Cette étude explore les phénomènes de diffraction qui se produisent dans le discours des romans arthuriens en vers du XIIIe siècle. Le discours, selon Genette, correspond à la manifestation de la subjectivité dans un texte. Nous avons sélectionné comme corpus primaire un échantillon de huit œuvres arthuriennes dites « parodiques » de l’époque : Le Bel Inconnu, de Renaut de Beaujeu, Gliglois, Hunbaut, Fergus, de Guillaume le Clerc, Méraugis de Portlesguez, de Raoul de Houdenc, Les Merveilles de Rigomer, de Jehan, Claris et Laris et Floriant et Florete. À travers ces œuvres, nous observons les manifestations, les mécanismes et les tendances évolutives de divers procédés liés à la diffraction discursive. Dans le premier chapitre, nous traitons de l’enargeia intradiégétique, qui survient donc lorsqu’un personnage raconte une scène au discours direct dans le texte, et qui représente une diffraction de la parole narrative. Dans le deuxième, nous étudions l’entrelacement, qui correspond à une diffraction de la diégèse qui est marquée par des commentaires du narrateur. Les marques de conscience générique, qui se manifestent lorsqu’un personnage rend explicite sa conscience et connaissance des rouages de la tradition littéraire dans laquelle il s’inscrit, font l’objet du troisième chapitre : elles constituent une diffraction du savoir narratif. Au bout de nos observations, nous sommes en mesure de constater que tous ces procédés, ainsi que la diffraction qu’ils représentent, se complexifient, se régularisent et sont davantage soulignés dans les œuvres plus tardives du XIIIe siècle. / This study explores the diffraction that occurs in thirteenth-century Arthurian romance discourse. Genette defines discourse as the manifestation of subjectivity in text. We have selected eight “parodic” Arthurian romances as our main corpus: Renaut de Beaujeu’s Le Bel Inconnu, Gliglois, Hunbaut, Guillaume le Clerc’s Fergus, Raoul de Houdenc’s Méraugis de Portlesguez, Jehan’s Les Merveilles de Rigomer, Claris et Laris and Floriant et Florete. With these works, we observe the manifestations, mechanisms and evolutions of different stylistic features that are related to discursive diffraction. In the first chapter, we study intradiegetic enargeia, which occurs when a character describes a scene in direct discourse; it represents a diffraction of narrative speech. In the second chapter, we discuss interlace, considered to be a diffraction of diegesis that is punctuated with narrative comments. Marks of generic awareness occupy our third chapter: they occur when a character signals their awareness or knowledge of the literary tradition in which they participate. They constitute a diffraction of narrative knowledge. At the end of our observations, we find that all these stylistic features, as well as the diffraction they represent, are used more regularly, complexly and emphatically in the later thirteenth-century romances.

Cette thèse a pour objectif premier de dresser un inventaire des albums et des feuilletons de bande dessinée publiés à Paris et à Genève, à partir des « histoires en estampes » de Rodolphe Töpffer jusqu’aux séquences de Christophe publiées dans Le Petit Français illustré. L’établissement du catalogue amène à élargir le cadre initial de la recherche pour aborder diverses formes de récits en images que voit se développer le XIXe siècle. À partir de là, il s’agit d’envisager la bande dessinée à travers ses principaux supports éditoriaux (l’album et la presse illustrée, mais aussi l’imagerie populaire représentée par la collection de la maison d’édition fondée par Albert Quantin), et de comprendre en quoi le dispositif de diffusion influe sur le medium en devenir. Une mise en relation de ces différentes formes s’attache ensuite à définir les langages de la bande dessinée : les usages faits de l’image et du texte, les thématiques privilégiées et notamment la teneur parodique des œuvres. La bande dessinée est ainsi placée dans l’évolution des poétiques et de l’expression visuelle, dans l’histoire de l’imprimé et des média. / This thesis has for first goal to make an inventory of the albums and serials of comic strip published in Paris and in Geneva from Rodolphe Töpffer’s “stories in prints” up to Christophe's sequences printed in The Small illustrated Frenchman. Once the catalogue established it becomes possible to widen the initial framework of the research and approach the different forms of narratives in images that develop during the XIXth century. From there, the comic strip can be studied through its main editorial supports (the album and the illustrated press, but also the popular imaging represented by the collection of the publishing house established by Albert Quantin), and one can understand in which way the modes of dissemination influence the progress of the medium. It gets thus easier to define the languages of the comic strip: the manners images and texts intertwin, the main themes and in particular the continuous parodic mood of the works. The comic strip eventually finds its place in the evolution of the literary and visual expressions as well as in the history of printing and of the media.

This thesis examines how a female politician is being represented in a political parody account on Twitter through a thematic analysis of “Lady Emily Kardashian Duchess of Yiolou” (@edPLOgAQvtTQHJc) Tweets, satirizing the Cypriot Minister of Justice & Public Order Ms. Emily Yiolitis. The analysis of both Tweets and official media outlets, during a fixed period of time, demonstrates how a humorous and at the same time critical act of public discourse, can perform as an expression of political action and a form of activism, which can be approached as a branch of the study of anti-fandom.

The work "Rise of television political satire in the USA, Czech Republic and Germany in the new millennium" maps the development of television political satire in the United States, Germany and the Czech Republic in the period from 2000 to the present days with a look at the history of this genre in each respected country. Special attention is focused on the programs that had the greatest influence on the current form of this genre and influenced it the most. The first part of the work presents the history of television political satire in each individual country and introduces their current representatives of this genre, which have the greatest influence in the modern day. This section also introduces the obstacles of their cultural environment in which the shows were created to provide a more holistic view on obstacles that these shows have had to overcome in today's media world. In the second part, selected shows will be analysed from a technical and formal point of view and attention will also be focused on their hosts. The role of host in these shows is one of the most important elements which determine their future success. Furthermore, the work will examine other elements that individual programs share with each other and, conversely, the elements in which individual programs of political...

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This thesis examines the multifaceted strategies employed in Pressbyrån's 2023 Cinnamon Bun Campaign, which gained nationwide attention in Sweden for its humorous approach. The campaign aimed to depict the Swedish cinnamon bun, a staple of the Swedish fika tradition, in an extravagant and luxurious light. Focusing on the interplay between humor and luxury, the study uses a multimodal analysis, utilizing Semiotic and Social Semiotic approaches to understand the visual material and its conveyed meanings. Using a theoretical framework that includes Stuart Hall's (1973) encoding and decoding model and Marxist theory, the research examines how the campaign commodifies the cinnamon bun, imbuing it with social value within capitalist culture. The investigation also places the campaign within Swedish cultural traditions and explores the intersection of humor, luxury, and cultural contexts. The literature review covers perfume advertisements, humor in advertising, and the commodification of cultures, providing a comprehensive background for the analysis. The analysis identifies visual cues and luxury codes within the campaign's posters and discusses their impact on audience perception. It also explores how humor through parody intersects with cultural contexts, particularly in challenging Swedish norms of moderation (lagom) through exaggerated luxury. The findings reveal that the campaign strategically uses visual elements reminiscent of luxurious perfume advertisements, creating a humorous dissonance between the perceived extravagance of the bun and its ordinary consumption. The study highlights the complex dynamics between humor, luxury, and cultural contexts in advertising. While humor effectively captures attention, its efficacy in enhancing brand recall remains uncertain. Nonetheless, Pressbyrån's campaign serves as a compelling case study, offering insights into the intricate relationship between consumer culture, tradition, and humor in advertising.

This dissertation analyzes selected pieces of work related to the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) produced during the twenty-first-century as cultural artifacts to be considered in their historical and socio-political context. Specifically, my dissertation focuses on the relationship between the way the conflict is depicted and the message it conveys. Parting from the premise that there has been an overproduction of lieu de mémoire that has transformed the Spanish war into a cultural trend, the civil war-esque, I study a number of humor works. Precisely, these humorous works deconstruct such trend by considering its most common characteristics: the use of metafiction and nostalgia. The Introduction presents the socio-political situation of contemporary Spain, the civil war-esque trend, and different categories of humor. In the first chapter I focus on the TV-series Plaza de España (2011). By combining the theoretical framework of the sitcom and the Critical Analysis of Discourse, I demonstrate that the program reinforces the official message in regard to the Spanish recent past. In the second chapter I examine the novel La comedia salvaje (2009) by José Ovejero. This parody, understood by the lens of Bakhtin, invites the readers to be skeptical about what they know and what they have been told about the war. In the third chapter I study the film The Last Circus I (2010) by Álex de la Iglesia. Departing from an esperpento, the film leaves this genre behind and transforms itself into a satire which demythifies the traditional research method, such as visiting archives or interviewing witnesses, and opts for imagination to reproduce a traumatic past. Finally, the goal of this dissertation is to help envisage that a wider, and at the same time critical representation, of the Spanish Civil War its possible, and in turn could lead on to a potential change in the Spanish current cultural production as well as its social and political situation.

Barbara Garson’s controversial play, MacBird!, was written and produced during the Vietnam War era and Johnson administration. The satirical Shakespeare adaptation equates LBJ with Macbeth, the villainous tragic hero who murders his king in order to gain the Scottish crown. The implication that Johnson was responsible for the assassination of JFK created a fury of controversy among critics and the public, as well as the political leaders who were parodied. The play was first published and circulated in 1966 as an underground leaflet. In 1967, it was produced off-Broadway with a cast that featured actors Rue McClanahan, William Devane, Cleavon Little, and Stacy Keach, who won an Obie Award for his performance of the title role. The show launched the careers of these actors. Critics were divided in their reviews of the play’s literary merit, but all seemed to agree that the piece was shocking and significant because it flew in the face of patriotism and of reverence for presidential authority. At the time of its production, acclaimed theater critic Robert Brustein named MacBird! “the most explosive play” of the Sixties theater movement. This dissertation presents the history of the play, within its social and political setting, from its inception through its production and abrupt disappearance at the peak of its success, which coincided with the assassination of Robert Kennedy. Relying upon methodology that includes primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews with the playwright and others involved in the play, this work presents the publication and production history of MacBird!, public and White House response to the play, a contextual analysis under a feminist lens, and a final chapter on MacBird! as a precursor to feminist adaptations of canonical works, Sixties-era Macbeth adaptations, and the notable women whose work intersected in MacBird! MacBird! was a tremendous event in theater history; it belongs at the fore of adaptation studies, particularly Shakespeare and feminist adaptation studies; it is a prime model of performance as a political tool and therefore earns a central place in performance studies; and because it is an attack on patriarchal power and a rare example of a Sixties radical play written by a woman, Barbara Garson needs to be recognized among remarkable women of theater. / text

La thèse propose une lecture postcoloniale des romans de Margaret Atwood s'articulant sur le thème du mensonge. A travers l'étude de six aspets communs aux romans (l'intertextualité, le mensonge, le réalisme magique, le "trickster", l'hybridité et la quête), la thèse démontre l'importance du motif du mensonge dans une lecture postcoloniale de l'auteur. The thesis produces a postcolonial reading of Margaret Atwood's novels, based on the concept of deception. Articulated on six major elements of analysis (intertextual parody, deception, magic realism, trickster figures, hybridity, and quest pattern, the thesis shows how Margaret Atwood's novels can be read from a postcolonial point of view, within which the motif of deception plays a central role.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Title: Dragshow on the seven seas</p><p>Number of pages: 51 (56 including enclosures)</p><p>Author: Therése Plastrougi</p><p>Tutor: Ylva Ekström</p><p>Course: Media and Communication Studies C</p><p>Period: Fall 2007</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University</p><p>Purpose/Aim: My main purpose with this paper is 1) to study how film as a media can subvert traditional gender constructions and 2) study the character of Elizabeth Swann in the trilogy Pirates of the Caribbean through four dimensions; Gender performance, Class, Desire and Power.</p><p>Material/Method: My main material is the trilogy Pirates of the Caribbean. I have studied Elizabeth’s character based on semiotic and narratological methods.</p><p>Main results: Film as a media possesses the full potential to change traditional gender roles, but the full subversion is denied due to the heterosexual matrix. Elizabeth’s character almost completes her subversive journey throughout the trilogy, but since she too is a victim of the heterosexual matrix, a full subversion is not possible.</p><p>Key words: gender performance, class, desire, power, sex/gender, subversion, narratologic, semiotic, queer, feminism, pirates of the caribbean, intersectionality, parody</p>