No description available.

Thesis (M.S.) in Food Science and Human Nutrition--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-178).

No description available.

Als Sekundärmetabolit verschiedener Schimmelpilze gehört das Mykotoxin Patulin zu den als Kanzerogene diskutierten Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen natürlichen Ursprungs und kommt vor allem in braunfaulen Äpfeln und daraus verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln vor. Trotz zahlreicher in vitro- und in vivo-Studien zur Genotoxizität von Patulin, ist der Wirkmechanismus für das genotoxische Potential von Patulin weitgehend unbekannt. Um die direkte DNA-Reaktivität von Patulin als mögliche genotoxische Wirkung zu betrachten, wurde im ersten Teil der Arbeit zunächst die direkte Reaktion von Patulin mit DNA-Basen untersucht. Nach Inkubation von Patulin mit der DNA-Base Adenin wurden mittels (U)HPLC-Massenspektrometrie im Vollscan-Modus insgesamt fünf Addukte von Patulin mit Adenin identifiziert. Anhand der Fragmentierungsmuster ohne und nach Methylierung freier Carboxyl- und Ketogruppen wurde für drei Patulin-Adenin-Addukte eine Ketohexansäure-Derivat-Struktur des Patulin-Rückgrates und die Bindung des Adenin-Moleküls an C6 (C5) abgeleitet. Zusätzlich wurden zwei Addukte identifiziert, welche die gleiche Patulin-Struktur aufwiesen, jedoch je ein Molekül Adenin an C5 und C6 gebunden haben. Patulin reagierte folglich mit Adenin unter Bildung von Mono- und Diaddukten. In Gegenwart von einer zu Adenin äquimolarer Konzentrationen an Glutathion im Inkubationsansatz wurden mittels (U)HPLC-Massenspektrometrie im Vollscan-Modus die gleichen Patulin-Adenin-Addukte wie in Abwesenheit von Glutathion beschrieben beobachtet. Weiterhin wurden drei bisher unbekannte Glutathion-Patulin-Addukte identifiziert. Es handelte sich, abgeleitet von deren Fragmentierungsverhalten ohne und nach Methylierung, um C6-monosubstituierte Addukte mit Ketohexansäure-Derivat-Struktur. In einem dieser Addukte lag das Glutathion-Molekül linear gebunden vor, wohingegen in den beiden anderen Addukten die α-Aminogruppe des Glutaminsäurerestes zudem an C1 oder C7 von Patulin verknüpft war und es sich somit um 6,1- bzw. 6,7-cyclische Glutathion-Patulin-Addukte handelte. Interessanterweise, wurden sieben weitere Produktpeaks nur bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit beider Nukleophilkomponenten im Inkubationsansatz gebildet, was folglich auf gemischte Addukte aus Patulin, Glutathion und Adenin hinwies. Das Fragmentierunsmuster bestätigte die Anwesenheit von Adenin und Glutathion in der Adduktstruktur und zeigte zudem, dass die neuartigen Addukte Regioisomere mit Ketohexansäure-Derivat-Struktur waren, die ein 6,7-cyclisch gebundenes Glutathion-Molekül aufwiesen. Durch Methylierung der freien Carboxylgruppen innerhalb der Adduktstruktur und Analyse der Molekül- und Fragmentionen wurde die Bindung des Adenin-Moleküls lokalisiert. In zwei diastereomeren Adduktpaaren war das Adenin-Molekül an C1 über eine Amidbindung gebunden. In geringerer Intensität wurden auch zwei diastereomere gemischte Glutathion-Patulin-Adenin-Addukte mit linearem Glutathion-Molekül und C1-gebundenem Adenin-Molekül identifiziert. Die Summenformeln aller postulierten Strukturen wurden mittels hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie bestätigt. Zudem wurde ein Reaktionsmechanismus für die Bildung der neuen (Glutathion-)Patulin(-Adenin)-Addukte hergeleitet. Die Bildung gemischter Glutathion-DNA-Basen-Addukte wurde bisher weder für Patulin noch für andere α,β-ungesättigte Carbonyle beschrieben. Die Reaktion der Mischadduktbildung unterscheidet sich zudem mechanistisch von den Reaktionen, welche zur Bildung bereits bekannter Glutathion-DNA-Basen-Addukte von 1,2-Dihaloalkanen, sowie 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutan führen. ... / As a secondary metabolite of various widespread fungi, the mycotoxin patulin belongs to the diet derived mutagens of natural origin and is mainly found in moldy apples and products derived thereof. Despite numerous studies investigating the in vitro- and in vivo-genotoxicity of patulin, the mode of action of the genotoxic potential of patulin is not yet completely clarified. To consider the direct reaction with DNA as a possible cause of patulin-induced genotoxicity, the reactivity of patulin against DNA bases was investigated in the first part of this thesis. Incubation of patulin with the DNA base adenine followed by HPLC-mass spectrometry analysis in full scan mode revealed a total of five adducts of patulin with adenine. Based on their fragmentation patterns without and after methylation of free carboxyl- and keto groups, a ketohexanoic acid derivative-type structure of the patulin backbone and the linkage of adenine to C6 (C5) were suggested for three patulin-adenine adducts. In addition, two adducts were identified exhibiting the same patulin structure, but possessing two molecules of adenine at C5 and C6 of patulin. Consequently, patulin reacted with adenine forming mono- and diadducts. The influence of glutathione on the reactivity of patulin towards adenine was investigated by adding glutathione in a concentration equimolar to adenine, revealing the same patulin-adenine adducts as in the absence of glutathione. Furthermore, three hitherto unknown glutathione-patulin adducts were identified. Based on their collision-induced fragmentation pattern without and after methylation, they were suggested to be C6-monosubstituted ketohexanoic acid derivative adducts, with one adduct exhibiting a linearly bound glutathione moiety, whereas in both other adducts the α-amino group of the glutamic acid residue was additionally linked to C1 or C7 of patulin, presenting a 6,1 or 6,7-cyclic glutathione moiety. Interestingly, seven additional product peaks were formed only by simultaneous incubation of patulin with adenine and glutathione together, indicating to be mixed adducts of patulin, glutathione and adenine, which was finally confirmed by means of their fragmentation patterns. The novel adducts were identified to be regioisomers with ketohexanoic acid derivative structure, exhibiting a 6,7-cyclic glutathione moiety. The position of adenine within the adduct structure was assigned by determining the number of carboxyl groups via methylation and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis of the resulting molecular and fragment ions. In two diastereomeric pairs of adducts the adenine molecule was linked at C1 of patulin via an amide bond. In addition, two diastereomeric mixed glutathione-patulin-adenine adducts were detected at lower intensities, possessing a linear glutathione moiety and a C1-bound adenine molecule. The molecular formulas of all proposed structures were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, a reaction scheme for the formation of (glutathione-)patulin(-adenine) adducts was postulated. The formation of mixed glutathione-DNA base adducts has neither been described for patulin nor for any other α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Furthermore, the chemical reaction leading to the formation of mixed glutathione-patulin-DNA base adducts differs mechanistically from the one leading to mixed glutathione-DNA base adducts of 1,2-dihaloalkanes as well as of 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane. ...

This thesis explores the biosynthesis of two secondary metabolites, fluoroacetate and longianone, and involves the synthesis and feeding of deuterated putative intermediates. The bacterium Streptomyces cattleya produces fluoroacetate and 4- fluorothreonine; the mechanism by which C-F bond formation occurs is unknown. The stereochemistry of the fluorination event was investigated by feeding [2,2,3,3-(^-2)H(_4)]-succinate and (2R)-[l-(^2)H(_2)]- and (2S)-[l-(^2)H(_2)]-glycerols. The chirality of the resultant [2-(^2)H]-fluoroacetate was determined by chiral liquid crystal (^2)H-NMR and the fluorination was demonstrated to proceed with retention of stereochemistry. Longianone is produced by the slow growing fungus Xylaria longiana. This simple bicyclic metabolite is an isomer of the notorious fungal toxin patulin. Putative deuterated intermediates were administered to the fungus and the longianone produced analysed by (^2)H-NMR. It was demonstrated that longianone is biosynthesised from 6-methylsalicylic acid in a pathway closely related to that found in patulin biosynthesis.

No description available.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. Malnutrition and toxic contaminations of food with substances such as mycotoxins have been thought to account for a high percentage of cancers. However, human diet can deliver both mutagens and components that decrease the cancer risk. Genomic damage could be reduced by food components through different mechanisms such as scavenging of reactive oxygen species. In the first part of this study we tried to investigate the effects of patulin and resveratrol on DNA stability in V79 cells. Patulin is a mycotoxin, which is frequently found in spoiled apples and other fruits. The WHO has established a safety level of 50 µg/L, which is indeed not observed by all manufacturers. The acute toxicity of patulin in high concentrations is well known, however its potential carcinogenicity is still a matter of debate. Therefore we wanted to investigate further steps in the mechanism of patulin-induced genotoxicity. Patulin caused the formation of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis revealed that patulin induced both kinetochore-negative and positive micronuclei. Time course of incubation indicate a new mechanism for patulin-induced nucleoplasmic bridge formation. We hypothized a mechanism via cross-linking of DNA, which was confirmed by a modified version of comet assay. Incubations of cells with patulin led to an increased number of multinucleated cells and multipolar mitoses. Cell cytometry revealed a G2 arrest by patulin, which might explain the amplification of centrosomes and patulin-induced aneuploidy. Patulin cause a dose-dependent DNA damage in comet assay which was influenced by the cellular GSH content. However, an induction of oxidative stress was just seen with higher concentrations of patulin. Levels of cellular glutathione were increased after 24 h incubation indicating an adaptive response to patulin-induced stress. There is growing interest in polyphenols such as resveratrol which have shown many positive effects on human health. The beneficial properties are partially attributed to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Co-incubation of V79 cells with patulin and 10 µM of the antioxidant resveratrol led to a slight reduction of micronucleus frequency compared to cells which were just treated with patulin. However, in higher concentrations resveratrol themselves caused the formation of micronuclei in V79 cells. Kinetochore analysis indicated only clastogenic properties for resveratrol but no disturbance of mitosis. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol were shown in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. However, in cellular system resveratrol in higher concentrations revealed also prooxidative properties, as shown in 2,7-dichlordihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay. The increased level of glutathione after resveratrol treatment might reflect an adaptive response to resveratrol-induced oxidative stress. For the second part of this thesis we investigated the effects of an anthocyanin-rich grape extract on hypertensive Ren-2 rats. Ren-2 rats are an accepted genetically modified rat model for the investigation of hypertension and increased oxidative stress. We divided 23 female Ren-2 rats into three groups. One group was fed with an anthocyanin-rich Dacapo grape extract, one group was treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril and the third group was kept without medication during the experiment. After one week untreated group showed a clear increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the ramipril treated rats. This was in part attenuated in the animals fed with anthocyanin-rich Dacapo grape extract. Effects on blood pressure were also reflected in an increased thirst of untreated and extract fed animals. Comet assay with cells of kidney and liver revealed a slight protective impact of Dacapo extract on DNA damage compared to the other groups. Similar results were obtained after evaluation of ɣ-H2AX-staining of kidney and heart sections. However, in the small intestine oppositional effects were seen, indicating an increased number of double strand breaks probably due to the high local concentration of polyphenols after oral ingestion. Antioxidative properties of the extract were shown in FRAP assay. However, this effect was not reflected in an increased antioxidative capacity in serum or a protective impact in the dihydroethidium (DHE) assay. The extract showed protective effects on DNA damage in comet assay and ɣ-H2AX-staining, but was not able to reduce hypertension back to the control level of ramipril treated animals. High local concentrations could also result in an increased damage of the affected tissue. Therefore, the administration of such concentrated compounds should be handled with care. / Krebs ist eine der häufigsten weltweiten Todesursachen. Fehlernährung und Kontaminationen der Nahrungsmittel mit Toxinen wie Schimmelpilzgift tragen zu einem hohen Prozentsatz zu Krebserkrankungen bei. Allerdings enthält die Nahrung neben Mutagenen auch Bestandteile, die dazu beitragen das Krebsrisiko zu senken. Schäden am Genom können durch Nahrungsbestandteile über verschiedene Mechanismen, wie zum Beispiel das Abfangen von freien Radikalen reduziert werden. Im ersten Teil dieser Studie haben wir versucht die Effekte von Patulin und Resveratrol auf die DNA Stabilität von V79 Zellen zu untersuchen. Patulin ist ein Schimmelpilztoxin, welches häufig in verfaulten Äpfeln und anderen Früchten gefunden wird. Die WHO hat einen Grenzwert von 50 µg/L festgelegt, der jedoch nicht von allen Herstellern eingehalten wird. Die akute Giftwirkung von Patulin in hohen Dosen ist gut bekannt, wohingegen seine potentielle Kanzerogenität immer noch umstritten ist. Daher wollten wir weitere Schritte der Patulin induzierten Genotoxizität aufdecken. Patulin führte zu einer dosisabhängigen Bildung von Mikrokernen und Nucleoplasmic Bridges. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass Patulin sowohl kinetochor-positive wie auch kinetochor-negative Mikrokerne verursacht. Bei der Analyse des Zeitverlaufs einer Patulininkubation deutete sich ein neuer Mechanismus für die Patulin induzierte Bildung von Nucleoplasmic Bridges an. Wir haben die Hypothese einer Quervernetzung von DNA-Strängen aufgestellt, die durch eine modifizierte Version des Comet Assays bestätigt wurde. Die Inkubation mit Patulin führte zudem zu einer erhöhten Anzahl von vielkernigen Zellen und multipolaren Mitosen. Mittels Durchflusszytometrie konnten wir einen durch Patulin verursachten G2 Arrest nachweisen, der die Amplifikation von Centrosomen und die Patulin induzierte Aneuploidie erklären könnte. Patulin verursachte einen dosisabhängigen Schaden im Comet Assay, der durch den zellulären Glutathiongehalt beeinflusst ist. Eine Auslösung von oxidativem Stress wurde dagegen erst bei höheren Konzentrationen an Patulin beobachtet. Der zelluläre Gluathiongehalt war nach 24 h Inkubationszeit erhöht, was auf eine adaptive Antwort auf den durch Patulin verursachten zellulären Stress hindeutet. Polyphenole wie Resveratrol gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung, da zahlreiche positive Effekte auf die menschliche Gesundheit bewiesen wurden. Diese vorteilhaften Eigenschaften werden zum Teil ihrer Eigenschaft als Radikalfänger zugeschrieben. Die Co-Inkubation von V79 Zellen mit Patulin und Resveratrol führte zu einer leichten Reduktion der Mikrokernfrequenz im Vergleich zu Zellen, die nur mit Patulin inkubiert wurden. Allerdings löste Resveratrol in höheren Konzentrationen selbst die Bildung von Mikrokernen aus. Die Kinetochor-Analyse zeigte für Resveratrol clastogene Eigenschaften aber keine störende Effekte auf den Ablauf der Mitose. Die antioxidativen Eigenschaften von Resveratrol wurden im FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) -Assay nachgewiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden im zellulären System mittels DCF (2,7-Dichlordihydro-fluorescein) -Assay in höheren Konzentrationen auch prooxidative Eigenschaften festgestellt. Der erhöhte zelluläre Glutathionspiegel nach Resveratrol-Behandlung könnte dabei auf eine adaptive Anwort auf den durch Resveratrol ausgelösten oxidativen Stress hindeuten Im zweiten Teil dieser Doktorabeit haben wir die Effekte eines anthocyanreichen Traubenextrakts auf hypertensive Ren-2 Ratten untersucht. Ren-2 Ratten sind ein anerkanntes genetisch modifiziertes Rattenmodell zur Untersuchung von Bluthochdruck und erhöhtem oxidativem Stress. Wir haben 23 weibliche Ren-2 Ratten in 3 Gruppen geteilt. Eine Gruppe wurde mit einem anthocyan-reichen Dacapo Traubenextrakt gefüttert, eine Gruppe wurde mit dem ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) Inhibitor Ramipril behandelt und eine dritte Gruppe wurde während dem Experiment nicht medikamentös behandelt. Nach einer Woche zeigte die nicht therapierte Gruppe einen deutlichen Anstieg des systolischen und diastolischen Blutdrucks. Dieser Anstieg war bei der mit anthocyanreichem Dacapo Traubenextrakt gefütterten Gruppe abgeschwächt. Die Effekte auf den Blutdruck spiegelten sich auch in einer erhöhten Trinkmenge der unbehandelten und mit Extrakt behandelten Tiere wider. Ein Comet Assay mit Nieren- und Leberzellen zeigte einen schwachen schützenden Einfluß des Dacapoextrakts auf den DNA Schaden im Vergleich zu den anderen Behandlungsgruppen. Ähnliche Ergebnisse wurden auch bei der Auswertung der ɣ-H2AX Färbung in Nieren- und Herzschnitten erzielt. Im Dünndarm wurden dagegen gegensätzliche Effekte beobachtet, die auf eine erhöhte Doppelstrangfrequenz durch die hohe lokale Konzentration an Polyphenolen nach oraler Aufnahme hindeuten. Die antioxidative Eigenschaften des Extrakts wurden im FRAP_Assay nachgewiesen. Diese Effekte spiegelten sich jedoch nicht in einer erhöhten antioxidativen Kapazität des Serums oder einem schützenden Effekt im DHE-Assay wider. Der Extrakt zeigte schützende Eigenschaften im Comet Assay und in der ɣ-H2AX-Färbung, war aber nicht in der Lage den Bluthochdruck auf das Kontrollniveau der Ramipril-behandelten Tiere herabzusenken. Hohe lokale Konzentrationen können auch zu einem erhöhten Schaden des betroffenen Gewebes führen. Daher sollte die Anwendung solcher hochkonzentrierter Präparate mit Vorsicht bedacht werden.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 celli_mg_dr_sjrp.pdf: 756707 bytes, checksum: 4e5cc119fa93aadaf2ac40ff2235e038 (MD5) / A patulina, toxina com potencial carcinogênico, mutagênico e teratogênico produzida por Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. e Byssoclamys spp., pode ser encontrada em maçãs, sucos comerciais e outros produtos não fermentados constituindo-se num problema neste setor agroindustrial. Em bebidas fermentadas, porém, não é detectável mesmo que a matéria-prima esteja visivelmente contaminada. O presente trabalho visou quantificar a patulina tanto no tecido deteriorado de maçãs in natura quanto na parte sadia ao redor da lesão, monitorar a degradação no processo fermentativo típico utilizando Saccharomyces cerevisiae e degradar a toxina presente em produtos derivados de maçã pela ação do composto bioativo produzido pela levedura. A micotoxina foi quantificada por CLAE em sistema isocrático de fase reversa e detector UV a 275 nm. O grau de recuperação alcançado foi de 86,24% e os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 4,3 µg/L e 8,6 µg/L, respectivamente. Foram analisados 35 frutos de maçã in natura cultivar Fuji, tendo sido constatada a presença de patulina em 32 amostras, em concentrações que variaram de 1,01 a 120,4 mg/Kg de tecido na porção deteriorada e de 0,02 a 5,02 mg/Kg de tecido, na sadia. Para avaliação da cinética de degradação de patulina, suco de maçã contendo 5,0 µg de patulina/mL foi inoculado com 0,25g de células de levedura seca ativa/L, sendo observada uma maior redução no teor de toxina de 81,6% nas primeiras 48 horas de fermentação. Este tempo foi utilizado como parâmetro para obtenção do extrato bruto contendo o composto bioativo capaz de degradar a toxina. Na cinética de degradação de patulina pelo extrato bruto estéril inoculado com 3,0 µg de patulina/mL, foi obtida a maior taxa de degradação (50%) da toxina nas primeiras 48 horas, seguido de uma degradação mais lenta de apenas 5,7% nas 48 horas... / Patulin, a toxin with potential carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects produced by Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Byssoclamys sp., can be found in apples, juices and other commercial non-fermented products making up a problem in the agribusiness sector. However, patulin is not detectable in fermented beverages even if the raw material is visibly contaminated. This paper aimed to quantify patulin in both the tissue deteriorated fresh apples and at the sound around the lesion, to monitor the degradation in typical fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and degrade the toxin present in products derived from apple by the action of the bioactive compound produced by yeast. The mycotoxin was quantified by HPLC in isocratic system of reversed phase and UV detection at 275 nm. The degree of recovery achieved was 86.24% and the limits of detection and quantification were 4.3 µg/L and 8.6 µg/L, respectively. Thirty five fresh apple fruits Fuji were analyzed and it was, found the presence of patulin in 32 samples in concentrations that ranged from 1.01 to 120,4 mg/Kg of tissue in the damaged portion and 0.02 to 5, 02 mg/Kg of tissue in sound. To evaluate the kinetics of degradation of patulina, apple juice with 5.0 µg patulin/mL was inoculated with 0.25 g of cells active dry yeast/L, being observed a greater reduction in the toxin content of 81.6% in the first 48 hours of fermentation. This time was used as a parameter to obtain the crude extracts containing bioactive compound capable of degrading the toxin. The kinetics of patulin degradation by the crude extract inoculated with 3.0 µg patulin/mL showed the highest rate of the toxin degradation (50%) in the first 48 hours, followed by only 5.7% degradation after the remaining 48 hours of analysis. The kinetics of degradation of patulin by the extract dialysate inoculated with 3.0 µg patulin/mL showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

University, Diss.--Köln, 2006. / Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache.

Orientador: Crispin Humberto Garcia Cruz / Banca: Alexandre Rodrigo Coelho / Banca: Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono / Banca: Vanildo Luiz Del Bianchi / Banca: Eleni Gomes / Resumo: A patulina, toxina com potencial carcinogênico, mutagênico e teratogênico produzida por Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. e Byssoclamys spp., pode ser encontrada em maçãs, sucos comerciais e outros produtos não fermentados constituindo-se num problema neste setor agroindustrial. Em bebidas fermentadas, porém, não é detectável mesmo que a matéria-prima esteja visivelmente contaminada. O presente trabalho visou quantificar a patulina tanto no tecido deteriorado de maçãs in natura quanto na parte sadia ao redor da lesão, monitorar a degradação no processo fermentativo típico utilizando Saccharomyces cerevisiae e degradar a toxina presente em produtos derivados de maçã pela ação do composto bioativo produzido pela levedura. A micotoxina foi quantificada por CLAE em sistema isocrático de fase reversa e detector UV a 275 nm. O grau de recuperação alcançado foi de 86,24% e os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 4,3 µg/L e 8,6 µg/L, respectivamente. Foram analisados 35 frutos de maçã in natura cultivar Fuji, tendo sido constatada a presença de patulina em 32 amostras, em concentrações que variaram de 1,01 a 120,4 mg/Kg de tecido na porção deteriorada e de 0,02 a 5,02 mg/Kg de tecido, na sadia. Para avaliação da cinética de degradação de patulina, suco de maçã contendo 5,0 µg de patulina/mL foi inoculado com 0,25g de células de levedura seca ativa/L, sendo observada uma maior redução no teor de toxina de 81,6% nas primeiras 48 horas de fermentação. Este tempo foi utilizado como parâmetro para obtenção do extrato bruto contendo o composto bioativo capaz de degradar a toxina. Na cinética de degradação de patulina pelo extrato bruto estéril inoculado com 3,0 µg de patulina/mL, foi obtida a maior taxa de degradação (50%) da toxina nas primeiras 48 horas, seguido de uma degradação mais lenta de apenas 5,7% nas 48 horas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Patulin, a toxin with potential carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects produced by Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Byssoclamys sp., can be found in apples, juices and other commercial non-fermented products making up a problem in the agribusiness sector. However, patulin is not detectable in fermented beverages even if the raw material is visibly contaminated. This paper aimed to quantify patulin in both the tissue deteriorated fresh apples and at the sound around the lesion, to monitor the degradation in typical fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and degrade the toxin present in products derived from apple by the action of the bioactive compound produced by yeast. The mycotoxin was quantified by HPLC in isocratic system of reversed phase and UV detection at 275 nm. The degree of recovery achieved was 86.24% and the limits of detection and quantification were 4.3 µg/L and 8.6 µg/L, respectively. Thirty five fresh apple fruits Fuji were analyzed and it was, found the presence of patulin in 32 samples in concentrations that ranged from 1.01 to 120,4 mg/Kg of tissue in the damaged portion and 0.02 to 5, 02 mg/Kg of tissue in sound. To evaluate the kinetics of degradation of patulina, apple juice with 5.0 µg patulin/mL was inoculated with 0.25 g of cells active dry yeast/L, being observed a greater reduction in the toxin content of 81.6% in the first 48 hours of fermentation. This time was used as a parameter to obtain the crude extracts containing bioactive compound capable of degrading the toxin. The kinetics of patulin degradation by the crude extract inoculated with 3.0 µg patulin/mL showed the highest rate of the toxin degradation (50%) in the first 48 hours, followed by only 5.7% degradation after the remaining 48 hours of analysis. The kinetics of degradation of patulin by the extract dialysate inoculated with 3.0 µg patulin/mL showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor