Av tradition har frågan om en person varit vårdslös eller inte avgjorts genom att personens bet­eende jämförts med en Bonus Pater Familias (BPF) d.v.s. en fiktiv ”normalt aktsam per­son” på det aktuella området. Modellen betraktas numera i princip som utmönstrad och culpa­bedömningen anses istället ta sin utgångpunkt i akt­samhets­­­normer uttryckta i lag, före­skrifter, praxis och sedvana (där BPF används som tankemodell). Om inte ovanstående ger svar görs en fri bedömning som utgår från The Learned Hand Formula (LHF) där hänsyn tas till risken för skada, den eventuella skadans storlek och skade­vållarens möjligheter till att före­­komma skadan. I den svenska modellen (ULHF) ingår även ett rekvisit som beaktar skade­­­vållarens insikt. Frågorna som aktualiseras är därmed hur BPF och ULHF används i sven­sk rätt och vilken betydelse det får beroende på vilken av modellerna som används samt hur den svenska användningen av LHF förhåller sig till den i några grannländer. Det är också av intresse att undersöka res­pektive modells ändamå­lsenlighet utifrån skadeståndsrättens syften och att se om det finns något samband mellan normskyddsläran och det subjektiva kriteriet i ULHF. I framställningen har konstaterats att det idag endast är sedvanemodellen av BPF som används i Sverige. Det har också fastslagits att både BPF och ULHF, trots yttre olikheter, är normativa och grundas på vad som anses utgöra en läm­plig riskfördelning i samhället varför det i princip inte blir någon skill­nad beroende på vilken av modellerna som nyttjas. Användningen av ULHF och BPF ser inte ut att skilja sig beroende på om det rör sig om ett inom- eller utom­oblig­atoriskt för­hållande med mer än att frågan om oaktsamhet i första hand avgörs genom en prövning utifrån vad parterna avtalat i det förstnämnda. För enskilda skade­vållare råder dock ett förut­säg­­barhets­problem avseende vilken av BPF eller ULHF som domstolarna kan komma att göra bedömningen efter, vilket dock inte har någon betydelse eftersom resultatet i princip blir dets­amma. Denna likhet innebär att ingen av mod­ellerna kan sägas uppfylla skade­­­stånds­­rättens huvud­syfte, som konstaterats vara riskför­delning och kostnads­placering, bättre än den andre. Trots oförutsäg­barheten får ord­ningen med två grunder för oaktsamhet anses vara läm­plig eftersom bl.a. alternativet hade varit att återgå till den intetsägande person­lighetsmodellen av BPF. Sambandet mellan det subjektiva rekvisitet och norm­skyddsläran är att båda grundas på intresseavvägningar om vad som utgör en lämplig risk­fördelning i samhället. En jäm­förelse avseende användningen av LHF i tysk, dansk och norsk rätt visar att den svenska modellen sticker ut genom det uttryckliga hänsynstagandet till det subjektiva kri­teriet. Em­ellertid framkommer att de praktiska skillnaderna dock inte är så stora länd­erna emellan efter­som användningen av modellen grundas på normativa över­väganden i samtliga länder. Således kan ingen av de jämförda länderna sägas använda ursprungsmodellen av LHF.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 403 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 388-403). Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2009 Jun. 18.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 1927. / Without thesis note. "General bibliography": p. 99.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also in a digital version from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Estudo sobre a filiação com ênfase na regra do caput do artigo 1.601 do Código Civil Brasileiro Lei 10.406/2002, segundo a qual cabe ao marido o direito de contestar a paternidade dos filhos nascidos de sua mulher, sendo tal ação imprescritível. A dissertação tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a inconstitucionalidade do direito perpétuo do pai em desconstituir a paternidade do filho menor nascido em uma relação de casamento à luz do princípio do melhor interesse da criança. Para tanto foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial em tribunais nacionais de segunda instância, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça e no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Os critérios da presunção legal pater is est quem nuptiae demonstrant, da verdade biológica e da posse de estado de filho foram um a um analisados, não havendo entre eles predominância no ordenamento jurídico. O levantamento deste material permitiu a constatação de que a regra supracitada é, pela doutrina majoritária, acriticamente louvada e utilizada nos julgados de conflitos de paternidade. O filho, no entanto, não pode permanecer por toda a vida sujeito à possibilidade do pai desfazer, a qualquer momento, a relação paterno-filial pela ausência do dado biológico por que: (i) o exercício deste direito é mutilador de sua identidade e dignidade humana; (ii) a posse de estado de filho confirma a presunção pater is est; (iii) o estado civil de filho deve se tornar certo e estável em um curto período de tempo. Sustenta-se que é imperioso o afastamento por inconstitucionalidade material da regra do artigo 1.601 do Código Civil e a aplicação analógica do prazo de quatro anos previsto no artigo 1.614 do Código Civil. De lege ferenda propõe-se a elaboração de uma norma que fixe um prazo decadencial para que o marido e pai possa exercer o direito potestativo de negar a paternidade. / A study of paternity with emphasis on the rule of the caput of the article 1.601 of the Brazilian Civil Code law 10.406/2002, which states that its allowed to the husband contesting the paternity of his wifes child, and such claim is imprescriptible. The main purpose of the thesis is demonstrate the unconstitutionality of the fathers perpetual right to disregard the paternity of the minor born from a married couple, based on the principle of childs best interest. It was based on Brazilian Courts jurisprudence and bibliographical research. The criteria of legal presumption pater is est quem nuptiae demonstrant, of biological truth and of putative fatherhood were peered reviewed, and no hierarchical relevance was observed. Based on this survey it is reasonable to declare that the aforementioned rule is uncritically employed in the paternity issues. On the other hand, the child might not be a lifelong susceptible to paternal status changing based on the absence of biological linkage, in that: (i) this practice may be perverse and annihilate the human dignity; (ii) informal adoptions confirm the pater is est presumption; (iii) the paternity status must be undeniable, stable and promptly established. According to the arguments demonstrated along this thesis, the article 1.601 of Brazilian Civil Code must be banished and a four years term rule, as proposed by the article 1.614 of the Brazilian Civil Code, must fulfill it. It is mandatory the elaboration of a new rule of law in which the husband and father, after a four years period of limitation, is prohibited from denying the paternity.

This is a study of what I argue is a neglected side of Aestheticism. A standard definition of Aestheticism is that its practitioners turn away from the general current of modernity to protest its utilitarian and materialistic values, but this generalization ignores the profound influence of contemporary philosophical and scientific thought on such major figures of British Aestheticism as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde. This study focuses on Aesthetes who are not in flight from modernity. I call their type of Aestheticism "Epicurean Aestheticism" and argue that since this temperament is characterized by a willingness to engage with the flux of modern times it must be distinguished from the more familiar, escapist form of Aestheticism I call "Platonic Aestheticism." I propose that Aestheticism be viewed as a spectrum with Epicurean Aestheticism on one side and the Platonic variety on the other. While Platonic Aesthetes like W. B . Yeats and Stephane Mallarme continue the Romantic project of trying to counter modernity with various idealist and absolutist philosophies, Epicurean Aesthetes adopt materialist and relativistic strategies in their desire to make the most of modern life. I argue that the first unmistakable signs of Epicurean Aestheticism are to be found in Thomas De Quincey, that the sensibility is fully formulated be Pater, continued by Wilde, and finds a current representative in Tom Stoppard. All Aesthetes are dedicated to the pursuit of beauty, but Platonic Aesthetes seek beauty in an eternal and transcendent realm, while Epicurean Aesthetes have given up such absolutist habits of thought. Pater writes: "Modern thought is distinguished from ancient by its cultivation of the "relative" spirit in place of the "absolute." Epicurean Aesthetes want a new aesthetic that will parallel the paradigm shift from absolutism to relativism. While a nostalgic, quasi-religious longing for a purely ideal realm characterizes Platonic Aesthetes, Epicurean Aesthetes accept that the high, idealistic road to eternal beauty is closed. Instead of lamenting this fact, they start looking for beauty among the uncertainties of the phenomenal world: by viewing life as an aesthetic spectacle to be observed and experimented on with playful detachment they become Epicureans of the flux of modernity. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Senses of Freedom explores Walter Pater’s provocative claim that poetry’s defining importance would be to “rearrange the details of modern life” in order to restore the “sense of freedom” lost to modern consciousness. Freedom, variously defined and contested, has long been a central concern to philosophical aesthetics, but few have made its problematics central to an applied criticism. The critical practice I explore asks how form, in a given instance, provides a “sense of freedom” by addressing anxieties of causal determinism, and foregrounding the cultural and linguistic materiality of a subjective perspective. After an introduction outlining and contextualizing a formalist aesthetic criticism drawn from Pater’s work, the dissertation is divided into two parts. Part I surveys aestheticism’s determinist vision (Chapter I) and defines the complex term personality (Chapter II) across Pater’s oeuvre. Aestheticism’s determinism anchors the authorial personality to a network of historically contingent cultural and linguistic determinants; while the personality in turn gives an epistemologically accessible human form to these defining “forces.” Part II exemplifies aesthetic criticism in stand-alone essays on the poetry of three modern authors: Charlotte Mew, Samuel Beckett, and W. H. Auden. In Mew’s work I examine the structure of confinement and passionate renunciation in the form of the hushed tone broken by the “cri de coeur.” In Beckett, I consider the gnomic mode as resolving the problematized space, the “no-man’s land,” between objective and subjective artistic positions. In Auden, I explore how the “gratuitous” and “gratitude” align in his later work, the former an attempt to find artistic freedom within an adequate determinism, and the latter the resolution to recognize world and self in their radical necessity. / 2026-01-31T00:00:00Z

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This dissertation addresses how the philosophy, subculture, and sexuality of aestheticism interact with the form of the nineteenth-century novel. One primary result of this exploration is a nuanced delineation of the aesthetic novel in its formal characteristics, its content, and most notably, in the sexually charged silences that both this form and content reveal--silences made audible to invested aesthetic readers through coded doubleness. Through thus defining the aesthetic novel and seeking to articulate the unspoken sexual transgressions that are, as is argued, requisite therein, this project sheds new light both on the partially submerged sexuality of aestheticism as a movement, and on why novels account for so small a portion of the aesthetic movement's output--topics first raised in part by Linda Dowling, Dennis Denisoff, and Talia Schaffer. By engaging Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), Vernon Lee's Miss Brown (1884), Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean (1885), Robert Hichens' The Green Carnation (1894), John Meade Falkner's The Lost Stradivarius (1895), and Aubrey Beardsley's Venus and Tannhäuser (1895), this dissertation demonstrates that, whether politically engaged as affirmation or using sexuality as a way to communicate rejection of middle-class morality and its own fascination with the unusual, aestheticism defines itself by its inclusion of unusual sexual situations. This argument is in part guided by and grapples with theoretical writings by Victorian sources including Walter Pater, Matthew Arnold, and Walter Hamilton and contemporary sources including Alistair Fowler, Nancy Armstrong, and D. A. Miller. Central to the dissertation are the suggestive silences in aesthetic novels that function not merely as the unsaid, but appear at points that beg explanation or exploration, indicating the presence of the forbidden with the frisson between interest and absence. Such moments form a pattern of mysterious sexual omissions in the novels of aestheticism, titillating audiences with their implied perversity, but never explicitly exploring it on account of legal, economic, and social censorship. Finally, this project shows that the unspeakable gaps in legal above-ground literature can easily be articulated within the already illegal world of pornography, which this dissertation accesses through the aesthetic and pornographic Teleny (1893). / English

L'association Mess'AJE (Messe, Alliance, Jésus, Église), qui a pour objectif la formation de la foi chez les adultes, a conçue une catéchèse centrée sur quatre seuils de la foi à franchir : l'Exode, l'Exil, Jésus, l'Église. L'une des caractéristiques de cette formule catéchétique est d’utiliser un montage audiovisuel où l’art au service de la foi est largement mis à contribution. L'initiateur de la catéchèse Mess'AJE, Jacques Bernard, est professeur en exégèse à l’Université de Lille (France) ; il est également fondateur de l'Institut de formation pour animateurs de catéchèse (IFAC). Ce mémoire présente la catéchèse Mess'AJE et en montre une application pour faire valoir son originalité dans le contexte de l’évangélisation en cours. L’objectif poursuivi se concrétise par deux étapes : la première étape propose l’historique de la catéchèse Mess’AJE et la seconde étape en montre l’application par le biais de la méthode de la double dissimilarité. Cette démarche tend à mettre en valeur l’un des éléments constitutifs de l’originalité du troisième seuil de la foi : Jésus ; par conséquent, le résultat recherché donne lieu à une catéchèse introductive au Pater selon la méthode catéchétique Mess’AJE.