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No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Emannuella Hayanna Alves de Lira.pdf: 1372178 bytes, checksum: 438b6581ece1ed43e8780c22ab7498f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the present study is proposed test the hypothesis that salinity affects the mobilization of reserves for the development of Jatrophaseedlings with damage to the growth and stabilization of the seedlings. The study consisted of three experiments, where in the 1st was standardized the experimental driving time, salt dosages and the best time to collect the seedlings to be used in subsequent experiments. For this purpose, were used two genotypes of Jatropha (CNPAPM-X and CNPAPM-III) and 5 concentrations of NaCl (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 mM) applied between the 4th and 8th days after sowing. In this experiment it was found that the NaCl dose which provided the highest germination rate for the CNPAPM-X genotype was 200 mM and for CNPAPM-III genotype was 50 mM.Furthermore, it was observed that the genotype CNPAPM-X was more tolerant to salt stress, during the germination phase, than the CNPAPM-III genotype. Thus, the doses of 75 and 150 mMNaCl were defined such as moderate and severe, respectively, to be used in subsequent experiments. In experiment 2, to define the effect of salinity on the initial growth of Jatropha seedlings were evaluated the water status through the moisture percentage, relative water content, ion partition and physiological damage in membrane seedlings treated with 0; 75 and 150 mMNaCl. In this experiment it could be suggested that the water status of Jatropha seedlings is hampered by the increasing salinity, by reducing the accumulation capacity + of water by plants and this may be associated with increased content of Na especially on the stem, indicating that this part works like asaccumulator of this ion.The relationship between the effects of salinity on growth of seedlings were evaluated in the third experiment through quantification of sugars, starch, proteins, amino acids and lipids in cotyledonary leaves, stem and roots. In this experiment there was an increase in the content of all classes of macromolecules analyzed in at least one of the organs studied. This experiment concluded that the accumulation of these macromolecules in the analyzed parts could assist in osmotic adjustment process Jatrophaseedlings under salinity, although this accumulation has not been able to prevent losses in the biomass of plants. Further, it was found that salinity caused inhibition of lipid mobilization and carbon reserves, factors that together with the synthesis of proteins and amino acids contribute to the salinity tolerance of these plants. / No presente trabalho propôs-se testara hipótese de que a salinidade afeta a mobilização de reservas durante o desenvolvimento de plântulas de pinhão manso com prejuízos ao crescimento e estabilização das plântulas. A pesquisa constou de 3experimentos, onde no1°padronizou-se , as doses de sal e a melhor fase para a coleta das plântulas a serem utilizadas nos experimentos subsequentes. Para tanto, utilizou-se dois genótipos de pinhão manso (CNPAPM-X e CNPAPM- III) e 5 concentrações de NaCl (0; 50; 100; 150; 200mM) aplicados entre o 4° e 8° dia após a semeadura. Nesse experimento verificou-se que a dose de NaCl que proporcionou maior índice de germinação para o genótipo CNPAPM-X foi a de 200 mM e para o genótipo CNPAPM-III foi a de 50 mM.Ainda, observou-se que o genótipo CNPAPM-X foi mais tolerante à salinidade durante a fase germinativa do que o genótipo CNPAPM-III. Assim, definiu-se as doses de 75 e 150 mM de NaCl como tratamentos moderado e severo, respectivamente, a serem utilizados nos experimentos subsequentes. No experimento 2 para se definir o efeito da salinidade no crescimento inicial de plântulas de pinhão manso avaliou-se o status hídrico através do percentual de umidade, conteúdo relativo de água, partição iônica e os danos fisiológicos em membrana de plântulas tratadas com 0; 75 e 150 mM de NaCl. Nesse experimento é possível sugerir que o status hídrico de plântulas depinhão manso é prejudicado pelo aumento da salinidade, através de uma redução na capacidade do acumulo de água pelas plantas e que isso + pode estar associado ao aumento do conteúdo de Na principalmente no caule, indicando que este órgão funciona como acumulador deste íon. A relação entre os efeitos da salinidade no crescimento de plântulas foram avaliados no experimento 3 através da quantificação de açucares, amido, proteínas, aminoácidos e lipídios em folhas cotiledonares, caule e raízes. Nesse experimento observou-se aumento no conteúdo de todas as classe de macromoléculas analisadas em ao menos 1 dos órgão estudados.Este experimento permitiu concluir que o acúmulo dossolutos orgânicosanalisados podem auxiliar no processo de ajustamento osmótico de plântulas de pinhão manso sob salinidade, embora esse acumulo não tenha sido capaz de impedir as perdas na biomassa das plântulas.Ainda, verificou-se que a salinidade provocou inibição da mobilização de lipídios e reservas de carbono, fatores que juntamente com a síntese de proteínas e aminoácidos contribuem para a tolerância dessas plantas a salinidade.

Nesta tese estudamos o conceito de grau de um morfismo irredutível em ${m mod}A$ relacionado ao conceito de teoria de partições pós-projetiva e pré-injetiva de uma álgebra de artin $A$. Introduzimos o conceito de grau de um morfismo irredutível em relação a uma categoria ${\\mathfrak D}$ de ${m ind}A$ e estudamos o caso em que ${\\mathfrak D}$ é um elemento da partição ${\\bf P_0}, \\cdots, {\\bf P_{\\infty}}$. Dentro do contexto de grau de um irredutível em relação a uma subcategoria resolvemos um problema proposto por Chaio, Le meur e Trepode em \\cite. Utilizando as partições pós-projetiva e pré-injetiva obtemos outra demonstração para a caracterização de álgebras de tipo finito obtida em \\cite e obtemos uma caracterização semelhante para subcategorias de módulos $\\Delta$-bons de tipo finito de ${m mod}A$ tal que $A$ é uma álgebra quasi-hereditária. Também utilizamos a teoria de partições para provar que, dada uma álgebra quasi-hereditária $A$ e ${\\cal F}(\\Delta) \\subseteq {m mod}A$, se $({m rad}_{\\Delta}^{\\infty})^2=0$ então ${\\cal F}(\\Delta)$ é de tipo finito. / In this thesis we analyse the concept of the degree of an irreducible morphism associated to the theory of postprojective and preinjective partitions. We introduce the idea of the degree of an irreducible morphism with respect to a subcategory ${\\mathfrak D}$ and we study the case in which ${\\mathfrak D}$ is an element of the postprojective partition ${\\bf P_0}, \\cdots, {\\bf P_{\\infty}}$. By using the concept of the degree of an irreducible morphism with respect to a subcategory ${\\mathfrak D}$ we present a solution to a problem recently proposed by Chaio, Le Meur and Trepode in \\cite. We also use the theory of postprojective and preprojective partitions to give another proof to the characterization of finite type algebras obtained by Chaio and Liu in \\cite and we apply similar techniques to obtain a characterization of finite type ${\\cal F}(\\Delta)$ subcategories where ${\\cal F}(\\Delta)$ is the subcategory of $\\Delta$-good modules of the category of finitely generated modules over a quasi-hereditary algebra. We also prove that given a quasi-hereditary algebra $A$ and ${\\cal F}(\\Delta) \\subseteq {m mod}A$, if $({m rad}_{\\Delta}^{\\infty})^2=0$ then ${\\cal F}(\\Delta)$ is of finite type.

In this dissertation, we introduce three techniques for network sciences. The first of these techniques is a series of new models for describing network growth. These models, called network specialization models, are built with the idea that networks grow by specializing the function of subnetworks. Using these models we create theoretical networks which exhibit well-known properties of real networks. We also demonstrate how the spectral properties are preserved as the models grow. The second technique we describe is a method for decomposing networks that contain automorphisms in a way that preserves the spectrum of the original graph. This method for graph (or equivalently matrix) decomposition is called an equitable decomposition. Previously this method could only be used for particular classes of automorphisms, but in this dissertation we have extended this theory to work for every automorphism. Further we explain a number of applications which use equitable decompositions. The third technique we describe is a generalization of network symmetry, called latent symmetry. We give numerous examples of networks which contain latent symmetries and also prove some properties about them

For a graph G=(V,E) and a set of vertices S, a vertex v in S is said to be very cost effective if it is adjacent to more vertices in V -S than in S. A bipartition pi={S, V- S} is called very cost effective if both S and V- S are very cost effective sets. Not all graphs have a very cost effective bipartition, for example, the complete graphs of odd order do not. We consider several families of graphs G, including Cartesian products and cacti graphs, to determine whether G has a very cost effective bipartition.

Covering arrays for words of length t over a d letter alphabet are k × n arrays with entries from the alphabet so that for each choice of t columns, each of the dt t-letter words appears at least once among the rows of the selected columns. We study two schemes in which all words are not considered to be different. In the first case, words are equivalent if they induce the same partition of a t element set. In the second case, words of the same weighted sum are equivalent. In both cases we produce logarithmic upper bounds on the minimum size k = k(n) of a covering array. Most definitive results are for t = 2, 3, 4.

The Miocene rhyolites of the Spor Mountain Formation hosts the world's largest beryllium deposit which produced 85% of the world's beryllium in 2010. The fresh lava is extremely enriched in Be (up to 75 ppm in matrix glass). We have examined the rhyolite to understand the Be enrichment. The Spor Mountain rhyolite contains ~40% quartz, ~40% sanidine, ~10% biotite, and ~10% plagioclase, along with accessory fluorite, columbite, euxenite, fergusonite, monazite, thorite, and zircon. Two types of rhyolite erupted within the Spor Mountain Formation, a less evolved magma (1150 ppm Rb, 42 ppm Be, 0.68 wt% F in matrix glass) and an evolved magma (1710 ppm Rb, 75 ppm Be, 1.56 wt% F in matrix glass). Eruption temperatures estimated using zircon saturation, feldspar-liquid, two feldspar, and Ti-in-quartz geothermometers converge on 718 °C for the less evolved magma and 682 °C for the evolved magma. Using the Ti-in-Qz equation of Huang and Audetat (2012), the pressure of the Spor Mountain rhyolite system is estimated to be around 2 kbar at 700°C. Water content of the rhyolite melt was less than <5 wt%, based on the presence of all four major mineral phases at 700°C and the magma was water undersaturated (Webster et al., 1987). Viscosity of the rhyolite was about 6.2 log Pa·s for the less evolved rhyolite and 5.8 log Pa·s for the evolved rhyolite. Magma viscosities calculated using the Einstein-Roscoe question suggest the evolved magma has a slightly higher viscosity than the less evolved magma (7.0 log Pa·s in the evolved magma vs 6.7 log Pa·s in the less evolved magma) because of higher phenocryst content. Fluorine lowered the melt viscosity, though not by a significant amount (less than 0.5 log units at 1.7 wt% F). Partition coefficients for 32 elements have been calculated for biotite, for 21 elements for sanidine and plagioclase, and for 6 elements for quartz, using data acquired by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Partition coefficients for feldspars in the Spor Mountain rhyolite are generally higher than other silicic magmas, and lower for biotite. Beryllium is one of the most incompatible trace elements in the Spor Mountain rhyolite, with a bulk partition coefficient <0.1. Volatile content of the melt (specifically F), melt composition, and the low temperature of crystallization act as the major controls of trace element partitioning. Trace element models using these partition coefficients suggests that crystal fractionation is the dominant magmatic enrichment process within the rhyolite, requiring ~45% crystallization (f = 55%) of the observed phenocrysts to get compositions from the less evolved to evolved rhyolite. Accumulation of batches of melt formed by different degrees of partial melting cannot explain the great depletion of compatible elements.

In this dissertation we first introduce an extension of the notion of parking functions to cars of different sizes. We prove a product formula for the number of such sequences and provide a refinement using a multi-parameter extension of the Abel--Rothe polynomial. Next, we study the incidence Hopf algebra on the noncrossing partition lattice. We demonstrate a bijection between the terms in the canceled chain decomposition of its antipode and noncrossing hypertrees. Thirdly, we analyze the sum of the 𝑟th powers of the descent set statistic on permutations and how many small prime factors occur in these numbers. These results depend upon the base 𝑝 expansion of both the dimension and the power of these statistics. Finally, we inspect the ƒ-vector of the descent polytope DPv, proving a maximization result using an analogue of the boustrophedon transform.

In this dissertation, I will explore how 1990s and 2000s British, Irish and South Asian historical films represented the violent legacy of partition on the island of Ireland and in South Asia, respectively. I contend that a cross-regional and cross-national examination of the relationships between national memory, national cinema and minority will reveal that partition had a similar effect on Irish, South Asian and Northern Irish societies: the alignment of a normative national identity with a particular religious identity. This study will explore how key Irish, British and South Asian cinematic texts, despite being produced in disparate production contexts, similarly represent the brutal marginalization of gendered and religious minorities as a central legacy of partition. In my engagement with these films, I have two central areas of exploration. The first is how these films challenge state or majoritarian histories by presenting themselves as historical texts that correct the historical record. I will show how state histories (Michael Collins), majoritarian narratives (Hey!Ram), repressed gendered minority histories (Khamosh Pani, The Magdalene Sisters) and post-conflict narratives (Five Minutes of Heaven and Fiza) contest majoritarian or colonial histories. The second, and ancillary, area of exploration is how the international trauma film genre influences the films' respective representations of atrocity. I argue that trauma theory can help us understand minorities' relationship to the state and the ongoing impact of particular historical events on community and nation. To ground my comparative analysis, I draw from postcolonial theory, poststructuralism and trauma theory. In conclusion, I will contend that these films' minority figures remind us of the dangers of nationalism's limited imaginative boundaries and the role that cinema plays in helping us to think beyond its limitations.

En raison de leur toxicité, les Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) font partie des polluants atmosphériques devant faire l'objet d'une surveillance (directive cadre européenne 96/62/CE du 27 septembre 1996). De par leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, certains de ces composés sont présents dans l'atmosphère simultanément en phases gazeuse et particulaire. Leur impact sanitaire et environnemental, différent selon la phase considérée, impose le prélèvement et l'analyse séparée des deux phases. Actuellement, la méthode la plus couramment utilisée pour l'échantillonnage simultané et séparé des phases gazeuse et particulaire est le préleveur à Haut-débit. Mais de nombreux auteurs ont montré que cette méthode engendrait des artefacts de prélèvement qui induisaient des erreurs dans l'estimation des concentrations. Ce travail de thèse répond à la nécessité de disposer d'un outil de prélèvement des HAP dépourvu d'artefact de prélèvement. Dans ce contexte, nos recherches ont porté sur la validation de la méthode de prélèvement par tube denuder multi-annulaire. Cette validation s'est articulée autour de tests en conditions contrôlées (banc à perméation, banc à rouleaux) afin d'évaluer l'impact des principaux paramètres susceptibles d'influer sur les performances du tube (température, humidité, concentration en HAP, taille des particules, conditions de prélèvement), et de prélèvements d'échantillons réels (atmosphériques) pour évaluer l'effet de la matrice environnementale. Elle a été complétée par une comparaison avec le préleveur conventionnel, à partir de prélèvements à l'émission d'un véhicule diesel (banc à rouleaux). Il ressort de l'ensemble de ces tests que le tube denuder multi-annulaire est une méthode adaptée au prélèvement simultané des HAP en phases gazeuse et particulaire, dans une gamme de conditions expérimentales couvrant largement le domaine de conditions généralement rencontrées dans l'environnement. Pour une étude plus précise du phénomène de distribution gaz-particule des HAP, le remplacement des préleveurs conventionnels par des systèmes «tube denuder» est ainsi fortement souhaitable.

Le but principal de ce manuscrit est de montrer que certaines familles de graphes sont des graphes plongeables dans l'hypercube. Un problème d'une autre nature sera traité, il concerne la partition de l'hypercube en des cycles sommet-disjoints de longueur paires. Nous prouvons que l'hypercube de dimension n peut être partitionné en k cycles sommet-disjoints si k