseabilidad de nuestro modelo de negocio. Nuestro análisis económico financiero, nos ha permitido validar la rentabilidad del modelo, esperando un VAN de S/ 114,202 y una TIR de 81.26%. / Through this research work, we seek to support the desirability, feasibility and profitability of the Innobag Peru Business Model, which aims to distribute free recycled paper bags with printed advertising to grocery stores, mini-markets and market stalls in Lima. Innobag Peru seeks to contribute to the reduction in the consumption of plastic bags taking advantage of one of the main moments of its use, generating savings for the owners of these establishments and increasing the attractiveness of our product. We complete our value proposition by turning these recycled paper bags into a mean for companies to advertise their brand effectively and directly at a time of high use, ensuring the viability of our business model. Through our market research conducted among consumers, decision makers of investment in advertising as well as managers of grocery stores, mini-markets and market stalls, we have validated the desirability of our business model. Our financial and economic analysis allowed us to validate the profitability of the model, expecting an NPV of S / 114,202 and an IRR of 81.26%. / Trabajo de investigación