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Women living in northern Nigeria face a herculean challenge of overcoming direct and indirect violence. These include domestic violence, political instability, social inequality, and the threat of Boko Haram. Boko Haram is an extremist militant group that has been known to kidnap, rape, and torture women and young girls as means of terrorizing the Nigerian community. Northern Nigerian women have also faced challenges within their own community as they are barred from participating in public activities, are under-represented in government, forced into early marriages, and are often victims of domestic violence. This study examines the lived experiences of women peacebuilders living in northern Nigeria as they negotiate regional conflicts and manage the peacebuilding process. Seven northern Nigerian females between the ages of 30 to 60 were recruited to participate in this study. All came from diverse backgrounds but shared a commonality of peace building and conflict management within their respective communities. The goal of this study was to better understand the meaning of these experiences and to uncover how these women handle these daily challenges. Feminist standpoint and structural violence theories provide the theoretical framework to dissect the essence of their experiences. The study adopted Clark Moustaka’s approach towards conducting transcendental phenomenological research methods and procedure. The results of the study will inform project design and policy formulation and serve as a source for future research and interventions by development agencies and other stakeholders interested in peace within the region.

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International House at the University of Alberta (I-House) is a living-learning campus residence that aims to build a strong community from an intentionally diverse population of international and Canadian students. With global education programming that focuses on leadership through community building, I-House creates opportunities for new leaders to emerge in a culturally complex environment that is thought to foster global leadership development. Eighteen I-House alumni and residents who were recognized for their leadership contributions were interviewed in-depth to determine whether and how their experiences at I-House contributed to developing their global leadership capacities and to offer insight into best practice leadership behaviors for an intensive multicultural environment. It was found that the global education culture at I-House created a nurturing environment where diverse perspectives were actively valued; I-House leaders perpetuated mechanisms of active inclusion and support, and global leadership practices that were developed in I-House continued into leaders‘ personal and professional lives.

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There is an ongoing theme within the field of peace conceptualisation to create and to add to the meaning of peace. This has caused a fragmented field with over 130 conceptualisations. As we move forward, it isthus necessary to review whether the methods utilised to measure peace are suitable in the ever changing contexts of today. Studies investigating levels of peace or types of peace are as important now as theywere before and as they will be in the future. As the world becomes more interconnected and complex in its actions, and as more conflicts emerge, it is important that those involved, both directly and indirectly, understand what to strive for and how far away from that goal they are. Thus, it is extremely important to examine to what extent the measuring systems of peace and adjacent topics today reflect peace. This study examines current methods of measuring peace and adjacent topics through the lens of Johan Galtung’s violence triangle and his positive and negative peace dichotomy. Through a qualitative approach, this study aims to review whether how peace is measured today applies to a broader framework of peace and, if not, what changes could be made to enhance the portrayal of peace in today’s society. In this research, five measuring systems were examined, evaluated and discussed (the Global Peace Index, the Positive Peace Index, the Freedom in the World Index, the Human Rights Index and the Human Freedom Index). They were all found to be lacking depth and width. This was especially apparent within the peace-focused indices, which, when looked at together with the rest of the systems, does not hinder a larger understanding of peace, but separately it does. All in all, the two indices focused on freedom seem to be the most peace-related based on the framework employed. These findings showcase the need to re-evaluate how peace is measured to ensure that what is perceived as peace and peacefulness accurately portray both.

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No description available.