The purpose of this study is to find out parents' perception of the needs of their children related to the diagnosis of adhd and how they, the school and the leisure center meet the needs. Through a websurvey where 66 participants participated, we have raised questions about their perceptions linked to the purpose. The result shows that parents of adhd children perceive that their children's needs are directly linked to their impaired ability to control their executive functions. Parents meet the needs by lowering their expectations and keeping routines. Support from the environment is also an important factor in meeting the needs of children. Regarding the school and the leisure center's satisfying children's needs, the views differ from the respondents. Some believe that the school and the leisure center adjust the activities based on the needs of the children, but others say that the staff lack knowledge in their treatment, which leads to the perception that the school and the leisure center do nothing at all. Our conclusion is that knowledge about the diagnosis adhd is a must to be able to work as a teacher and leisure teacher today, because at least one person in each class has adhd. / Syftet med denna undersökning är att ta redan på föräldrars uppfattning om deras barns behov kopplade till diagnosen adhd samt hur de, skolan och fritidshemmet tillgodoser behoven. Genom en websurvey där 66 deltagare deltog har vi  ställt öppna frågor om deras uppfattningar kopplade till syftet. Resultatet visar att föräldrar till barn med adhd uppfattar att deras barns behov är direkt kopplade till deras nedsatta förmåga att  kontrollera sina exekutiva funktioner. Föräldrar tillgodoser behoven genom att sänka sin kravbild och hålla rutiner. Stöd från omgivningen är också en viktig faktor gällande tillgodoseendet av barnens behov. Gällande skolan och fritidshemmets tillgodoseende av barnens behov, går meningarna isär bland respondeneterna. Vissa anser att skolan och fritidshemmet anpassar verksamheten utifrån barnens behov men andra menar att personalen saknar kunskap i sitt bemötande , vilket leder till uppfattningen att skolan och fritidshemmet inte gör någonting alls. Vår slutsats är att kunskap om diagnosen adhd är ett måste för att kunna arbeta som lärare och fritidspedagog idag, eftersom minst en person i varje klass har adhd.

The diploma thesis describes the concept of responsibility within the education of generation Z, born between the years of 1995-⁠2010. While considering some of the current social changes, the focus is on the responsibility of generation Z within modern education, specifically on responsibility within the relationship to oneself and society. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the conceptual outcomes of responsibility and its possible definitions. Furthermore, it analyses selected concepts of developmental theories, education styles and trends. The empirical part of the thesis presents semi-structured interviews with parents of generation Z. The aim of these interviews is a description of the constructs of responsibility within the education of generation Z, from the perspective of their primary carers.

Dans l’ensemble de la littérature sur le placement, peu d’attention est accordée aux parents d’origine et ce constat n’est que plus saillant dans les écrits portant plus spécifiquement sur le placement auprès de membres de la famille élargie. L’examen critique des écrits sur le sujet montre que les parents vivent différentes émotions complexes, parfois même contradictoires suite au placement de leur enfant. Il ressort notamment des études recensées que plusieurs parents expriment ne pas se sentir entendus et considérés par le système de PJ. La thèse a pour objectif de comprendre l’expérience des parents ayant au moins un de leur enfant confié de façon permanente à un membre de la famille élargie par les services de protection de la jeunesse, et ce, en leur donnant une voix réelle dans la recherche. La thèse mobilise une théorisation de la parentalité proposée par Houzel (1999) et Sellenet (2007). Les auteurs définissent la parentalité selon trois axes: l’expérience, la pratique et l’exercice de la parentalité. Ces trois axes ne peuvent être complètement dissociés et sont étroitement liés les uns aux autres. Bien que ce cadre n’ait pas été développé au départ pour appréhender la parentalité d’enfants placés, il semble pertinent et approprié pour la thèse. La perspective de la thèse est de nature qualitative et exploratoire puisqu’aucune étude n’a été réalisée sur la pratique et l’expérience vécue des parents à qui l’on a retiré un enfant pour le confier à un membre de la famille élargie. La posture méthodologique de la thèse repose sur le récit de vie. Ainsi, neuf parents d’enfants qui ont été confiés à un membre de la famille élargie par les services de PJ du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux-centre Sud de l’île de Montréal (CCSMTL) ont été rencontrés à deux reprises. La première rencontre vise à recueillir le récit du parent alors que la deuxième rencontre permet de faire une restitution du récit au parent et permet à ce dernier de valider le récit et d’aller un peu plus loin dans certains thèmes. Il s’agit d’une approche méthodologique qui requiert un engagement important du chercheur et plusieurs étapes d’analyses. Les résultats de la thèse font ressortir l’importance de considérer l’expérience du placement dans une perspective plus large et inclusive de la trajectoire de vie des parents. L’analyse des récits des parents fait ressortir plusieurs thèmes qui rejoignent la théorisation de la parentalité mobilisée pour la thèse. Les récits des parents témoignent du parcours parfois très difficile de certains parents et de leur entrée dans la parentalité comme une expérience bien souvent peu préparée et qui se produit dans des contextes plutôt défavorables. De plus, une typologie exploratoire émerge et montre que l’expérience vécue est, certes variée, mais également grandement influencée des enjeux relationnels passés et présentes dans les situations familiales. L’hypothèse du trauma complexe vécu par plusieurs parents émerge des analyses des récits et avance ainsi certaines réponses au vécu de la parentalité des parents rencontres. La thèse propose trois angles d’intégration de la parentalité vécue dans le contexte du placement permanent de leur enfant auprès d’une FAP. Le premier angle réitère l’aspect central des relations dans la construction de la parentalité et de manière considérable dans le contexte de placement en FAP. Le deuxième intégrant la temporalité et l’histoire de vie des parents. Enfin, le troisième angle propose une lecture critique de la parentalité en soulevant les inégalités sociales qui sous-tendent la construction sociale de la parentalité. En définitive, les résultats de la thèse révèlent les besoins prépondérants des parents et l’importance de bonifier l’offre de services destinés aux adultes autant par le réseau public de santé que par le communautaire. / In the placement literature as a whole, little attention is paid to the parents of origin, and this finding is only made more salient in the literature that focuses on placement with extended family members. A critical review of the literature shows that parents experience a variety of complex and sometimes conflicting emotions following their child's placement. In particular, the studies reviewed indicate that many parents express that they do not feel heard and considered by the youth protection system. The goal of this thesis is to understand the experience of parents who have at least one of their children permanently placed in extended family care by child welfare services by giving them a real voice in the research. The thesis mobilizes a theorization of parenthood proposed by Houzel (1999) and Sellenet (2007). The authors define parenthood along three axes: experience, practice and the exercise of parenthood. These three axes cannot be completely dissociated and are closely linked to each other. Although this framework was not originally developed to understand the parenting of children in care, it seems relevant and appropriate for the thesis. The perspective of the dissertation is qualitative and exploratory in nature as no studies have been conducted on the practice and lived experience of parents who have had a child removed from their care and placed with an extended family member. The methodological posture of the dissertation is based on life stories. Thus, nine parents of children who were entrusted to an extended family member by the youth protection services of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux-centre Sud de l'île de Montréal (CCSMTL) were interviewed twice. The first meeting aims to collect the parent's story, while the second meeting allows the parent to validate the story and to go a little further into certain themes. This is a methodological approach that requires a significant commitment from the researcher and several stages of analysis. The results of the thesis highlight the importance of considering the placement experience from a broader, inclusive perspective of the parents' life trajectory. The analysis of the parents' narratives highlights several themes that align with the theorization of parenthood mobilized for the thesis. The parents' narratives attest to the sometimes very difficult journey of some parents and their entry into parenthood as an experience that is often unprepared and occurs in rather unfavorable contexts. Moreover, an exploratory typology emerges and shows that the lived experience is certainly varied, 8 but also greatly influenced by past and present relational issues in family situations. The hypothesis of complex trauma experienced by many parents emerges from the analyses of the narratives and thus puts forward certain answers to the lived experience of parenthood of the parents encountered. The thesis proposes three angles of integration of the parenthood experienced in the context of the permanent placement of their child with a family member. The first angle reiterates the centrality of relationships in the construction of parenthood and considerably so in the context of placement in a kinship care placement. The second integrates the temporality and life history of the parents. Finally, the third angle proposes a critical reading of parenthood by raising the social inequalities that underlie the social construction of parenthood. Finally, the results of the thesis reveal the predominant needs of parents and the importance of improving the services offered to adults by both the public health network and the community.

According to DSM-IV criteria a child has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if the child consistently shows one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time, and to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with the child's developmental level: (1) inattention, (2) hyperactivity, and (3) impulsivity (Santrock, 2002). Despite the years of research and the advances in understanding and treating children with ADHD, the disorder continues to be a serious educational and social impairment (Weiss & Hechtman, 1993). When examining the literature on ADHD, what is very clear is the scarcity of published literature that draws from parental perceptions on the disorder. If we are to fully understand ADHD and the effect that it has upon our society it is vital that a candid examination of parents' perceptions occur. This qualitative, phenomenological study used in-depth interviews to explore parents' perceptions of raising a child with ADHD. The present study focused on parents' perceptions regarding five aspects of raising children with ADHD, namely: 1) parents' perceptions regarding their interaction with health professionals and the child's use of medication, 2) parents' perceptions regarding the effects of ADHD on family life, 3) parents' perceptions about their ADHD child and the school experience, 4) parents' concerns and hopes for their ADHD child, and 5) getting through the day and advice for other parents of ADHD children. A number of implications for health and educational professionals arose from the current study's examination of parents' experiences, insights, and strategies for dealing with the ADHD child. Parents also discussed their concerns for the future for their ADHD child and offered valuable advice for other parents whose child has just been diagnosed with ADHD. How parents view the experience of raising a child with ADHD, their feelings about the experience, the actions that they take, and the strategies that they use to cope is important information that will assist in understanding and interacting with families who have a child with ADHD. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

According to DSM-IV criteria a child has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if the child consistently shows one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time, and to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with the child's developmental level: (1) inattention, (2) hyperactivity, and (3) impulsivity (Santrock, 2002). Despite the years of research and the advances in understanding and treating children with ADHD, the disorder continues to be a serious educational and social impairment (Weiss & Hechtman, 1993). When examining the literature on ADHD, what is very clear is the scarcity of published literature that draws from parental perceptions on the disorder. If we are to fully understand ADHD and the effect that it has upon our society it is vital that a candid examination of parents' perceptions occur. This qualitative, phenomenological study used in-depth interviews to explore parents' perceptions of raising a child with ADHD. The present study focused on parents' perceptions regarding five aspects of raising children with ADHD, namely: 1) parents' perceptions regarding their interaction with health professionals and the child's use of medication, 2) parents' perceptions regarding the effects of ADHD on family life, 3) parents' perceptions about their ADHD child and the school experience, 4) parents' concerns and hopes for their ADHD child, and 5) getting through the day and advice for other parents of ADHD children. A number of implications for health and educational professionals arose from the current study's examination of parents' experiences, insights, and strategies for dealing with the ADHD child. Parents also discussed their concerns for the future for their ADHD child and offered valuable advice for other parents whose child has just been diagnosed with ADHD. How parents view the experience of raising a child with ADHD, their feelings about the experience, the actions that they take, and the strategies that they use to cope is important information that will assist in understanding and interacting with families who have a child with ADHD. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Bakgrund: Att förlora ett barn är en stor sorg som uttrycks på olika sätt hos olika individer. Sorgen drabbar inte bara familjen utan även vårdpersonal som upplever att det får svårigheter att identifiera föräldrars behov och stödja dem i deras sorgeprocess. Därför är det viktigt att få reda på hur föräldrar upplever vårdpersonalens stöd efter att deras barn dött. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av vårdpersonals stöd efter att deras barn dött. Metod: Studierna berör föräldrars upplevelser av vårdpersonals stöd efter att deras barn dött och valdes från databasen CINAHL complete och genom två manuella sökningar. Litteraturöversikten har utgått från Fribergs metod och presenterar resultat från tio vetenskapliga engelskspråkiga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet innefattar tre huvudteman: Behovet av samtal och information, Behovet av kontinuitet och en god relation och Behovet av uppföljning och engagemang. Diskussion: Metoddiskussionen beskriver litteraturöversiktens styrkor och svagheter och vad som kan ha påverkat både utformningen och tillvägagångssättet. I litteraturöversiktens resultat diskuteras hur föräldrar vars barn dött på sjukhus upplevde vårdpersonalens stöd efter beskedet om barnets diagnos, vad som är viktigt vid dödsögonblicket samt efter det att barnet dött och hur uppföljning påverkar föräldrar. I resultatet diskuteras även vad föräldrar önskar av vårdpersonalen i de olika faserna. Resultatet diskuteras även utifrån Travelbees omvårdnadsteori med fokus på begreppet människa. / Background: Losing a child is a great sadness that is expressed in different ways by different individuals. Grief affects not only the family but also health professionals who describe difficulties identifying parents' needs for support. Therefore, it is important to explore how parents perceive the health care professionals support after their child died. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe the parents' perceptions of support from health care professionals after the death of their child. Method: The studies concern parental perceptions of health professionals’ support after their child died and was selected from the database CINAHL complete and through two manual searches. The literature review was based on Friberg’s method and presents results from ten English scientific research articles. Results: The result includes three main themes: The need for conversation and information, The need of continuity and a good relationship and The need of follow up and commitment. Discussion: Method discussion describes the literature reviews strengths and weaknesses and what may have influenced both the design and approach. The literature reviews results discusses how parents whose children died in hospitals experienced health care professionals support after information about the child's diagnosis, what is important at the moment of death and after the child died and how follow-up affects parents. The result also discusses what parents want from health care professionals in the different phases. The results are also discussed based on Travelbees nursing theory with focus on the concept of man.