The Planning and Building Act regulates how municipalities plan the use of land and water. When deciding on the detailed development plan, the respective municipality is responsible for the parking standard in the space that will be allocated for parking and which is made in connection with land construction. The decision is followed up in the building permit process. One of the requirements for building permits being granted is that the parking solution is approved. A public parking lot lease is a solution that is approved by law regarding parking in another area beyond one's own property. The municipality can be a party in the agreement for leasing public parking lots in the role of land access provider and may be responsible for preparing the parking lot. In order to be valid, the lease shall guarantee a measure of permanence over time. The rights that accompany the parking lot agreement need to be monitored by authority decisions that cause a change in land use. The municipalities' responsibility to meet the policy's stated objective to increase housing may result in already built-up areas becoming denser. Surfaces such as parking lots may be used for this purpose. Increased density in municipalities requires new detailed development planning. Thirty of the country's municipalities with the highest number of completed buildings, specifically multi-family housing, were examined for the time period 2005-2016. The basis for the analysis was experiencing increased density where the land area has been affected in relation to objects for public parking leases. Current legislation is interpreted to find support for the validity of leasing public parking lots in cases of changes in land use. This study's research question relates to how the municipality should handle their role in decisions on changed land use, as a party to the civil parking lease agreement and as a public authority. The results highlight the validity of agreements to lease public parking lots despite civil authorities' decisions that change the use of land within the area in question. It is suggested that the municipality, as a civil party to the agreement, must monitor legal right by entering into the agreement. As an authority, the municipality has the responsibility to monitor and follow up the underlying decisions of the regulating authority and building permission decisions, the assessment of which may depend on the approval of the suggested solution for parking. Thus, the new decision regarding land use should not be in conflict with the underlying decisions which also continue to be valid. It is recommended that municipal administrations and companies cooperate closely in the early stages of the detailed development planning process. This is necessary to ensure that the legal right resulting from agreements to lease public parking lots is taken into consideration. The working documents in the form of geographical information may include demarcated areas which include leased public parking lots. / Plan- och bygglagen styr hur kommunerna planerar användningen av mark och vatten. Vid beslut om detaljplan ligger respektive kommuns normtal för parkering till grund för det utrymme som ska avsättas för parkering i samband med byggande av marken. Beslutet följs upp i bygglovsprocessen. Godkänd lösning för parkering är ett myndighetskrav för erhållet bygglov. Parkeringsköp är en lösning som godkänns av lagen som parkeringslösning utanför den egna fastigheten. Kommunen kan vara part i parkeringsköpsavtalet med rollen som markupplåtare och ansvarig för att iordningsställa parkeringen. Upplåtelsen ska för sin giltighet garantera viss stabilitet i tid. Rättigheten som följer med parkeringsavtalet behöver bevakas vid myndighetsbeslut som ändrar markanvändningen. Kommunernas ansvar för att möta politikiska mål om ökat bostadsbyggande kan få till följd att redan bebyggda områden förtätas. Ytor som exempelvis parkering kan tas i anspråk för syftet. Förtätning ställer krav på ny detaljplan. Trettio av landets kommuner med högst antal färdigställda bostäder i flerfamiljshus inom tidsintervallet 2005 – 2016 analyseras utifrån erfarenhet av förtätning, där markområde påverkas som är objekt för parkeringsköp. Tolkning av gällande lagstiftning görs för att hitta stöd för parkeringsköpets giltighet vid ändrad markanvändning. Studiens frågeställning gäller hur kommunen bör hantera sin roll vid beslut om ändrad markanvändning dels som part i det civilrättsliga parkeringsköpsavtalet, dels som myndighet. Resultatet framhåller parkeringsköpsavtalets giltighet trots myndighetsbeslut som ändrar markanvändningen inom aktuellt område. Kommunen som civilrättslig part i avtalet ska bevaka rättigheten förslagsvis genom inskrivning av avtalet. Som myndighet har kommunen ansvar för att bevaka och följa upp bakomliggande myndighetsbeslut, bygglovsbeslutet, vars bedömning kan vila på godkänd lösning för parkering. Det nya beslutet om annan markanvändning ska således inte stå i strid med bakomliggande beslut som fortsatt har giltighet. Tätt samarbete mellan kommunens förvaltningar och bolag i tidiga skeden av detaljplaneprocessen bör vara ett mönster som följs. Detta för att rättigheten som följer på parkeringsköpsavtalet ska uppmärksammas. Arbetsunderlaget i form av geografisk information kan innehålla markering av områden som omfattas av parkeringsköp.

The subject of the Master thesis is alternative solutions of the parking lot including review of parking bays and adjacent paved areas for the needs of the shopping area (wholesale of food, eight stores of different charakter, fast food restaurant, fuel station and 3 automatic car wash systems) and design two variants of intersections (direct intersection and roundabout) with new urban road where is the shopping area connected. A traffic survey and capacity assessment of existing and newly proposed variants were carried out for the design of the intersection.

Current systems for counting cars on parking lots usually use specialized equipment, such as barriers at the parking lot entrance. Usage of such equipment is not suitable for free or residential parking areas. However, even in these car parks, it can help keep track of their occupancy and other data. The system designed in this thesis uses the YOLOv4 model for visual detection of cars in photos. It then calculates an embedding vector for each vehicle, which is used to describe cars and compare whether the car has changed over time at the same parking spot. This information is stored in the database and used to calculate various statistical values like total cars count, average occupancy, or average stay time. These values can be retrieved using REST API or be viewed in the web application.

The subject of this thesis is to solve the problem of the lack of the parking places at the city crematorium of the Central Cemetery of Brno. The main task is to deploy the parking lots on the northern and western side of the Central Cemetery. The parking lot on the western side should take into consideration the proposal for a new entrance from this side. This thesis also includes solutions for wheelchair access and for building a new bus stop.

El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en un aplicativo móvil, “Share Parking” el cual conecta de forma segura y rápida a conductores que necesitan alquilar un estacionamiento con propietarios de viviendas que cuentan con espacios libres en catorce distritos de Lima Metropolitana. El modelo de negocio tiene un protocolo de verificación para evitar incurrir en incidencias que perjudiquen a los usuarios durante el uso del servicio; asimismo, se apuesta por la inversión en sistemas informáticos para la seguridad y confidencialidad de los datos del cliente, las formas de pago y para mantener un control de los procesos internos de la empresa. De acuerdo al análisis económico financiero el proyecto es rentable para los inversionistas y el flujo de caja presenta saldos positivos desde el año dos al cinco. Share Parking cuenta con un VPN FCLD de 1,256,860 soles, monto adicional que se obtendrá del proyecto, además de la rentabilidad que generará, es decir, por invertir 118,123 soles el proyecto genera una rentabilidad promedio anual de 62.47% expresados en términos del año cero. En cuanto al VPN FCNI por invertir 70,874 soles el proyecto ofrecerá una rentabilidad promedio anual exigida por los inversionistas de 67.71%, y adicionalmente dará 1,057,685 soles expresados en términos del año cero. / This research work is based on a mobile application, "Share Parking" which connects drivers who need to rent a parking lot safely and quickly with homeowners who have free spaces in fourteen districts of Metropolitan Lima. The business model has a verification protocol to avoid incurring incidents that harm users while using the service; Likewise, it is committed to investing in computer systems for the security and confidentiality of customer data, payment methods and to maintain control of the company's internal processes. According to the economic and financial analysis, the project is profitable for investors and the cash flow shows positive balances from year two to five. Share Parking has a NPV FCLD of 1,256,860 soles, an additional amount that will be obtained from the project, in addition to the profitability that it will generate, that is, by investing 118,123 soles the project generates an average annual return of 62.47% expressed in terms of year zero. Regarding the FCNI NPV for investing 70,874 soles, the project will offer an average annual return demanded by investors of 67.71%, and will additionally give 1,057,685 soles expressed in terms of year zero. / Trabajo de investigación

A lo largo del presente trabajo propondremos una solución alterna al problema de falta de estacionamientos en Miraflores, San Isidro y Centro de Lima; a fin de analizar el proyecto y encontrar una solución viable a este problema, se subdividió el trabajo en tres etapas: Primera Etapa: Evaluaremos la viabilidad del proyecto como alternativa de solución brindando los espacios de parqueo en Miraflores, San Isidro y Centro Lima. Para ello tendremos que identificar el número de estacionamientos disponibles en los distritos mencionados. Segunda Etapa: El producto final en un servicio que comprende la ubicación de estacionamientos disponibles en tiempo real, lo que permite al cliente un servicio rápido, seguro y fuera de la vía pública. Tercera Etapa: Según la evaluación efectuada, el local del negocio estará ubicado en San Isidro, cuya ubicación geográfica determina un punto medio con los demás distritos elegidos. El local elegido está en San Isidro, de esta manera tendremos una comunicación más efectiva con nuestros clientes. Nuestro proyecto será financiado por los aportes de los accionistas y un crédito por parte de la Caja Trujillo. / Throughout this work we will propose an alternative solution to the problem of lack of parking in Miraflores, San Isidro and Downtown Lima; In order to analyze the project and find a viable solution to this problem, the work was subdivided into three stages: First Stage: We will evaluate the viability of the project as an alternative solution by providing parking spaces in Miraflores, San Isidro and Centro Lima. For this we will have to identify the number of parking spaces available in the aforementioned districts. Second Stage: The final product in a service that includes the location of available parking in real time, which allows the customer a fast, safe and off-street service Third Stage: According to the evaluation carried out, the business premises will be located in San Isidro, whose geographical location determines a midpoint with the other chosen districts. The chosen location is San Isidro, in this way we will have more effective communication with our clients. Our project will be financed by shareholder contributions and a loan from Caja Trujillo / Trabajo de investigación

Maps are important for both human and robot navigation. Given a route, drivingassistance systems consult maps to guide human drivers to their destinations. Similarly, topological maps of a road network provide a robotic vehicle with information about where it can drive and what driving behaviors it should use. By providing the necessary information about the driving environment, maps simplify both manual and autonomous driving. The majority of existing cartographic databases are built, using manual surveys and operator interactions, to primarily assist human navigation. Hence, the resolution of existing maps is insufficient for use in robotics applications. Also, the coverage of these maps fails to extend to places where robotics applications require detailed geometric information. To augment the resolution and coverage of existing maps, this thesis investigates computer vision algorithms to automatically build lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots by analyzing publicly available cartographic resources, such as orthoimagery. Our map-building methods recognize image patterns and objects that are tightly coupled with the structure of the underlying road network by 1) identifying, without human intervention, locally consistent image cues and 2) linking them based on the obtained local evidence and prior information about roadways. We demonstrate the accuracy of our bootstrapping approach in building lane-level detailed roadwaymaps through experiments. Due to expected abnormal events on highways such as roadwork, the geometry and traffic rules of highways that appear on maps can occasionally change. This thesis also addresses the problem of updating the resulting maps with temporary changes by analyzing perspective imagery acquired from a vision sensor installed on a vehicle. To robustly recognize highway work zones, our sign recognizer focuses on handling variations of signs’ colors and shapes. Sign recognition errors, which are inevitable, can cause our system to misread temporary highway changes. To handle potential errors, our method utilizes the temporal redundancy of sign occurrences and their corresponding classification decisions. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach highway workzone recognition through testing with video data recorded under various weather conditions. Two major results of this thesis work are 1) algorithms that analyze orthoimages to produce lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots and 2) on-vehicle computer vision algorithms that are able to recognize temporary changes on highways. Our maps can provide detailed information about a route, in advance, to either a human driver or a self-driving vehicle. While driving on highways, our roadway-assessing algorithms enable the vehicle to update the resulting maps with temporary changes to the route.

The aim of the diploma thesis is designing the transport infrastructure for the new building of the 4 apartment buildings in Letovice. The design documentation for building permission contains direction and height solution of the building, static and pedestrian traffic and also design traffic signs and outlook’s ratios. The whole newly emerging site is designed as zone 30.

This master thesis deals with use grid-off photovoltaic system for recharging electric vehicle. First is explained the principle of converting solar energy into electric energy and theoretically describes the components of the system. Furthermore, is presented a real application of the photovoltaic power plants in the world for recharging electric vehicles but also for other uses. The next section theoretically describes the grid-off system how it shout look like in real and there are presented the possibilities of choice of components. The main part is the actual construction of the grid-off system for recharging electric vehicle and measurement. The conclusion of this thesis is made up for the expected economic recovery of the entire system.

The diploma thesis deals with the processing of project documentation. Specifically, the parts A, B, C, D.1.1 and D.1.3 of Annex 6 to Regulation No. 499/2006 Coll., On construction documentation, as amended by Decree No. 62/2013 Coll. The documentation refers to a motel with restaurant designed for 50 guests. The plot is located in Troubsko. The motel is divided into three separate buildings. In the main building is reception, restaurant with kitchen and offices. The building has ground floor and underground floor. The accommodation is divided into two one-storey buildings. The buildings are formed by separate units with 4 or 2 rooms which are connected by one roof. All buildings are designed with flat green roof. There is parking lot for public and restaurant guests, for accommodated guests ans private parking for employees and supply is solved on the plot. The buildings are based on plain concrete foundation strips. Vertical load-bearing structures are designed from sand-lime. Horizontal load-bearing structures are designed from precast filigree slabs. Partitions are designed from autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. The facade is thermally insulated by EPS boards. The 3% slope of the roof is achieved by using tapered EPS boards. Vegetation (stone crops) will be planted on the roof. part of this thesis is static calculation and design of staircase slab from reinforced concrete.