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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Autonomic Nerve Activity and Cardiovascular Function in the Chicken Embryo (Gallus gallus)

Onyemaechi, Clinton 12 1900 (has links)
The goal of this study was to build on the historic use of the avian model of development and also to further the knowledge of autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation of cardiovascular function in vertebrates. Vasoactive drugs sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilator and phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor were used to study the correlation of cardiovascular function relationship with nerve activity, both sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal). Additionally, ANG II was used to assess its effects on vagal inhibition. The present study shows that pharmacologically-induced hypertension is associated with a fall in mSNA, indicating that the capacity for sympathetic autonomic cardiovascular regulation is established by late incubation however, late-stage embryonic chickens did not show a significant increase in mSNA during hypotension. The hypotensive response of the embryo was not accompanied by the expected inhibition of vagal discharge; however a slight but insignificant reduction in vagal discharge was noted. When vagal efferent output was isolated, a significant drop in vagal efferent activity was noted in response to hypotension. The present study showed late-stage embryonic chickens lack a vagal response to hypertension in both efferent and sensory limbs. In this study, vagal discharge was reduced from baseline levels in response to Ang II. Collectively, the present study indicates that the lack of a decreased heart rate, in response to increases in Pm caused by Ang II, is due to a central inhibitory action of Ang II on the vagus. Data from the present study suggests that although autonomic interaction with the cardiovascular system in present in late-stage chicken embryos, it is still underdeveloped and possesses a limited capacity.
32

Graded Cerebral Activation to Noise: Behavioral and Cardiovascular Effects

Foster, Paul S. 27 April 2004 (has links)
Research has indicated that the frontal and temporal lobes are involved in the mediation of heart rate and blood pressure. However, whereas these regions of the brain have been identified in the mediation of heart rate and blood pressure, the specific cerebral processes involved in determining the direction and magnitude of change in heart rate and blood pressure has not been adequately addressed. The present paper proposes that changes in the magnitude of cerebral activation between the left and right frontal and temporal lobes is partly that which determines the direction and magnitude of changes in heart rate and blood pressure. The present investigation sought to test part of this proposition, namely, that increasing magnitude of cerebral activity within the right anterior temporal region generates increasing levels of sympathetic control of heart rate and blood pressure and that the right lateral frontal region acts to inhibit sympathetic activity. A total of 45 right handed men, with no history of significant head injury, were exposed to 55 dB, 75 dB, and 90 dB white noise presentations. Right frontal lobe functioning was assessed by performance on the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), with the participants scoring in the lower one-third classified as Low Fluency. Those scoring in the upper one-third were classified as High Fluency. Quantitative electroencephalography, measured at 19 electrodes sites arranged according to the International 10/20 System, as well as heart rate and blood pressure responses to white noise presentation were measured. Although the results failed to support any of the hypotheses concerning the effects of varying intensity of white noise on cardiovascular activity, partial support was found for the hypotheses that varying intensity of white noise would generate differential changes in high beta magnitude between the Low and High Fluency groups. The results are discussed in terms of support for the model being tested. Alternative explanations of the findings are also provided that demonstrate correspondence between the QEEG and cardiovascular data. Finally, limitations of the model and the methods of the present investigation are discussed and suggestions for improvement are provided. / Ph. D.
33

Participação do sistema nervoso parassimpático no metabolismo energético e na proliferação celular em ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos obesos-MSG

Lubaczeuski, Camila 01 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kelly Jaque.pdf: 1788989 bytes, checksum: 65d07041b0d9003d6666dd84d7fee873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-01 / The growing number of overweight and obesity has led to an increase in the number of patients with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. MSG obese rats were glucose intolerant, insulin resistant and theirs pancreatic islets secrete more insulin in response to glucose. Subdiafragmatic vagotomy changes the response of islets to glucose and improves glucose homeostasis, supporting the hypothesis that an unbalance of autonomic nervous system with increased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) action but a decreased sympathetic nervous system function. Studies showed that the PNS is also involved in β-cell proliferation. Therefore, we investigated of PNS participation, using a subdiafragmatic vagal denervation, upon pancreatic β-cell function and mass regulation, and the body glucose control disruption in MSG-obese rats. For this, Male Wistar rats received during the first five days of life monosodium glutamate (MSG) or saline. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was performed at 30 days of life. At 90 days of age, we verified static insulin secretion, pancreas morphometric, ERK expression in islets, glucose homeostasis and lipidis. The MSG treatment caused obesity at 90 days of life. MSG rats presented lower body weight and nasoanal length, increased Lee index and fat depots, normoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when compared to CTL. Vagotomy performed at 30-days of age prevented obesity, fat deposition in the liver and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in adult MVAG rats in relation to MSG rats. Islets from MSG rats secreted more insulin at stimulatory glucose concentrations than CTL islets. Histological analysis showed that pancreatic islets from MSG rats were lower with a reduction in β-cell area without modification in α-cell content when compared with CTL. Also, MSG group presented an increased number of pancreatic islets per mm2, with higher number of islets, which may contributes to the higher islet and β-cell relative mass in the MSG pancreas. These effects were associated with enhanced proliferation in MSG group. The number of MVAG pancreatic islet were less than MSG. Vagotomoy performed at 30-days of age, reduced islet and β-cell area in the pancreas from 90-days old CVAG rats. Finally, the relative islet and β-cell mass in MVAG and CVAG rats was similar to CTL. Here we verified if ERK was involved in β-cell replication in MSG rats, but presented no alteration. We demonstrate for the first time that adult MSG rats showed enhanced pancreatic β-cell proliferation which contributes to the higher islet insulin secretion in response to glucose. The vagus nerve is the main factor involved in such a process, since vagotomy performed at 30 days of age prevented islet morphological alterations in adult MVAG rats. Possibly this increase PNS activity in MSG endocrine pancreas is responsible to hyperinsulinemia that enhanced fat storage, damaged glucose homeostasis and insulin action in MSG obesity / O crescente número de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade tem levado ao aumento no número de pacientes com resistência à insulina (RI) e portadores do Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Ratos obesos MSG são intolerantes à glicose (Gli), RI e suas ilhotas pancreáticas secretam mais insulina em resposta à concentrações de Gli. A vagotomia subdiafragamática altera a responsividade das ilhotas à Gli e melhora a homeostase glicêmica nestes animais, sugerindo um desbalanço do sistema nervoso autonômico, com aumento do tônus parassimpático e redução do simpático. Estudos demonstram que o sistema nervoso parassimpático (SNP) possui efeito na proliferação das células β-pancreáticas. Desta forma, investigamos a participação do SNP, através da vagotomia subdiafragmática, no metabolismo energético e na proliferação das ilhotas e de células β-pancreáticas de ratos obesos-MSG. Para isto, ratos Wistar machos receberem durante os cinco primeiros dias de vida glutamato monossódico (grupo MSG) ou salina (grupo CTL). A vagotomia subdiafragmática foi realizada aos 30 dias de vida formando os grupos MVAG e CVAG. Aos 90 dias, verificamos a secreção estática de insulina, homeostase glicêmica e lipídica, morfometria do pâncreas e conteúdo proteico da ERK nas ilhotas. Ratos MSG apresentaram redução do peso corporal e comprimento nasoanal, aumento do índice de Lee e acúmulo de gordura, normoglicêmia, hiperinsulinemia, dislipidemia, intolerância à Gli e RI comparados aos CTL. A vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida preveniu obesidade, acúmulo de gordura no fígado e melhorou a tolerância à Gli e a sensibilidade à insulina em ratos MVAG adultos em relação aos ratos MSG. As ilhotas dos animais MSG secretaram mais insulina quando estimulada pela Gli, em relação aos animais CTL. As análises histológicas mostram que as ilhotas pancreáticas dos animais MSG são menores com redução da área das células β sem alteração nas células α em relação aos CTL. O grupo MSG apresenta um aumento do número das ilhotas por mm2, que pode estar contribuindo com o aumento da massa relativa das ilhotas e das células β. Esse efeito está associado ao aumento da proliferação no grupo MSG. O número de ilhotas foi menor nos MVAG em relação aos MSG. A vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida reduziu a área das ilhotas e das células β aos 90 dias de vida nos animais CVAG. Finalmente, a massa relativa das ilhotas e da células β no MVAG e CVAG foram similares ao CTL. Verificamos se a ERK estava envolvida na proliferação das células β nos ratos MSG, porém não apresentaram alterações desta proteína. Pela primeira vez demonstramos que ratos MSG apresentam aumento da proliferação das células β que contribui com o aumento da secreção de insulina em resposta à Gli. O nervo vago é o principal fator envolvido neste processo, visto que a vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida preveniu as alterações morfológicas das ilhotas nos ratos MVAG adultos
34

Temporal Dynamics of the Defense Cascade

Nackley, Brittany B. January 2020 (has links)
Understanding physiological responses to threat can inform therapeutic interventions for phobias, anxieties, and PTSD. The defense cascade is reviewed as a theoretical model that predicts behavioral and physiological responses to threats. Nineteen undergraduates (five male), average age 19.4 experienced a novel virtual reality (VR) threat scenario while their physiology was measured. The Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) was used as a self-report indicator of distress in the research setting. Averaged SUDS reports suggested that the VR stimulus was experienced as threatening for most participants, but their autonomic response patterns did not fit those predicted by the defense cascade. Participants who had scored high on adaptive response questionnaires tended to show uncoupled ANS activation during baseline, but varied across the stimulus condition. Nearly all participants showed either coactivation or reciprocal activation during the stimulus period except those reporting the most dissociative trauma experiences, who mostly showed uncoupled ANS activation. / M.S. / The more we understand about how people’s bodies and their energies act when they feel threatened, the better we can find help for folks who struggle with anxiety, trauma or other challenging conditions. This research uses a theoretical model called the defense cascade to explore how people respond mentally and physically to threatening situations. Nineteen undergraduates went through a virtual reality (VR) experience that was designed to feel threatening while their body and its energy systems were measured. A scale was introduced called the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) and was used to help the researchers understand how distressed people felt while they were in the VR experience. Averaged SUDS reports suggested that the VR stimulus was experienced as threatening for most participants, but their body response patterns did not fit those predicted by the defense cascade. Participants whose questionnaire responses suggested they were not anxiety-prone or traumatized, tended to show bodily activation that uncoupled their two autonomic bodily systems during a baseline period before the threatening stimulus. However, their autonomic responses during the stimulus period varied. Nearly all participants showed either both autonomic systems acting together or only one system acting in a mutually exclusive way to the other system during the stimulus period. This was the case for most participants except those reporting the most trauma involving dissociative experiences. This latter group mostly showed uncoupled autonomic bodily patterns.
35

Modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme / Cardiac autonomic modulation in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia- doctoral thesis

Ribera, Melissa Chaves Vieira 18 April 2017 (has links)
Introdução - Alterações cardíacas na anemia falciforme (AF) são frequentes e iniciam-se precocemente. Há evidências de que exista também disfunção na regulação do sistema nervoso autônomo o que pode contribuir com eventos de morbidade. Objetivos Avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme. Método - Estudo analítico no qual foi realizada uma comparação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em 45 crianças e adolescentes, menores de 20 anos, com anemia falciforme, com um grupo controle pareado um a um por idade e sexo. A frequência cardíaca foi obtida pelo frequencímetro de pulso e analisada, batimento a batimento. Estes pacientes são usuários do ambulatório de hematologia pediátrica do Sistema Único de Saúde. Esta pesquisa está em consonância com a resolução 466/2012 do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados - Observamos diferença significativa nos índices do domínio da frequência (VLF, LF, HF e LF/HF). Estas diferenças não foram observadas nos pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia. Conclusão - Existe uma disfunção autonômica na AF que ocorre desde a infância, podendo estar relacionada a uma menor modulação do simpático e uma maior modulação do parassimpático. Esta diferença não foi observada em pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia / Introduction - Cardiac changes in sickle cell disease (AF) are frequent and begin early. There is evidence that there is also dysfunction in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which may contribute to morbidity events. Objectives - To evaluate the autonomic cardiac modulation by heart rate variability in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Method - An analytical study comparing the heart rate variability of 45 children and adolescents, younger than 20 years, with sickle cell anemia, with a control group matched one by one by age and sex. The heart rate was obtained by pulse frequency and analyzed, beat by beat. These patients are attending the pediatric hematology outpatient of the National Health System. Results - We observed a significant difference in the frequency domain indexes (VLF, LF, HF and LF / HF). The results of this study are in agreement with resolution 466/2012 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. These differences were not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea. Conclusion - There is an autonomic dysfunction in AF that occurs from childhood, and may be related to a lower modulation of the sympathetic and greater modulation of the parasympathetic. This difference was not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea
36

Relação entre componentes de sintomas depressivos e variabilidade de frequência cardíaca / Relationship between components of depressive symptoms and heart rate variability

Borrione, Lucas 19 October 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) está associado à doença cardiovascular (DCV), possivelmente por alterações no sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA), dentre outros mecanismos. Um dos marcadores de atividade do SNA mais estudados na literatura é a variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC), um índice de variação entre batimentos cardíacos. VFC elevada é sinal de um SNA saudável, enquanto VFC diminuída reflete inflexibilidade autonômica. Alguns estudos têm relatado uma relação entre o TDM e VFC reduzida, enquanto outros não confirmaram esses achados. Além de fatores de confusão, uma possível explicação para esta inconsistência é a complexidade da síndrome depressiva, composta por sintomas de vários domínios. Logo, alguns sintomas podem estar associados com VFC reduzida, enquanto outros portam nenhuma associação. Consequentemente, quando todos os sintomas são avaliados simultaneamente, as associações de sintomas depressivos específicos com VFC não seriam identificadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre VFC e componentes de sintomas depressivos a partir de dados de estudo previamente realizado na Universidade de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2011. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, foram analisados dados de 120 pacientes com TDM, com baixo risco de DCV, coletados na avaliação basal de um ensaio clínico duplo-cego e randomizado, avaliando o uso da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua versus cloridrato de sertralina para tratar o TDM. Para avaliação da gravidade do TDM, foram utilizadas a Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D-17), a Escala de Depressão de MontgomeryÅsberg (MADRS) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck-IA (BDI-IA). Os componentes de sintomas depressivos foram extraídos de cada escala através de análise de componentes principais. Para avaliar a VFC, foram utilizados 4 parâmetros: a raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos R-R normais adjacentes (RMSSD, ou root mean square of successive differences), alta frequência (HF, ou high frequency), baixa frequência (LF, ou low frequency) e baixa frequência/alta frequência (LF/HF, ou low frequency/high frequency), computados a partir de segmento de eletrocardiograma de 15 minutos de duração, em repouso. Para investigar a associação dos 4 parâmetros de VFC com os componentes de sintomas depressivos de cada escala, construíram-se equações de regressão linear múltipla, incluindo em cada equação um parâmetro de VFC como variável dependente e os componentes de sintomas depressivos das três escalas como variáveis independentes. O modelo foi ajustado para idade e gênero. Utilizouse o procedimento stepwise backward para atingir o modelo final, mantendo-se variáveis com p < 0,10. RESULTADOS: Baseando-se em análise de scree plot, foram extraídos 6 componentes da HAM-D-17, 2 da MADRS e 3 da BDI-IA. Após controle para idade e gênero, a análise por regressão linear múltipla revelou que o componente 4 da HAM-D-17 (humor depressivo, sentimentos de culpa, suicídio e trabalho e atividades) foi preditor de LF/HF e o componente 2 da MADRS (dificuldades de concentração, lassidão, incapacidade para sentir e pensamentos pessimistas) foi preditor de LF. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a hipótese que a presença de certos componentes de sintomas depressivos, mas não todos, estão associados com mudanças na VFC. Não houve correção de significância estatística para múltiplas comparações, devendo este estudo ser considerado de natureza exploratória / INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly due to impairments in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), among other mechanisms. One of the most studied markers of ANS activity is heart rate variability (HRV), an index of beat-to-beat variations in heart rate. High HRV is an indicator of a healthy ANS, while low HRV denotes autonomic inflexibility. Some studies have reported a relationship between MDD and low HRV, while others have not confirmed such findings. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the complexity of the depressive syndrome, which is composed by symptoms from various domains. Therefore, some symptoms might be associated with low HRV, while others bear no association. Consequently, when all symptoms are evaluated simultaneously, the association of HRV with specific depressive symptoms might go unnoticed. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HRV and components of depressive symptoms, using data of a previous study done in the University of São Paulo, between 2010 and 2011. METHODS: In this study, data from 120 patients with MDD and low risk for CVD was assessed at the baseline of a randomized, controlled clinical trial, performed to evaluate the use of transcranial direct current stimulation versus sertraline chloridrate in in the treatment of MDD. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-IA (BDI-IA) were used to assess depressive symptoms. The components of depressive symptoms were extracted from each scale by principal component analysis. For the evaluation of HRV, the following 4 parameters were used: root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF). These parameters were computed through a 15-minute electrocardiogram at rest. For the investigation of the association between the 4 HRV parameters and the components of depressive symptoms of each scale, multiple linear regression equations were built, including in each equation a parameter of HRV as the dependent variable and the components of depressive symptoms from the three scales as the independent variables. The model was adjusted for age and gender. A stepwise backward procedure was used to attain the final model, and only variables with p < 0.10 were kept. RESULTS: Based on scree plot analyses, HAM-D-17 yielded 6 components, MADRS 2 components and BDI-IA, 3 components. After adjusting for age and gender, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that LF/HF was predicted by HAM-D-17 Component 4 (depressed mood, feelings of guilt, suicidal thoughts and work and activities) and LF was predicted by MADRS Component 2 (concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel and pessimistic thoughts). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the hypothesis that certain components of depressive symptoms, and not all of them, are associated with a change in HRV. There was no correction of statistical significance for multiple comparisons, and this study should be considered of exploratory nature
37

Modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme / Cardiac autonomic modulation in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia- doctoral thesis

Melissa Chaves Vieira Ribera 18 April 2017 (has links)
Introdução - Alterações cardíacas na anemia falciforme (AF) são frequentes e iniciam-se precocemente. Há evidências de que exista também disfunção na regulação do sistema nervoso autônomo o que pode contribuir com eventos de morbidade. Objetivos Avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme. Método - Estudo analítico no qual foi realizada uma comparação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em 45 crianças e adolescentes, menores de 20 anos, com anemia falciforme, com um grupo controle pareado um a um por idade e sexo. A frequência cardíaca foi obtida pelo frequencímetro de pulso e analisada, batimento a batimento. Estes pacientes são usuários do ambulatório de hematologia pediátrica do Sistema Único de Saúde. Esta pesquisa está em consonância com a resolução 466/2012 do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados - Observamos diferença significativa nos índices do domínio da frequência (VLF, LF, HF e LF/HF). Estas diferenças não foram observadas nos pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia. Conclusão - Existe uma disfunção autonômica na AF que ocorre desde a infância, podendo estar relacionada a uma menor modulação do simpático e uma maior modulação do parassimpático. Esta diferença não foi observada em pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia / Introduction - Cardiac changes in sickle cell disease (AF) are frequent and begin early. There is evidence that there is also dysfunction in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which may contribute to morbidity events. Objectives - To evaluate the autonomic cardiac modulation by heart rate variability in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Method - An analytical study comparing the heart rate variability of 45 children and adolescents, younger than 20 years, with sickle cell anemia, with a control group matched one by one by age and sex. The heart rate was obtained by pulse frequency and analyzed, beat by beat. These patients are attending the pediatric hematology outpatient of the National Health System. Results - We observed a significant difference in the frequency domain indexes (VLF, LF, HF and LF / HF). The results of this study are in agreement with resolution 466/2012 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. These differences were not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea. Conclusion - There is an autonomic dysfunction in AF that occurs from childhood, and may be related to a lower modulation of the sympathetic and greater modulation of the parasympathetic. This difference was not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea
38

The connection between emotion, brain lateralization, and heart-rate variability /

Newell, Miranda E. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).
39

Relação entre componentes de sintomas depressivos e variabilidade de frequência cardíaca / Relationship between components of depressive symptoms and heart rate variability

Lucas Borrione 19 October 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) está associado à doença cardiovascular (DCV), possivelmente por alterações no sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA), dentre outros mecanismos. Um dos marcadores de atividade do SNA mais estudados na literatura é a variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC), um índice de variação entre batimentos cardíacos. VFC elevada é sinal de um SNA saudável, enquanto VFC diminuída reflete inflexibilidade autonômica. Alguns estudos têm relatado uma relação entre o TDM e VFC reduzida, enquanto outros não confirmaram esses achados. Além de fatores de confusão, uma possível explicação para esta inconsistência é a complexidade da síndrome depressiva, composta por sintomas de vários domínios. Logo, alguns sintomas podem estar associados com VFC reduzida, enquanto outros portam nenhuma associação. Consequentemente, quando todos os sintomas são avaliados simultaneamente, as associações de sintomas depressivos específicos com VFC não seriam identificadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre VFC e componentes de sintomas depressivos a partir de dados de estudo previamente realizado na Universidade de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2011. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, foram analisados dados de 120 pacientes com TDM, com baixo risco de DCV, coletados na avaliação basal de um ensaio clínico duplo-cego e randomizado, avaliando o uso da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua versus cloridrato de sertralina para tratar o TDM. Para avaliação da gravidade do TDM, foram utilizadas a Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D-17), a Escala de Depressão de MontgomeryÅsberg (MADRS) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck-IA (BDI-IA). Os componentes de sintomas depressivos foram extraídos de cada escala através de análise de componentes principais. Para avaliar a VFC, foram utilizados 4 parâmetros: a raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos R-R normais adjacentes (RMSSD, ou root mean square of successive differences), alta frequência (HF, ou high frequency), baixa frequência (LF, ou low frequency) e baixa frequência/alta frequência (LF/HF, ou low frequency/high frequency), computados a partir de segmento de eletrocardiograma de 15 minutos de duração, em repouso. Para investigar a associação dos 4 parâmetros de VFC com os componentes de sintomas depressivos de cada escala, construíram-se equações de regressão linear múltipla, incluindo em cada equação um parâmetro de VFC como variável dependente e os componentes de sintomas depressivos das três escalas como variáveis independentes. O modelo foi ajustado para idade e gênero. Utilizouse o procedimento stepwise backward para atingir o modelo final, mantendo-se variáveis com p < 0,10. RESULTADOS: Baseando-se em análise de scree plot, foram extraídos 6 componentes da HAM-D-17, 2 da MADRS e 3 da BDI-IA. Após controle para idade e gênero, a análise por regressão linear múltipla revelou que o componente 4 da HAM-D-17 (humor depressivo, sentimentos de culpa, suicídio e trabalho e atividades) foi preditor de LF/HF e o componente 2 da MADRS (dificuldades de concentração, lassidão, incapacidade para sentir e pensamentos pessimistas) foi preditor de LF. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a hipótese que a presença de certos componentes de sintomas depressivos, mas não todos, estão associados com mudanças na VFC. Não houve correção de significância estatística para múltiplas comparações, devendo este estudo ser considerado de natureza exploratória / INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly due to impairments in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), among other mechanisms. One of the most studied markers of ANS activity is heart rate variability (HRV), an index of beat-to-beat variations in heart rate. High HRV is an indicator of a healthy ANS, while low HRV denotes autonomic inflexibility. Some studies have reported a relationship between MDD and low HRV, while others have not confirmed such findings. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the complexity of the depressive syndrome, which is composed by symptoms from various domains. Therefore, some symptoms might be associated with low HRV, while others bear no association. Consequently, when all symptoms are evaluated simultaneously, the association of HRV with specific depressive symptoms might go unnoticed. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HRV and components of depressive symptoms, using data of a previous study done in the University of São Paulo, between 2010 and 2011. METHODS: In this study, data from 120 patients with MDD and low risk for CVD was assessed at the baseline of a randomized, controlled clinical trial, performed to evaluate the use of transcranial direct current stimulation versus sertraline chloridrate in in the treatment of MDD. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-IA (BDI-IA) were used to assess depressive symptoms. The components of depressive symptoms were extracted from each scale by principal component analysis. For the evaluation of HRV, the following 4 parameters were used: root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF). These parameters were computed through a 15-minute electrocardiogram at rest. For the investigation of the association between the 4 HRV parameters and the components of depressive symptoms of each scale, multiple linear regression equations were built, including in each equation a parameter of HRV as the dependent variable and the components of depressive symptoms from the three scales as the independent variables. The model was adjusted for age and gender. A stepwise backward procedure was used to attain the final model, and only variables with p < 0.10 were kept. RESULTS: Based on scree plot analyses, HAM-D-17 yielded 6 components, MADRS 2 components and BDI-IA, 3 components. After adjusting for age and gender, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that LF/HF was predicted by HAM-D-17 Component 4 (depressed mood, feelings of guilt, suicidal thoughts and work and activities) and LF was predicted by MADRS Component 2 (concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel and pessimistic thoughts). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the hypothesis that certain components of depressive symptoms, and not all of them, are associated with a change in HRV. There was no correction of statistical significance for multiple comparisons, and this study should be considered of exploratory nature
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Perfil epidemiológico, modulação autonômica cardíaca e escores de risco cirúrgico de indivíduos eletivos para cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio /

Al-Lage, Jéssica Guimarães. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Robison José Quitério / Resumo: Introdução: Em decorrência do número elevado de comorbidades associadas à Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC), os modelos de previsão de risco para cirurgia cardíaca foram desenvolvidos com a finalidade de melhor caracterizar os fatores que influenciam os resultados deste procedimento. Além dos escores de risco utilizados mundialmente “European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation” (EUROSCORE II) e “Society of Thoracic Surgeons” (STS), a Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) tem surgido como um novo instrumento de previsão do risco cardiovascular e cirúrgico. Objetivo: Caracterizar os pacientes eletivos para cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio na região de Marília-SP-Brasil, quanto aos fatores de risco e controle neural do coração; Verificar se existe correlação entre os índices da VFC e os escores de risco cirúrgico EUROSCORE II e STS. Amostra: Foi composta por indivíduos de ambos os sexos, acima de 50 anos, eletivos para cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília). O Grupo Controle (GC) foi composto por indivíduos de ambos os sexos, acima de 50 anos, saudáveis. Procedimentos do Estudo: Foi realizada a anamnese na qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. O registro do intervalos RR foi obtido na postura decúbito dorsal, por 20 minutos, em respiração espontânea. Os índices da VFC (lineares e não lineares) foram analisados, comparados com um grupo controle e correlacionados com valores ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Due to the high number of comorbidities associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), risk prediction models for cardiac surgery were developed with the purpose of better characterizing the factors that influence the results of this procedure. In addition to the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EUROSCORE II) and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) worldwide, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has emerged as a new tool for predicting cardiovascular risk and surgical. Objective: To characterize elective patients for myocardial revascularization surgery in the Marília-SP-Brazil region, regarding risk factors and neural control of the heart; To verify if there is a correlation between the HRV indices and the surgical risk scores EUROSCORE II and STS. Sample: It was composed of individuals of both sexes, over 50 years old, elective for myocardial revascularization surgery (Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital of Marília). The Control Group (CG) was composed of individuals of both genders, over 50 years, healthy. Study Procedures: An anamnesis was performed in which the risk factors for cardiovascular disease were evaluated. RR interval recording was obtained in the dorsal decubitus position for 20 minutes in spontaneous breathing. The HRV indices (linear and non-linear) were analyzed, compared to a control group and correlated with values obtained from EUROSCORE II and STS. The data were organized as descriptive statistics, with values of mean and stan... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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