The main goal of the diploma thesis is to describe and evaluate the form of city logistics and transportation services in Pardubice -- Hradec Králové area and to define related basic problems. The theoretical part focuses on the general background of city logistics, sustainable development, relation between transportation and environment and possibilities of reduction of negative influences on environment. In the practical part there is analysis of current situation of traffic infrastructure and logistics flows in the area with samples of resolution of the largest problems of transportation services. The conclusion contains the summary and recommendations.

The aim of this master's thesis is to provide comprehensive information about operating business in the international road passenger transport with a focus on conditions which the carrier has to meet to start his business and regulations that must be followed. Master's thesis also focuses on fees which the bus operating company has to pay to the treasury of Germany, Slovakia, Poland and Austria (or private entities), i.e. tolls and VAT (sales tax). At the end the thesis compares total amount of charges applicable in these countries.

Orientadores: Carla Kazue Nakao Cavaliero, Paulo Fabrício Palhavam Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RiverosGodoy_GustavoArturo_D.pdf: 2492876 bytes, checksum: 99937cb490ddf587b5477bbd1ff7ade6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A utilização de hidrogênio em veículos com células a combustível apresenta-se como uma solução que pode causar baixos impactos ambientais, além de poder trazer maior segurança energética, uma vez que pode ser produzido através de recursos energéticos disponíveis em cada país. Neste contexto, e considerando que o transporte de passageiros configura-se como um serviço público fundamental para a integração entre as regiões e os países, nessa tese focou-se no estudo técnico, econômico e ambiental da implementação de uma rodovia preparada para atender a demanda de hidrogênio no setor de transporte coletivo de passageiros. O trajeto escolhido foi à rota que une a cidade de Assunção/Paraguai com a cidade de São Paulo/Brasil. Especial ênfase foi dada ao custo de instalação e operação das estações de hidrogênio produzido através da eletrólise da água. Na análise colocaram-se duas possibilidades, sendo elas, i) a introdução de apenas um ônibus movido a hidrogênio, situação denominada de substituição mínima; e ii) a substituição de toda a frota que atende a rota em estudo, denominando-a como substituição máxima. O custo de implementação da primeira situação é de aproximadamente US$ 5,0 milhões e o custo operacional anual é de cerca de US$ 1,0 milhão. Com a segunda situação, o custo de implementação aumenta para US$ 17 milhões e a operação anual fica em torno de US$ 5,0 milhões. No caso do Paraguai, o custo do hidrogênio varia entre 8,50 US$/kg e 18,66 US$/kg. No caso do Brasil, estimaram-se entre 17,07 US$/kg e 28,30 US$/kg. A análise ambiental considerou as emissões evitadas de carbono com a substituição de óleo Diesel por hidrogênio eletrolítico em toda a frota de veículos. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma metodologia aprovada pela UNFCCC no âmbito dos projetos de MDL e que poderia ser aplicada para empreendimentos como o proposto na tese, obtendo-se como estimativa uma redução de emissões de 2.098 tCO2/ano / Abstract: The use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is presented as a solution that may cause less environmental impact and as a mean of addressing energy security, considering it can be produced by energy resources available in each country. In this context, considering the passenger transport as a service in the public interest for integration between regions and countries, this thesis focused on technical, economic and environmental analysis by implementing a highway prepared to cover the hydrogen demand in the passenger transportation sector. They chose route is that one joins Asuncion/Paraguay and São Paulo/Brazil. Special emphasis on the installation and operation costs of hydrogen stations produced through the water electrolysis was given. Two possibilities were set, i) the introduction of only one hydrogenpowered bus, condition called minimal substitution, and ii) replacing the whole fleet that serves the route, called as maximal substitution. The implementation cost of the first one is roughly US$ 5.0 million and an annual operating cost of about US$ 1.0 million. In the second situation, the implementation cost amounts to US$ 17 million and annual operating around $ 5.0 million. In the case of Paraguay, hydrogen production cost varies between 8.50 US$/kg and 18.66 US$/kg. In the case of Brazil, the estimated costs vary between 17.07 US$/kg and 28.30 US$/kg. The environmental analysis performed verified the availability of an approved CDM methodology and its applicability for similar proposals, a reduction of emissions equal to 2098 tCO2/year, was estimated / Doutorado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

The law of railway transportation is a phenomenon affecting several other law branches in particular European Law, Commercial Law and Administrative Law. This thesis focuses on the last mentioned branch, i.e. Administrative Law. This thesis does not cover this issue comprehensively; however, it gives fundamental and comprehensive views on the issue. In addition to information on current legal situation and its background it provides information about the history of law of railway transportation and includes the topic of public transport services. In last twenty years the initiator of changes in law of railway transportation is mainly the European Union, which gradually liberalizes the railway transportation. Both national legislation and public services reflect and adapt to these changes. After summarising the history of law railway transportation this thesis gives overview on the important European legislation which determines national legislation in the Czech Republic. The main part of this thesis is about legislation issues in law of railway transportation in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the organisation of public administration according to the Railway Act and the jurisdiction of the Rail Administrative Authority including some aspects of the administrative proceedings there. It mentions...

While there has been considerable research regarding the role of Mobility Hubs in cities and transport networks, significant investment is required to develop these facilities. It is the correlation between investment, new users’ attraction and revenue generation that is the key for a sustainable development of Mobility Hubs and this investment must, therefore, be correctly assessed and targeted. This study aims to develop a methodology to determine the viability of investing in Mobility Hub features, weighing the investment on different Hub features and services against expected potential benefits and revenue generation, addressing the question: Can investment in Mobility Hub features be justified and, if so, which features maximize its expected positive impact? Based on a review of literature and definition of possible Hub features as variables, secondary research data was compiled to enable the analysis of expected impacts of each variable/feature in terms of new user’s attraction and revenue generation, which was then used to develop individual Net Present Value analysis of each feature. The result of these analysis demonstrates and concludes that different Hub features have the potential to generate substantially different investment outcomes, and that each feature should be analyzed individually prior to investment decision. It was also concluded by this research that the proposed assessment methodology can be used for future research on other listed Hub features, albeit with the constraint that primary data will be required when secondary research data is not available.

PhDRDV / Institute for Rural Development

Le transport aérien s'est fortement démocratisé ces dernières décennies, la réglementation qui l'accompagne s'est considérablement renforcée. Les sources applicables à la responsabilité du transporteur aérien reposent sur des conventions internationales, des règlements communautaires et des législations internes. Ce travail de recherche montre l'application dynamique des sources et les résultats produits par les différentes combinaisons. L’évolution de la notion de responsabilité ouvre d'autres champs de réflexion à travers une étude combinée des concepts de risque et de sécurité du transporteur aérien à l'égard des passagers. Il s'agit également d'étudier le particularisme du contrat de transport aérien de personnes au regard des nouvelles considérations. Le droit communautaire a insufflé une nouvelle vision au contrat de transport, au point d'assimiler le passager à un consommateur. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien s'apprécie sur le terrain des nouvelles technologies. Aujourd'hui, le passager aérien bénéficie des mesures protectrices du droit de la consommation. L'analyse des postes de responsabilité du transporteur aérien permet de comprendre ce processus d'imbrication des sources, et la variété des solutions jurisprudentielles. Le droit communautaire a instauré une réglementation innovante et pragmatique en phase avec les nouvelles exigences des passagers en matière de retard et d'annulation de vol. L'intérêt est de montrer le rôle important de la jurisprudence communautaire dans l'application cumulative du droit conventionnel et du règlement n°261/2004. Le retard est à dissocier des situations générant du retard; le droit communautaire a élaboré une distinction aboutie entre ces événements. Le retard peut être subi collectivement par les passagers, comme en cas d'annulation de vol, ou les affecter de manière individuelle, comme par exemple en cas de refus d'embarquement. Le droit communautaire a édicté des mesures standardisées d'assistance et d'indemnisation. Il conviendra d'expliquer ces dispositifs et les perfectionnements envisagés par le législateur européen. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien en cas d'accident replace le droit conventionnel au centre de toutes les attentions. L'exclusivité des conventions est plus que jamais réaffirmée par la jurisprudence internationale. Mais cette élévation du droit conventionnel est mise à mal par la pratique de certains tribunaux, qui n'hésitent pas mettre à l'écart la Convention au profit du droit interne. Le risque de démantèlement du droit conventionnel est tempéré par les différents renvois du droit communautaire et du droit interne à la primauté de la Convention. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien est une responsabilité objective. Elle met fin à toute limitation financière en cas de lésion corporelle ou de décès du passager. L'absence de définition de la notion d'accident suscite toujours autant d'interrogation. En matière d'accident, le droit conventionnel opère un renvoi implicite au droit interne pour la détermination des postes de préjudices. Dans le cadre de la complémentarité des sources, il est important d'avoir une approche combinée du droit interne français, qui consacre le principe de réparation intégrale et l'application du droit conventionnel. Le passager aérien voyage avec ses effets personnels. Le droit conventionnel a instauré des régimes de responsabilité différents en fonction de la destination du bagage. L'apport du droit communautaire est minimaliste en matière de bagages, mais la jurisprudence de la CJUE a permis une interprétation renouvelée de la réparation due pour les dommages aux bagages. L'étude de cette responsabilité nous conduira à souligner l'importance des réglementations de l'IATA et des conditions générales de transport qui viennent combler les lacunes du droit communautaire et conventionnel, peu intéressés par cette partie de la responsabilité du transporteur aérien. (...) / In recent decades, air transport has been greatly democratized, the regulations has increased significantly. The applicable sources for the air carrier liability are based on international conventions, EU regulations and domestic legislations. This research points dynamic application of the sources and the results produced by different combinations. The evolution of the responsibility concept starts other fields of thought through a combined study of the concepts of risk and safety of air carrier towards passengers. It's also studying the particularism of the carriage contract by air of persons under new regards. EU law has brought a new vision of the carriage contract to the point that it assimilates the passenger to a consumer. The liability of the air carrier also values the new technologies field. Today, air passenger benefits from protective measures of consumer law. The damage analysis helps to understand this nesting process sources, and the diversity of cases law. EU law has set up an innovative and pragmatic regulation in line with new requirements on passenger delays and flight cancellations. The purpose is showing the important role of EU law in the cumulative application of treaty law and of Regulation No 261/2004. The general notion of delay has to be dissociated from ordinary situations generating delay; EU law has drawn a distinction between these events. The delay may be experienced collectively by the passengers, as in case of flight cancellation or individually as in case of denied boarding. EU law enacted standardized measures of assistance and compensation. These mechanisms should be explained such as the improvements proposed by the European legislator. In case of accidents the air carrier liability puts the Convention at the center of attention. Exclusivity agreements are more than ever reasserted by international jurisprudence. However this elevation of treaty law is undermined by some courts practices, which do not hesitate to put aside the Convention to the benefit of the domestic law. Dismantling risk of conventional law is softened by the different references of EU law and domestic law to the primacy of the Convention. The air carrier's liability is a strict liability. It puts an end to any financial limitations in case of body injury or death of passenger. The lack of definition of accident concept continues to raise many questions. For accidents, treaty law carries out an implicit reference to domestic law in order to determine the positions damages. As part of the complementarity of sources, it is important to have a combined approach of French domestic law, which enshrines the principle of full compensation, and the enforcement of treaty law. Air passenger travels with his personal effects. Treaty law has introduced different liability regimes depending on luggage destination. The provision of EU law is minimalist in terms of luggage, but the CJUE cases law allowed a renewed interpretation of the compensation for luggage damages. The study of this liability will lead us to stress the importance of IATA regulations and general terms of carriage which fill in the gaps in EU and treaty law, not interested in this part of the air carrier's liability. The Convention has established options of competence which lead to a multitude of courts. The advent of fifth option of competence is part of a consumerist approach of treaty/conventionnal law. More ground of jurisdiction are, more important is the practice of forum shopping. Jurisdiction rules have been enacted by the jurisprudence as mandatory. The introduction of standardized measures of assistance and compensation by EU law highlighted the purview of exclusive nature of the jurisdiction rules. A liability action of victims in case of aircraft accidents or their heirs before the U.S. courts is likely to result in a forum non conveniens. A survey of American and French jurisprudence is needed to measure the extent of this phenomenon. (...)