<p>In the novel, Forster seems to observe the English Empire from a critical point of view rather than a nostalgic one. The theme of the book is the relationship of the Indians and the English; an attempt at understanding the country India and the Indians.</p>

In the novel, Forster seems to observe the English Empire from a critical point of view rather than a nostalgic one. The theme of the book is the relationship of the Indians and the English; an attempt at understanding the country India and the Indians.

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Wie sehr offene, kreativ-metaphorische, vielleicht sogar alogische, stärker an Analogierelationen orientierte und weniger von ›männlicher Ratio‹ und festgefügten Vorannahmen ausgehende Denkansätze benötigt werden, um Aussagen über unsere Wirklichkeit machen zu können, ist längst kein Geheimnis mehr: Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik argumentiert unter Bezugnahme auf Hegel, die Wirklichkeit sei »nicht von den denkenden Zugriffen der wissenschaftlichen Rationalität her zu erfassen, sondern nur dort, wo der Mensch das Scheitern seiner rationalen Zugriffe an sich selbst erfährt und sie radikal aufgibt«. Gilles Deleuze fordert, »das Undenkbare zu denken, dasjenige, was zu denken gibt, was wiederkehrt, insistiert, ohne jemals in einem bestimmten Gedanken ausgeschöpft werden zu können: das Virtuelle.«:I N H A L T Gudrun Loster-Schneider »Laßt uns einen Nationalkarakter behaupten«. Einleitende Bemerkungen zum Thema ›Nation und Geschlecht‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gabriele Birken-Silverman Sprachliche Gefährdung der französischen Nation? Zur Debatte der Feminisierung der NOMINA AGENTIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Gudrun Loster-Schneider Von Amphibien und Zwittern, Mannweibern und Mauleseln. Nationalkulturelle und sexuelle Hybridität in Heinrich von Kleists »Die Verlobung in St. Domingo« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Inge Wild »O, Deutschland, meine ferne Liebe«. Exil, Eros und Gender in Gedichten Heinrich Heines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Gaby Pailer (Vancouver) Der Staatsdiener, der Staatsfeind und die gute Tochter. Gender und Nation in Gabriele Reuters »Aus guter Familie« (1895) . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Stefan Horlacher Viralität, oder: Vom kolonialen zum kolonisierten Körper in E.M. Forsters »A Passage to India« and beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Hans-Peter Ecker (Bamberg) Überleben in einem Land, das ein Weib ist. Geschlechtsideologische Imaginationen des ›Deutschen‹ bei Thea von Harbou und Fritz Lang 155 Meinhard Winkgens ›Weiße‹ Identitätspolitik und die Apartheid: Zur Funktionalisierung von race und gender in Doris Lessings »The Grass is Singing« . . . . . 171 Dagmar Burkhart Weiblicher Kannibalismus als Chiffre. Zu Slavenka Drakulićs Roman »Göttlicher Hunger« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

This essay provides an in-depth analysis of E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India through the lens of postcolonial criticism, with a specific focus on Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism. It explores the complexities of colonial relationships in India during the British Raj, examining themes of power dynamics, cultural dominance, and racial discrimination. By drawing from key postcolonial theorists such as Edward Said and Frantz Fanon and other writers like Albert Memmi, the essay explains how Forster’s narrative exposes the influence of Western superiority and the perpetuation of cultural disparities between the colonizer and the colonized. It underscores the portrayal of Chandrapore as a microcosm of colonial tensions, where privileged English settlers dominate over the marginalized native population. The essay also discusses Forster’s critique of colonial conditions and the accidental reinforcement of Orientalist stereotypes. Ultimately, it concludes that A Passage to India effectively portrays the clash between Eastern and Western cultures within the colonial context, thereby highlighting the expressed urgent and significant desire for autonomy.

廣義而言，「殖民旅行」是指殖民者在從事各類殖民活動時，往返於殖民地與本國之間的旅程。殖民旅行（及各種旅行）最明顯的特徵為「自我」與「他者」的相遇。因此，佛斯特的《印度之旅》處理自我／他者和殖民者／殖民奴的遭遇，充分展現殖民旅行的特色。本論文嘗試援引德勒茲和伽塔利於（千高臺：資本主義與精神分裂》中所提出的旅行理論以解讀這本小說。其中的幾項概念，如靜止與游牧、條紋空間與平滑空間、固著路徑與可彎路徑、再現與遭遇，為本論文的主要論述基礎。同時，以勒維納斯的倫理學中自我對他者的無限尊重及責任為輔，本論文歸納出兩類旅行模式：靜止式及游牧式。 《印度之旅》中，殖民地官員、費爾亭與何德蕾是靜止旅行者。他／她們皆以「再現機器」強化自我／他者和殖民者／殖民奴間的疆界。她／他們遵循條紋空間／殖民地之固著路徑，明顯欠缺對他者／印度人民的責任感。職是，她／他們不可能停止挪用及消除他者，並真正與他者相遇。相反地，摩爾太太是小說中唯一的游牧旅行者。她沿著可彎路徑漫遊平滑空間，培養對他者／印度人民無窮的責任心。她不但僭越自我／他者的藩籬而進化為他者，更於殖民旅途中與無盡他者相遇。 本論文的貢獻在於試圖探究佛氏《印度之旅》中游牧旅行的深義及其存在的可能性，與靜止旅行對旅行者的危害。 / Broadly put, clonial travel refers to the geographical movement between the colonizer's arrival at the colony and return to Empire as they are engaged in various activities with respect to colonialism. In colonial travel(and all travels), one of the most remarkable features is the self's encounter with the other. In this light, E.M. Forster's A Passage to India(1924) manifests the conspicuous traits of colonial travel for it manages to deal with the self/the other, the colonizer/the colonized confrontations. This thesis takes a stab at applying Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's theory relating to travel in their collaborative work, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia(1987), to read the novel. Such concepts as the sedentary and the nomadic, striated space and smooth space, rigid lines and supple lines, representation and encounter delineated in their book are the paramount focus of critical attention. Moreover, Emmanuel Levinas'ethics championing the self's undiminished respect and responsibility for the other is employed to proffer a model for colonial travel. As a result, this thesis propounds that due to their distinct responses to the other, two different sorts of travel, the sedentary and the nomadic, consist in the colonial travel of the novel. In A Passage to India, the Anglo-Indian administrators, Cyril Fielding and Adela Quested are sedentary travelers who strengthen the self/the other, the colonizer/the colonized boundaries in thier dependence on the representational apparatus. They travel along rigid lines in striated space/the colony and lack a responibility for the other/Indians. They are thereby prohibited from a genuine self/the other encounter without appropriation and sublation. Conversely, Mrs. Moore in the novel proves to be the sole nomadic traveler who journeys across smooth space replete with supple lines and fosters an unlimited obligation for the other/Indians. She traverses the self/the other barriers to “become-other”and further encounters the infinite other in her colonial peregrinations. The contribution of this thesis is to explore the profundity and possibility of nomadic travel in all travels and the damaging results of sedentary travel in A Passage to India.

This dissertation traces imperialist ideology as it functions in the texts of two radical Liberal critics of imperialism, Leonard Woolf and E. M. Forster. In chapters two and three respectively, I read Woolf's autobiographical account Growing and his novel The Village in the Jungle to examine connections between "nonfictional" and "fictional" writing on colonialism. The autobiography's fictive texture compromises its claims to facticity and throws into relief the problematic nature of notions of truth and fact in colonialist epistemology and discursive systems.

大多數學者通常從後殖民的觀點閱讀佛斯特的《印度之旅》(A Passage to India, 1924)，因此，他們的批評大多聚焦在「對他者的再現」(the representation of the other)。然而，這些學者忽略了在《印度之旅》中，自我與他者的交會乃是旅行的結果。雖然探討《印度之旅》中種族間互動的評論不在少數，但旅行的概念卻常被視為理所當然。如同小說標題所示，《印度之旅》乃是一趟從英國至印度的旅行，因此，本論文擬以「旅行敘述」(travel narrative) 的觀點閱讀《印度之旅》。然而，「旅行」一詞的意義到底為何？根據《牛津英語大辭典》，「旅行」大致意味著空間上的移位。然而，本文企圖以「暴露於他者」(exposure to the other)、「自我的去疆域化」 (deterritorialization of the self) 與「變成他者」 (becoming-other) 重新定義旅行。 既然旅行涉及自我與他者之間的互動，本文先援引列維納斯 (Emmanuel Levinas) 的「他者的倫理」(ethics of the other) 來區分「激進他者」 (radical other) 與「抽象他者」(metaphysical other)。接著，本文引用德希達 (Jacques Derrida) 對列維納斯的閱讀與他對「悅納異己」(hospitality) 的討論，以進一步闡述他者的概念。為了探討自我在他者影響之下的轉變，本文亦運用德勒茲 (Gilles Deleuze) 與瓜達里 (Félix Guattari) 的「再疆域化」(reterritorialization)、「去疆域化」(deterritorialization)、與「變成」(becoming) 的概念。這些理論的整合導出了伊斯蘭 (Syed Manurul Islam) 所區分的兩種旅行──靜止旅行(sedentary travel) 與遊牧旅行 (nomadic travel)。 本文共分五章：〈第一章：導論〉、〈第二章：理論架構〉、〈第三章：靜止旅行〉、〈第四章：遊牧旅行〉與〈第五章：結論〉。〈第二章：理論架構〉主要闡述上面所提及的理論家。〈第三章：靜止旅行〉藉由費爾亭 (Cyril Fielding) 與何德蕾 (Adela Quested) 闡明靜止旅行的概念。相較於費爾亭，何德蕾的例子較為複雜，因為她經歷了兩次去疆域化的過程 (第一次在馬拉巴山洞裡，第二次在法庭上)。〈第四章：遊牧旅行〉則聚焦在摩爾夫人 (Mrs. Moore) 這個角色上。這章的編排不僅與小說劇情的時間性一致，也企圖呈現摩爾夫人所經歷的三個階段的轉變。 / Most critics tend to read E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India (1924) from the perspective of post-colonialism, and therefore, the focus of their criticism is often on the representation of the other. However, these critics neglect the fact that the encounter of the self with the other in A Passage to India is in fact a result of travel. Although there is much discussion on racial interaction in A Passage to India, the concept of travel is more than often taken for granted. As the title of the novel indicates, A Passage to India deals with a travel from England to India, and hence, this thesis examines the novel from the perspective of travel narrative. Yet, what does the term “travel” signify? According to Oxford English Dictionary, travel generally refers to a displacement in space. Nevertheless, this thesis tries to re-define “travel” in terms of exposure to the other, deterritorialization of the self, and becoming-other. Since travel narrative deals with the vacillation between the self and the other, this thesis begins with Emmanuel Levinas’s ethics of the other to distinguish the radical other from the metaphysical other. Next, this thesis includes Jacques Derrida’s theories of “hospitality” for further elaboration on the concept of the other. In order to probe into the transformation of the self under the influence of the other, this thesis also employs Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s ideas of “reterritorialization,” “deterritorialization” and “becoming.” The compilation of these theories, finally, amounts to Syed Manurul Islam’s division between two kinds of travel—sedentary travel (travel without traveling) and nomadic travel (traveling without return). This thesis is divided into five chapters: “Introduction” (Chapter One), “Theoretical Framework” (Chapter Two), “Sedentary Travel” (Chapter Three), “Nomadic Travel” (Chapter Four) and “Conclusion” (Chapter Five). Chapter Two, “Theoretical Framework,” is an elucidation of the above mentioned theories. Chapter Three, “Sedentary Travel,” illustrates the concept of sedentary travel by exploring Cyril Fielding and Adela Quested. Adela’s case is much more intricate when compared to Fielding’s, for she goes through two instances of deterritorialization: the first in the Marabar Caves and the second in the court. Chapter Four, “Nomadic Travel,” focuses on the character Mrs. Moore. The exploration of Mrs. Moore not only corresponds to the chronological sequence of the plot but also aims to explain the different stages of transformation Mrs. Moore undergoes.

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This dissertation examines literary representations of the intersection between British imperialism and British and British-modeled public schools. I categorize British writers who have addressed this nexus in their literary works into two groups, idealists and realists, based on their views of British public schools, imperialism, and the effectiveness of the former in sustaining the latter. I present two examples of idealists, Henry Newbolt and the contributors to The Boy's Own Paper, followed by two examples of realists, Rudyard Kipling and E. M. Forster, who have often been viewed as opposites. I then provide an example of a South-Asian diasporic realist, Selvaduari, who builds upon the critiques of British realists by revealing the contemporary offspring of the marriage between British public schools and imperialism. By analyzing works by idealist and realist authors, I demonstrate the importance of public schools and school literature in promoting and sustaining as well as critiquing and condemning imperialism. / text