Orientador: Plácida Leopoldina V. A. da Costa Santos / Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita / Banca: Marcos Luíz Mucheroni / Resumo: A informação é essencial neste limiar do Século XXI, assim como sua transmissão. A catalogação descritiva, como área da Biblioteconomia responsável por transmitir as informações contidas em acervos de qualquer natureza, por meio da construção de formas de representação, deve acompanhar a evolução das necessidades dos usuários. Esta constatação preocupa especialistas da área. A padronização, na representação das informações e documentos é imprescindível e também o objeto de trabalho da catalogação descritiva como forma de garantia do intercâmbio de registros bibliográficos. A preocupação cresce com a rapidez com que as informações são geradas e disponibilizadas em diferentes formas. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar o estado da arte do esquema Resource Description and Access (RDA) elaborado pela International Federation of Libraries Associations (IFLA), para uso de catalogadores e bases de dados bibliográficos. A análise baseia-se em pesquisas bibliográficas on-line. A evolução da catalogação e seus códigos de regras; a influência das tecnologias nos meios de comunicação, especificamente na troca de informações bibliográficas; a compatibilidade de conceitos visando a comunicação eficiente entre máquina, catalogador e informações codificadas para atendimento dos usuários foram utilizadas para a construção da parte histórica do trabalho. O estudo do RDA foi elaborado reunindo-se as necessidades informacionais, a catalogação descritiva e o novo esquema para compreender sua abrangência e a sua possível aceitação internacional, como uma forma de possibilitar o controle bibliográfico e ampliar o acesso e uso das informações disponíveis nos mais diversos ambientes informacionais. O RDA, por ser um esquema em fase de elaboração somente pode ser analisado do ponto de vista teórico. Nossa análise verificou que o RDA é um esquema eficaz, por aliar a teoria à prática. / Abstract: Information and its transmission are essentials at the threshold of the XXI century Descriptive cataloging being an area of the Library Science is responsible for transmitting information existing inside of holdings of all types. This is made by building forms of representation and must follow the evolution of the needs of users. This affirmation worries specialists of the area. Standardization is indispensable in the representation of information and documents and it is also the aim of descriptive cataloging work; it is a grant for the exchange of bibliographic records. The worry increases as fast as the creation of new information available in different forms. The goal of this work is to analyze the state-of-the art of the standard "Resource Description and Access (RDA)" developed by the International Federation of Libraries Associations (IFLA) for catalogers and workers in bibliographic database. This work is founded in on-line bibliographic researches. The building of the historic of this work was based in the following factors: evolution of cataloging and its codes of rules; influence of technology in the communication media specifically in the exchange of bibliographic information; compatibility of concepts to reach an efficient communication between machine, cataloger and coded information to attend the user. This study of RDA was elaborated getting together the informational needs, the descriptive cataloging and the new standard, in order to understand its scope and if it is possible the international acceptance of it, as a form of bibliographic control as well as a way to enlarge the access and use of information available in the most different informational environments. Since RDA is a standard that is being developed, it may only be studied at the theoretical point of view. We verified that RDA is an effective standard since it links theory and practice. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_rmr_me_mar.pdf: 280516 bytes, checksum: 216222ad82d3401a2b10e3a13169b6a9 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A informação é essencial neste limiar do Século XXI, assim como sua transmissão. A catalogação descritiva, como área da Biblioteconomia responsável por transmitir as informações contidas em acervos de qualquer natureza, por meio da construção de formas de representação, deve acompanhar a evolução das necessidades dos usuários. Esta constatação preocupa especialistas da área. A padronização, na representação das informações e documentos é imprescindível e também o objeto de trabalho da catalogação descritiva como forma de garantia do intercâmbio de registros bibliográficos. A preocupação cresce com a rapidez com que as informações são geradas e disponibilizadas em diferentes formas. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar o estado da arte do esquema Resource Description and Access (RDA) elaborado pela International Federation of Libraries Associations (IFLA), para uso de catalogadores e bases de dados bibliográficos. A análise baseia-se em pesquisas bibliográficas on-line. A evolução da catalogação e seus códigos de regras; a influência das tecnologias nos meios de comunicação, especificamente na troca de informações bibliográficas; a compatibilidade de conceitos visando a comunicação eficiente entre máquina, catalogador e informações codificadas para atendimento dos usuários foram utilizadas para a construção da parte histórica do trabalho. O estudo do RDA foi elaborado reunindo-se as necessidades informacionais, a catalogação descritiva e o novo esquema para compreender sua abrangência e a sua possível aceitação internacional, como uma forma de possibilitar o controle bibliográfico e ampliar o acesso e uso das informações disponíveis nos mais diversos ambientes informacionais. O RDA, por ser um esquema em fase de elaboração somente pode ser analisado do ponto de vista teórico. Nossa análise verificou que o RDA é um esquema eficaz, por aliar a teoria à prática. / Information and its transmission are essentials at the threshold of the XXI century Descriptive cataloging being an area of the Library Science is responsible for transmitting information existing inside of holdings of all types. This is made by building forms of representation and must follow the evolution of the needs of users. This affirmation worries specialists of the area. Standardization is indispensable in the representation of information and documents and it is also the aim of descriptive cataloging work; it is a grant for the exchange of bibliographic records. The worry increases as fast as the creation of new information available in different forms. The goal of this work is to analyze the state-of-the art of the standard “Resource Description and Access (RDA)” developed by the International Federation of Libraries Associations (IFLA) for catalogers and workers in bibliographic database. This work is founded in on-line bibliographic researches. The building of the historic of this work was based in the following factors: evolution of cataloging and its codes of rules; influence of technology in the communication media specifically in the exchange of bibliographic information; compatibility of concepts to reach an efficient communication between machine, cataloger and coded information to attend the user. This study of RDA was elaborated getting together the informational needs, the descriptive cataloging and the new standard, in order to understand its scope and if it is possible the international acceptance of it, as a form of bibliographic control as well as a way to enlarge the access and use of information available in the most different informational environments. Since RDA is a standard that is being developed, it may only be studied at the theoretical point of view. We verified that RDA is an effective standard since it links theory and practice.

In 1991, the first major international gathering on the issue of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) was held from the 7 to the 9 October in Paris during the first International Workshop on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights under United Nations (UN) auspices. The outcome of such meeting is the Paris Principles adopted by the United Nations Human Rights Commission Resolution 1992/54 of 1992 and the General Assembly Resolution 48/134 of 1993. The Paris Principles relate to the status and functioning of national institutions for protection and promotion of human rights and ‘have become the benchmark against which national human rights institutions are measured'. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Solomon Dersso of the Faculty of Law, University of Addis-Ababa. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of the Uganda Human Rights Commission UHRC), which possesses judicial powers vis-à-vis the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice of Ghana (CHRAJ) and the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) which do not possess such powers. The difference notwithstanding, all the three have been rated as the best national institutions in Africa. Due to time and space constraints, one will focus specifically with the mandates of the three commissions and in particular, on the different or distinct mandates assigned to them, namely, that of CHRAJ to deal with corruption, that of SAHRC to deal with economic, cultural and social rights and UHRC of dealing with torture matters and generally of constituting a tribunal. This study was motivated by the fact that Lesotho will be setting up a national institution in 2008 and one would like to draw lessons from these institutions and pick up elements that could best suit Lesotho. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Kofi Quashigah of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Legon / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This thesis examines the experiences of girl child soldiers in Uganda in order to explore the gender gaps that exist in post-conflict programming and to engender meaningful policy solutions that target these gaps. This thesis uses a gender lens to analyze the challenges faced by Ugandan girls and to explore how entrenched gender norms feed into a singular narrative of conflict – dangerous boys and traumatized girls – that renders particular combatants – and their unique needs – invisible. Adopting a feminist methodology that prioritizes the importance of girls’ narratives and self-perceptions, the author argues that girl child soldiers must be meaningfully included in the design and implementation of programming aimed at serving their needs. A participatory action research methodology is presented as a promising way forward. It can help address specific gendered challenges in the post-conflict environment, while also recognizing and drawing upon the resiliency and strengths of the girl child soldiers themselves.

This thesis examines the experiences of girl child soldiers in Uganda in order to explore the gender gaps that exist in post-conflict programming and to engender meaningful policy solutions that target these gaps. This thesis uses a gender lens to analyze the challenges faced by Ugandan girls and to explore how entrenched gender norms feed into a singular narrative of conflict – dangerous boys and traumatized girls – that renders particular combatants – and their unique needs – invisible. Adopting a feminist methodology that prioritizes the importance of girls’ narratives and self-perceptions, the author argues that girl child soldiers must be meaningfully included in the design and implementation of programming aimed at serving their needs. A participatory action research methodology is presented as a promising way forward. It can help address specific gendered challenges in the post-conflict environment, while also recognizing and drawing upon the resiliency and strengths of the girl child soldiers themselves.