M.Ed. / Attention -Deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder (AD /HD) is a diagnostic label which is used by more and more professional people to identify children with behavioral and scholastic problems. Although the AD/HD label may be very useful for communication between professional people, it could lead to generalisations and stereotyping as certain qualities are granted to a person on account of the label that is attached to him without taking him as an individual into account. The labelling of people may even result in changed perceptions and behaviour towards the person who is labelled. This study investigates the mother's perceptions of her AD/HD-labelled child in order to ascertain the effect of this label on the way she perceives, disciplines and handles her child. The study commenced with a theoretical framework in which AD/HD as a diagnostic label is discussed. The origin and development of the label, as well as the uses and abuse thereof, is discussed. Altemative views on AD/HD are also outlined. The theoretical framework is followed by a chapter conceming the design of the research, substantiating the choice of format, methods of data collection and analysis. A qualitative design was chosen on account of its explorative, descriptive and contextual nature. Data was collected by means of in depth interviews. The data was analysed by using a phenomenological approach. Literature was used to compare and complement the data. The data is reported in the following chapter. Examples of raw data from transcriptions are presented. Finally, the consolidated data is interpreted. The results of this study showed that although mothers' perceptions and expectations of their AD /HD-child vary considerably, they correlate with the amount of information which is communicated during the diagnosis. Mothers who are treated with empathy and understanding and who receive more information on the meaning of the diagnosis, tend to perceive their child and his abilities in a more positive way .. The labelling of the child as AD/HD results in an improved relationship between mother and child. Mothers also tend to be more protective of and involved with their child to such an extent that it may negatively affect other relationships in the family. Labelling also influences the mother's perception of herself, because neither she nor the child can be blamed for his unruly behaviour and/ or academic failure. The study concludes with the thought that professional people doing the labelling should work through the content and meaning of the label with the parents in order to help parents form a realistic perception of their AD/HD child.

The thesis deals with new hospitality marketing concepts and presents some interesting concepts created in the last decade. The aim of this thesis is to analyze concepts, evaluate demand among potential customers for new concepts and design unique hospitality marketing concept. The theoretical part deals with the marketing definition and clarification of what marketing includes. In the analytical part, there are new hospitality marketing concepts described in general, and then the concepts for selected segment -- parents with children. For the purpose of this thesis was created a questionnaire, which examines the demand for new concepts and customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the existing hospitality concepts. Results are presented in a separate chapter. The thesis concludes with a new design concept, its description, competitive analysis and marketing mix.

Background: As a parent, talking about sex, relationship and sexuality might be seen upon as a sensitive matter and is sometimes a difficult subject to raise with your child. Earlier studies show that a good communication in the home environment decreases childrens sexual risk behaviours. Health care personal is lifted as important actors within the sex education for children, adolecents and their parents. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how parents in Sweden experience and handle the conversation about sex, relationship and sexuality with their children. Method: A qualitative study with Critical Incident Technique as method was used. The 20 parents who chose to participate in the study got to answer two opened ended questions in a questionnaire. Results: The result led to three main areas; “Parents experience and motivation for conversation”, “The affirmative conversation” and last “Elements that influence a negative experience of the conversation”. Parents describe the question being lifted in the home environment in different occations. Parents own experiences effects the content in the conversation and how they interpret the conversation as a whole. An important factor for the conversations to be experienced in a positive way is an open climat and mutual trust between parent and child. Parents describe difficulties in communicating about the subject when the child does not seem receptive and don’t give any respons. When parents felt the lack of positive respons and the children dit not seem adoptive the conversation was described as negative. Conclusion: Parents describe the importance of an open climate in the home environment together with mutual trust and respect as essential conditions for a positive experience of the conversation. / Bakgrund: Att som förälder prata med sitt barn om sex, samlevnad och sexualitet kan upplevas känsligt och ibland är det svårt att lyfta ämnet med sitt barn. Tidigare studier visar att en god kommunikation i hemmet minskar barnens sexuella riskbeteende. Vårdpersonal lyfts som viktiga aktörer i utbildning av sex och samlevnad hos barn och ungdomar och deras föräldrar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur föräldrar I Sverige upplever och hanterar att samtala med sina barn om sex, samlevnad och sexualitet. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med Critical Insident Technique som metod användes. De 20 föräldrar som valde att delta i studien fick svara på två öppna frågor i ett frågeformulär. Resultat: Resultatet utmynnade i tre huvudområden; "Föräldrarnas erfarenhet och motivation till samtalen, "Det bekräftande samtalet" samt "Faktorer som påverkar att samtalet upplevs negativt". Föräldrarna beskriver att frågan lyfts i hemmet vid olika tillfällen. Föräldrarnas egna erfarenheter påverkar innehållet i samtalen samt hur dessa upplevs. En viktig faktor för att samtalen ska upplevas positiva är ett öppet klimat samt ömsesidig tillit. Föräldrar beskriver svårigheter i kommuniktion kring ämnet när barnen inte upplevs mottagliga och respons uteblir. Konklusion: Föräldrar beskriver att ett öppet samtalsklimat i hemmet samt ömsesidig respekt och tillit är grundläggande förutsättningar för att ett samtal i slutändan ska upplevas positivt. När föräldrarna saknade positiv respons och barnen inte upplevdes vara mottagliga beskrevs samtalen som negativa.

The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction and understanding of parents of young children with disabilities in North Texas in regard to the special education services they receive through their local education authority. A mixed non-experimental research design utilizing the survey method was used to obtain the data collected from a sample of 230 parents with children with disabilities from preschool to elementary ages. Factorial analysis techniques were first used to assess the validity of the 14 quantitative items by splitting the sample into 2 equivalent groups: the development group and the validation group. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 2 factors after eliminating 4 items: satisfaction and understanding. This 2-factor structure was confirmed in the validation group. The final 10-item survey demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. Overall, parents were very satisfied with the special education services and reported a good understanding of those services. Two x two (number of children x years of services) ANOVAs were used to examine the differences on parental satisfaction and understanding. No statistically significant differences were found except that parents with 2 or 3 children were more satisfied than the counterparts with only 1 child in the special education program. This difference was practically meaningful. Data provided by 4 open-ended questions revealed that parent training and communication were the most popular strategies mentioned as methods to increase parental understanding of the special education process. The best sources of receiving special education information were ARD committees and teachers/diagnosticians. Excessive and wordy paperwork was the least helpful source of information regarding receiving special education. Postal-mail and the ARD meetings with diagnosticians were the best methods of acquiring special education information. Findings from this study, especially on the open-ended questions, suggested the special education program and services can be improved to better serve the parents and their children.

This was a quantitative research project whose goal was to compare the level of autism and its affect on the parental relationship. Further, it sought to look at different family attributes of the subject child to see how they affected the marital satisfaction as well. The findings indicate that the hypothesis was correct, that the level of severity of autism does negatively affect the parental marital satisfaction.

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of the Landreth 10-week filial therapy model as an intervention for the parents of children experiencing learning difficulties.The purpose of this study was to determine if filial therapy is effective in: 1) increasing parental acceptance of children with a learning difficulty; 2) reducing the stress level of parents of children with learning difficulties; 3) decreasing social problems and total behavior problems of children with learning difficulties as reported by parents and teachers.

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