In some schools in Gauteng the School Governing Bodies operate in such a way that some principals dominate them and impose rules upon teachers and pretend as if the directives are instructions from the SGBs whereas they are not. According to Heystek (in De Groof, Heystek, Malherbe and Squelch, 1997:152), in many cases, the true focus of power and authority remains where it has always been. This simply means that sometimes conflict will arise between the school principal and the School Governing Body (SGB) because some school principals will try by all means to cling to power even if the South African Schools Act tries to decentralise the power of school governance. The thesis focuses on aspects of the relationship between the school principals and the School Governing Bodies (SGBs), their duties and responsibilities, and the effects of their relationship on the learners, teachers and parents. A proper demarcation of duties and responsibilities of the School Governing Bodies and those of school principals will help them to govern and manage the schools harmoniously and effectively. The irony is that principals must empower and train their SGBs who are supposed to be their partners but who sometimes become their competitors and the contradiction is how can one empower his/her competitor. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

Africa is facing many challenges which range from underdevelopment to high poverty levels. Although Africa is richly endowed with natural resources, the continent continues to be a source of raw material for the North. This state of affairs cannot be allowed to continue indefinitely. The high level of debt owed to multilateral organisations compounds the challenge by limiting investment inflows. Through the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), the African Union (AU) has the potential to stimulate growth and development on the continent in pursuit of the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Undoubtedly, the African Union’s NEPAD faces many challenges itself. The benefits of the multilateral trade regime will only become freely available if factors such as the negative multiplier effects associated with the accomplishment of the ideal of African integration and market access, could be mitigated. The success of NEPAD is not a given for Africa and necessitates visionary leadership. It has to be earned and as a matter of course will involve some sacrifices. Africa will have to mobilise intra-continental investment to leverage Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The point of departure of this research study is that the NEPAD initiative is an African programme which must be led by Africans themselves, especially the intelligentsia. The Africans in the diaspora also constitute a valuable source of capacity to implement NEPAD. NEPAD promotes the participation of Africa in global affairs in pursuit of the African Renaissance. It is imperative that the architects of NEPAD listen to the concerns being raised by its opponents and continuously engage the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and the intended beneficiary society. It should be noted that the private sector can partner with governments in supporting the objectives of NEPAD. There is a need to harmonise policies of different AU member states to give effect to regional cooperation and integration. Regional integration can enhance the mobilisation of resources through economies of scale that will position Africa to penetrate global markets and to attract direct foreign investment. Globalisation itself should not be viewed as a threat, but as presenting new economic challenges and potential opportunities for regional integration. It is time that the Africans their own agenda within Africa. Africans must rise jointly to this occasion and emancipate themselves from dependence associated with underdevelopment and poverty. Africa has the potential and the capacity to succeed through the effective implementation of NEPAD. The time for Africa is now. / Thesis (PhD (Public Affairs))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

The point of departure of this dissertation is that notwithstanding the controversy about the right to development (RTD), the African human rights system expressly recognises it as a human right of a collective nature. The content of this right is a bundle of rights (civil and political as well as economic, social and cultural) which should be understood in their interdependency and interconnectedness. In addition, the RTD is a claim for a global justice characterized by a fair and equitable redistribution of the world’s resources. The purpose of this dissertation is to critically investigate the extent to which the RTD can be realised under the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). NEPAD is the economic and development arm of the African Union which is compelled by its human rights mandate to ‘promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights including the RTD. The dissertation looks at how NEPAD could be used to realise the RTD in Africa. After clarifying the theoretical and contextual links between NEPAD and the RTD, explaining the concepts pertaining to RTD, its nature and after locating its existence in the African human rights system, the dissertation examines the prospects for the realisation of this right through NEPAD. In doing so, it analyses NEPAD from a human rights perspective. It then goes on to look at the extent to which NEPAD’s programmes on vulnerable groups and participation, are integrated into national development policies in Africa through case studies of Cameroon and South Africa. The dissertation also examines whether the new global partnership as prescribed by NEPAD is conducive to the realisation of the RTD. The basic conclusion is that although NEPAD’s plan to foster the provision of goods and services is not defined in terms of legal entitlements, with legal mechanisms to claim such entitlements, NEPAD’s objectives and purposes are to improve human welfare, which is also the objective of the RTD. However, to enhance the prospects for the achievement of the RTD in Africa, NEPAD should establish and strengthen mechanisms for a full domestication and ownership of its plans and standards in African states. It should also strengthen the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) institutions at both continental and national levels. Further, it should involve the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, which has expertise in human rights, in its APRM. At the global level, among others, NEPAD should not only strive to be economically self-reliant, but its member states should speak with ‘one voice’ and present the African Union/NEPAD’s position at international fora and consistently ensure that Africa’s development contracts and agreements are informed by international human rights standards. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe parents' and caregivers' retrospective experiences of a higher education-rural school partnership providing educational psychology services. The study aimed to inform knowledge on community engagement with schools and forms part of the broad FLY (Flourishing Learning Youth) community engagement initiative that has been ongoing since 2006. The current study utilised interpretivism as metatheory and qualitative research as methodological paradigm. An instrumental case study design was utilised, with a specific higher education-rural school partnership conveniently sampled. Subsequently twelve parents or caregivers to a child/ren who participated in the relevant community engagement initiative at any time since 2006, were purposefully selected. Two field visits were taken for data collection purposes; the first included Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) discussions between participants, whilst the second visit entailed member checking. I relied on written recording of the participants' dialogue on PRA posters, audio recordings of their poster presentations, observations throughout the process, photographs taken and a reflective journal as data collection and documentation strategies. From thematic data analysis two main themes emerged. Firstly, participants identified the partnership as a platform of educational opportunity, which allowed for children's development on a cognitive and socio-emotional level. Secondly, participants emphasised their hope for the continuation and growth of the partnership in the future. Participants expect the partnership to broaden in multiple ways, such as involving parents and caregivers, providing them with a safe space to voice their opinions, and incorporating a parental guidance element. Based on the findings of the study I can conclude that according to parents and caregivers, community engagement with schools provides an opportunity for the mobilisation of children assets to result in their positive development. Furthermore, when additionally activating the assets of the parents, community engagement can be strengthened. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

Cooperative education program was introduced into undergraduate hospitality degree program to help students be better prepared for their careers. A cooperative partnership between the industry and universities results in both sides receiving benefits. This study identifies the benefits industry partners receive from a cooperative education program. The implications of these benefits leads to the evaluation of hospitality cooperative education. From the results of the evaluation, recommendations are proposed for redesigning the cooperative education program.

Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.

This master thesis is focused on the Transtlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and its possible impact on the EU and the US. The aim is to examine the economic and geopolitical implications that could come out of this deal. Closer look on this issue should bring a complex overview on the most discussed trade agreement in international relationship in the 21st century. Comparative approach will be used for detail analysis. Thesis deals with the comparison with current state of bilateral trade between EU and US. In more details TTIP negotiations are being described in this thesis as well its basic concept, advantages and disadvantages for both parties and impacts on Europe and US markets.

L'étude du coût des inondations passées est essentielle pour permettre aux parties prenantes, publiques et privées, d'améliorer la gestion et la prévention des risques. Les retours d'expérience sur les dommages économiques sont notamment utiles aux gestionnaires de bassin pour justifier leurs mesures de protection ou aux assureurs pour évaluer l'exposition réelle de leurs portefeuilles. Pourtant seuls les événements les plus meurtriers, coûteux ou médiatiques sont étudiés de manière approfondie. Même si elles sont rares, il existe des informations et des données sur des événements moins dommageables, plus locaux et fréquents ; mais elles sont difficiles à exploiter car produites par des acteurs très variés qui communiquent peu entre eux et agissent sur des périmètres différents.L'objectif de cette thèse est de favoriser le partage d'informations entre assureurs et acteurs locaux pour améliorer les connaissances sur les facteurs explicatifs de sinistralité et proposer des pistes d'amélioration dans la prévention des inondations, en exploitant les concepts de périmètres spatio-temporels des événements naturels, l'évaluation des dommages causés par les inondations et les notions d'observation territoriale. / Cost analysis of past flood events is essential for public and private stakeholders to improve the management and risk prevention. For instance, past events lessons learnt allow floodplain managers to justify their preventive measures or insurers to comfort by experience the assessments made on their portfolio's exposure. Yet only the most deadly, costly or dramatic (in the media at least) floods are being studied. Few in number, information and data are available on less damaging events which are more local and frequent, but they are difficult to use because they are produced by a variety of actors who do not communicate with each other and have different scopes of actions.The aim of this PhD work is to promote the sharing of knowledge between public and private stakeholders to better understand the origin of the claims and propose new ways to improve the flood prevention. The research is therefore based on the concept of natural event spatio-temporal scopes, the flood damage assessment and territorial observation.

Ce travail doctoral se situe dans le cadre du management public qui s'intéresse principalement à étudier l’impact des modes de gouvernance public-privé sur l’efficience technique des remontées mécaniques. Une étude empirique a été menée auprès de 68 entreprises de remontées mécaniques sur cinq ans (2006-2010). Ces données ont été traitées au moyen d’une étude quantitative confirmatoire à l’aide d’un modèle statistique. La recherche quantitative a pour objectif final de tester la validité des deux modèles de recherche proposée à l’issue de l’analyse de la littérature. Le premier modèle de frontière stochastique se compose de trois variables explicatives (productivité du capital, productivité du travail et moment de puissance), et de trois variables de contrôle (taille, altitude et effectif) et d'une variable à expliquer (la journée skieur). Le second se compose de deux variables explicatives (régie et SEM) et d’une variable à expliquée (l’inefficience technique). Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en avant l'importance des modes de gouvernance (régie ou SEM) dans le processus d’augmentation de l’efficience technique des remontées mécaniques. Une deuxième étude empirique (2011-2013) approche la compétitivité par la mesure de la productivité des opérateurs de remontées mécaniques. A l’aide de l’indice de productivité de Malmquist et ses deux composantes, nous cherchons à appréhender les changements de productivité entre deux périodes de temps, puis, dans un second temps, cette productivité est décomposée en deux éléments afin de mettre en évidence le progrès technologique. Alors,la relation entre taille et variation de l’efficience technique est vérifiée. / Public-Private Partnership is a tool for modernization and renewal of public intervention, its main goal is to achieve very high levels of performance. This doctoral work is therefore in the context of public management that focuses on studying the impact of public-private modes of governance on the technical efficiency of ski lifts. To answer our questions, an empirical study was conducted among 68 ski lift companies over five years (2006-2010). These data have been processed using a quantitative confirmatory study using a statistical model. To test the validity of the two models proposed by the literature, a quantitative research has been conducted. The first stochastic frontier model consists of three variables (capital productivity, labor productivity and power momentum), and three control variables (size, altitude and staff) and a dependent variable (the skier day). The second model of technical inefficiency consists of two explanatory variables (“time and materials » and SEM) and an explanatory variable (technical inefficiency). The results of this research outline, among other things, the importance of modes of governance (“time and materials » or SEM) in the process of increasing the technical efficiency of ski lifts. The second empirical study (2011-2013) which approaches the competitiveness of the French winter sports resorts by the measure of the productivity of the operators of ski lifts. By means of the indication of productivity of Malmquist and its two constituents, we look to arrest the changes of productivity then, this productivity is decomposed into two elements. Then, the relation between size and variation Technical efficiency is verified.

In my diploma thesis I focus on non-profit sector which is becoming more and more important partner of the public service in realization of developing activities in a local and regional level not only in the Czech Republic, but even in other countries of EU. The work analyses a curent structure of non-profit sector in the Czech Republic and represents typology and financial reseources of non-profit organizations. It especially focuses on financial arrangements that non-profit sector obtains through the public service and also private subjects. One of the resources of non-profit organizations, which I am concerned with is fundraising that plays an importnant role as a free financial ressource for security of some public services and realizaiton developing arrangements in level of municipality, cities and regions. I present on a concrete example the proces of fundrising application in non-profit, non-governmental organization People in Need. I analyse the effectivity of this method and propose possible solutions of donator access improvement.