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Culverts can increase stream velocities as a result of reduced waterway areas and prevent upstream passage of small non-salmonid fish such as the Native Utah Leatherside chub (Gila copei) and Longnose dace (Rhinichthyscataractae). To mitigate this problem, current culvert design standards for fish passage match sustained fish swim speeds with average cross sectional velocity through the culvert. Such policies dictate relatively large barrels and do not recognize the role of reduced velocity zones near culvert boundaries. Obstacles and streambed substrate create turbulent regions with lower velocity zones that can increase upstream fish passage. A comparison of upstream passage success using native Utah fish in an experimental flume was conducted with three different conditions: (1) a smooth boundary, (2) a smooth boundary with strategically placed cylinders, and (3) a boundary consisting of natural substrate. The refuge provided by the cylinders and substrate allowed fish to expend less energy as they swam upstream. Energy expenditure was compared between the conditions by mapping the velocity field near the boundary and tracing fish swim paths. Substrate provided sufficient refuge for the fish to behave in a manner similar to their behavior in a natural environment and with significantly reduced energy expenditure. Cylinders provided limited refuge that allowed fish to rest periodically as they navigated the flume. The smooth boundary case required the highest energy expenditure as there was no refuge provided. Fish swimming capabilities in the form of prolonged and burst velocities have been recorded for most species. Streamwise velocity near the boundary can be compared to the prolonged and burst swim speeds to predict passage rates. Further field testing is necessary to fully substantiate the effectiveness of utilizing reduced velocity zones in non-salmonid fish passage prediction. If such a design approach can be used instead of using the conservative but overly simplistic average velocity to evaluate the retrofit of existing culverts and to design new culverts it will help minimize costs and result in fewer culvert replacements and smaller and simpler new designs. Other implications such as downstream effects on stream bed stability and scour remain an issue.

Native fishes have become an increasingly important concern when designing fish passable culverts. Many operational culverts constrict waterways which increase velocities and prevent upstream passage of small fish species. The current method to ensure fish passage is to match the average cross sectional velocity to the sustained swim speed of the fish. This study investigates the passage rates of leatherside chub (Lepidomeda aliciae) and speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) at three sites (an arch culvert with substrate bottom, box culvert with bare bottom, and a stream section with no culvert) located on Salina Creek near Salina, UT. It was found that fish were able to pass through all of the sites. However, fish were able to take advantage of the habitat within the culvert that had a substrate bottom more effectively than within the culvert that had no substrate within the barrel. This was reflected in population density estimates at each of the three test sites for each species. It was also found that the substrate at the arch culvert and stream sites scaled with the fish measured in this study. The D50 and D84 were 44 and 205 mm at the arch culvert site and 26 and 126 mm at the stream site. The average fish length was 76 mm for the chub and 64 mm for the dace. It is recommended that (1) a culvert size that produces a velocity equal to the prolonged swim speed of target fish in the near boundary region (2 cm above the bed) be used in the future, and (2) substrate that scales with the target fish species be placed in the culvert barrel.

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This project is about capturing the historical moments of a place by collecting and translating memories into experiences. Let me take you through the journey how I got here. Architecture, in particular, acts as a tangible link between the past, present, and future, anchoring itself as a significant point in the timeline of a location and culture. I believe, each of us perceives spaces in our own unique way, shaped by our individual previous experiences. Memories are strongly connected to sensory experiences because our senses play a fundamental role in how we perceive and recall the world around us. And I think visual as well as sensory aspects of memory is crucial to capture the essence of a place. Therefore, I decided to work in the south of Södermalm, an area rich of history, cultural events and memories. My experience of the area is much different so I chose to interview a few people who used to live or spend time in the area. I chose 3 people who have common experiences that shaped the area and I introduced their memories in my project. Their collective experiences became my driving force of the design.

Molecular cell biology has been an intensively studied interdisciplinary field with the rapid development of experimental techniques and fast upgrade of computational hardware and numerical tools. Recent technological developments have led to single-cell experiments which allow us to probe the role of stochasticity in cellular processes. Stochastic modeling of the corresponding processes is thus an essential ingredient for the understanding and interpretation of cellular systems of interest. In this thesis, we explore several nucleation-based stochastic cellular processes, i.e. Min protein oscillation in Escherichia coli, pausing phenomena in DNA transcription, and single-molecule enzyme kinetics. We focus on the key experimental results and build up stochastic models accordingly to provide quantitative insights to the underlying physical mechanisms for the corresponding biological processes. We utilize specific mathematical methods and computational algorithms to gain a better understanding and make predictions for further experimental explorations in the relevant fields. / Ph. D.

This project is a building in a town, for a town. Public, semi-public, and private spaces are designed on a narrow site. A simple, repeated form makes the building a container for filtered sunlight. A secondary form is inserted into this structure, a closed block in the open container. Three materials, concrete, stone, and wood, bring a greater clarity to these parts, defining places and engaging the senses. / Master of Architecture

Selon le recensement de 2009, la population néo-calédonienne se compose de 245 558 personnes ; les moins de 30 ans en représentent approximativement la moitié. Les Mélanésiens, appelés Kanaks/Canaques, primo-habitants, forment alors 40 % environ de la population totale. De par l’héritage historique, cette population se trouve dans un entre-deux culturel, partagée entre l’attachement à la tradition des ancêtres et les tendances d’une occidentalisation liée à la colonisation. Selon les informations fournies par la police de Nouméa, depuis les années 2000, la Nouvelle-Calédonie connaît une augmentation très importante de la délinquance.Notre étude a pour but d’identifier les caractéristiques de la délinquance chez les adolescents néo-calédoniens, leur nature et leurs origines. Nous chercherons ainsi à mettre en évidence les facteurs qui ont prévalu à l’installation de cette situation. Dans cette recherche, nous nous interrogerons particulièrement à la substitution du rite de passage par l’acte délictueux comme moyen de reconnaissance sociale et nous analyserons les relations qui existent entre la délinquance et les facteurs culturels. Pour la présente étude, nous nous appuyons sur un échantillon de 331 adolescents issus de deux populations : des jeunes « conventionnels » et des jeunes « judiciarisés ». Tous ont été soumis à un même questionnaire relatif à leur identité ethnique, à leur degré d’attachement à leur groupe d’appartenance culturelle ainsi qu’à leurs pratiques de délinquance auto-révélée. Concernant la population « judiciarisée », le recueil de données s’appuie également sur des entretiens cliniques, ainsi que sur la passation de tests psychométriques. Les résultats portent respectivement sur les données quantitatives et les analyses qualitatives. / In the heart of the Pacific Ocean, the archipelago known as New Caledonia is experiencing a significant increase in crime since the 2000s, according to information provided by police in Nouméa, the capital city. Its population is relatively young. Those who are less than thirty years old represent approximately half the population. In this multicultural country, modernity and ancestral tradition coexist for some indigenous ethnic groups. Our study aims to identify the characteristics of adolescent delinquency in New Caledonia, addressing its nature and origins. Thus we seek to highlight the factors that have prevailed which created this circumstance. In particular, our research will examine the relationship between delinquency and cultural factors, and the existing links between the quest for ethnic identity and belonging to emerging gangs.For our study, we relied on a sample of 331 adolescents drawn from two groups: conventional youth, and young offenders. All were subjected to the same questionnaire regarding their ethnic identity, their degree of attachment to their gang, their cultural practices, as well as their professed delinquency. Regarding the offenders, our data collection also relied on clinical interviews, as well as the results of their psychometric tests. The findings will focus respectively on quantitative data and qualitative analyses.