[pt] A presente dissertação se propõe a lançar uma nova reflexão sobre a figura do segundo imperador brasileiro, Pedro de Alcântara, cuja ênfase recai sobre a análise de sua persona pública como intelectual, e não como monarca. O estudo objetiva, através de diferentes propostas epistemológicas, inserir Pedro de Alcântara no espaço de sociabilidade brasileiro, mais especificamente na cidade do Rio do Janeiro, sede da corte imperial no século XIX, já que rechaça as correntes teóricas que trabalham com a idéia de que existe uma incompatibilidade entre as idéias difundidas no meio cultural europeu, ambiente cultural em que Pedro de Alcântara é recorrentemente remetido, e o brasileiro de tal natureza, que seria impossível pensar o Brasil a partir de valores e tradições que constituíram o cenário social e cultural europeu oitocentista. O estudo também propõe uma leitura do papel social de Pedro de Alcântara como intelectual, conceituando-o e inserindo-o no modelo cultural iluminista, já que seu interesse não se reduzia a nenhuma área específica do conhecimento, pelo contrário abarcou diversos ramos das artes e ciências, em que trabalhou ativamente como pesquisador e mecenas, comprometido com a difusão dos valores do progresso, ou seja, da modernidade em seu país. Como expressão paradigmática deste contexto histórico-ideológico em que o estudo procurou inserilo, foram trabalhadas as duas viagens que realizou ao Egito nos anos de 1871-72 e 1876-77, através, principalmente, dos relatos presentes em seus diários de viagem. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is to study the second emperor of Brazil, Pedro de Alcântara, as a public figure, emphasizing his role as an intellectual and not as a monarch. Consequently, the dissertation will re- evaluate some of theoretical discourses of the so-colled incompatibilities between the European and the Brazilian political, social and cultural traditions and values during the eighteenth century. Using different epistemological approaches, including an account and understanding of the social context of Rio de Janeiro, the seat of the imperial court, the current proposal offers a new perspective on his public image as an intellectual. The dissertation demonstrates that Pedro de Alcântara can be identified as an illuminist considering his in-depth interest for the fine arts and science, and his contributions to these areas not only as a researcher, but also as an active sponsor. In this regard the dissertation puts a particular emphasis on the two D. Pedro de Alcântara`s travels to Egypt in 1871 through 1872 an again 1876 though 1877. Based upon the analysis of the emperor` diaries, the research illustrates how he interacted with European intellectual vision concerning the ancient society that prospered on the banks of the River Nile, and also with the imperialistic political attempts to colonize Egypt, fact strictly connected to the way the history of Egypt was narrated by its recent colonizers.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objetivo realizar uma leitura estético-política da obra do diretor português Pedro Costa. Orientada pelas narrativas, pela mise-enscène e pelos modos de produção do cinema do realizador, ela pretende discorrer e tensionar questões acerca da colonialidade que perpassa Portugal e o continente europeu no século XXI. A partir desta obra que é enfocada nas Fontainhas, bairro lisboeta de emigrados cabo-verdianos que foi demolido pelo estado português, objetiva-se compreender o trabalho estético e político de dois filmes acompanharam este processo: No quarto da Vanda (2000) e Juventude em marcha (2006), além da realização posterior à demolição das Fontainhas: Cavalo Dinheiro (2014). Filmes que apontam para as fantasmagorias dos processos coloniais, buscando assim, trazer as suas personagens como agentes centrais dos procedimentos de fabulação do real de tais apontamentos. / [en] This dissertation aims to carry out an aesthetic-political reading of Portuguese film director Pedro Costa s work. Guided by the filmmaker s narratives, mise-enscène, and cinematic production style, the intention is to reflect on and stress questions related to coloniality that have penetrated Portugal and the European continent in the 21st century. With a body of work focussed on Fontainhas, a Lisbon neighborhood of Cape Verdean immigrants demolished by the Portuguese state, this study aims to understand the aesthetic and political work of two films that accompanied this process: In Vanda s Room (2000) and Colossal Youth (2006), in addition to the film completed after the demolition of Fontainhas: Horse Money (2014). These films point out the phantasmagorias of the colonial processes, seeking, as a result, to bring forth the characters as central agents in the fabling process of the real events noted.

La presente tesis está enfocada en el análisis de la viabilidad del Proyecto Residencial Eco Hogar Solidario, el cual es un proyecto de vivienda de interés social que posee un enfoque de sostenibilidad. Este proyecto se ubica en el distrito de San Pedro de Lloc, departamento de Pacasmayo de la Región La Libertad. El área de emplazamiento del terreno es de 24,799.26 m2 y de acuerdo al certificado de parámetros, la zona es Residencial de Densidad Media. Para el análisis de viabilidad se ha analizado proyectos cercanos que se encuentran en ejecución y/o han sido entregados, que tengan elementos parecidos al producto que ofrecemos como son las viviendas de interés social. Sin embargo, el enfoque de sostenibilidad y acompañamiento social que se pretende añadir al producto, es único para el proyecto Eco Hogar Solidario. De los proyectos de vivienda Techo Propio entregados bajo la modalidad Adquisición de Vivienda Nueva (AVN) y subsidiados por el Estado mediante el Programa Techo Propio, se ha podido apreciar de acuerdo con el estudio de mercado realizado, que la principal deficiencia se da principalmente porque las áreas comunes se encuentran abandonadas, cubiertas por basura y maleza, generando un impacto ambiental social negativo. Además de mostrar una imagen poco atractiva para el referido marketing de las inmobiliarias. El proyecto Residencial Eco Hogar Solidario, considera dentro de su propuesta el desarrollo de 185 unidades de lote y vivienda sostenible, las cuales contarán con un área techada de 35 m2. En la construcción de las mismas, se hará uso de elementos y materiales que cuiden el medio ambiente, contarán con aparatos sanitarios y luces de bajo consumo, buscando ahorros en los recibos de servicios básicos. El proyecto residencial también pretende forjar una cultura sostenible a través de buenas prácticas de reciclaje y cuidado de áreas comunes. Para generar en el propietario el sentido del cuidado de su residencial con miras a dejar un hogar sostenible para las futuras generaciones, el proyecto desarrolla un programa de acompañamiento social “TINKUY”, en el que la inmobiliaria de la mano de la junta de propietarios de la residencial podrá organizar eventos, talleres referentes al cuidado del medio ambiente, principalmente de sus áreas comunes, así como generar la cooperación comunitaria y su participación activa. El target principal al que va dirigido este proyecto son personas que pertenecen al Nivel Socioeconómico (NSE) C2 y D, cuyo ingreso familiar se encuentre entre 1522 a 3715 soles, que no cuenten con propiedad inmobiliaria alguna y que se encuentren ubicados en los departamentos de La Libertad, Cajamarca y Trujillo, cuyo estilo de vida corresponde a los formalistas, conservadores y progresistas. El proyecto Residencial Eco Hogar Solidario para su promoción utilizará un marketing directo a través de paneles publicitarios, recibos de servicio básico, publicaciones en Revista del Fondo Mivivienda donde se respalda el proyecto y publicaciones en redes sociales de la empresa, con la finalidad de dirigir nuestro producto al target identificado, brindarles información clara respecto de los atributos y el financiamiento respectivo a fin de concretar la compra. Cabe resaltar la importancia de lograr que el cliente llegue a la caseta de ventas y pueda visitar el módulo piloto, aprovechando en mostrar las características reales de la vivienda, para así generar un mayor impacto para su decisión definitiva de compra. Allí se aprovechará además en mostrar los recursos impresos y digitales para complementar la información de los atributos del proyecto. Finalmente, el Proyecto Residencial Eco Hogar Solidario permite ofrecer a las personas de menores ingresos económicos una primera vivienda propia con subsidio del Estado, la cual contará con áreas de terreno más grandes respecto a la competencia, materiales de calidad ecoeficientes, y un Plan de acompañamiento Social sostenible, el cual se materializa en los diferentes atributos con los que cuenta el proyecto generando un beneficio total no solo para los clientes sino más aún a nivel de comunidad. Así mismo cumple con la rentabilidad esperada por sus accionistas quienes buscan ser pioneros en este tipo de propuestas, característica de su empresa, por lo cual consideramos que será un proyecto exitoso.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender as principais motivações e estratégias familiares para o acesso e permanência dos estudantes no Colégio Pedro II (CPII) – escola federal considerada de excelência. Como método de pesquisa, adotamos a abordagem qualitativa com uso de duas técnicas de coleta/produção de dados, a saber: levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os estudantes cotistas e não cotistas do primeiro e segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental e suas respectivas famílias. A seleção dos estudantes e de suas famílias para as entrevistas foi feita por meio da técnica denominada bola de neve, amostragem não probabilística em que os participantes iniciais das entrevistas indicam outros novos participantes até que os participantes passem a repetir a mesma resposta. Com o fito de responder aos objetivos, a pesquisa traz referenciais nos campos da Sociologia e da Sociologia da Educação. As pesquisas no campo da Sociologia da Educação costumam ser abundanyrd e abordam diversas questões como as relações entre a educação e as desigualdades socioeconômicas. Por isso, abordamos as temáticas das estratégias familiares mobilizadas pelas famílias das diferentes classes sociais (médias e populares), a relação família-escola e a temática do que são colégios públicos de excelência assim como a motivação para escolher o Colégio Pedro II. Por fim, a análise dos dados e do levantamento bibliográfico apontaram não só a existência de diferentes estratégias mobilizadas pelas famílias das camadas médias e das camadas populares para que seus filhos tenham acesso e permanência no Colégio Pedro II mas também diferentes motivações para a escolha do Colégio Pedro II. Após a análise dos dados coletados nas entrevistas, concluímos que as famílias entrevistadas possuem um alto Capital Cultural observado pelo acumulo de capital informacional e valorizam a escola pública de excelência, caso do CPII, em detrimento das escolas públicas comuns. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is to understand the main motivations and families strategies for students access to CPII – considered an excellence federal school – as well as the school s selective strategies in relation with the families strategies. As a research method, we adopted a qualitative approach using three data collection/production techniques: bibliographic survey of scientific articles; documental analysis; and semi-structured interviews with those from Pedrinho, quota and non-quota students from the 1st segment of Elementary School and their respective families. The selection of students and their families for the interviews was done using snowball technique. This technique implies: the initial interview participants nominate other new participants, who nominate others until they start repeating the same answer. In order to respond to the research objectives, it brings Sociology and Sociology of Education references. Sociology of Education area of knowledge tends to be broad and addresses various issues such as the relations between education and socioeconomic inequalities. Therefore, we approach the themes of families strategies mobilized by families from different social classes (middle and popular), as well as the family-school relationship and what are excellent public schools as well as the motivation for choosing Colégio Pedro II. Finally, the data analysis, the bibliographic survey and the documental analysis pointed not only to the existence of different ways of mobilizing of the middle classes and the popular classes families so that their children have access to Colégio Pedro II, but also different motivations for choosing Colégio Pedro II.

One of the major environmental concerns in the world is the loss of biological diversity due to anthropogenic activities. Of special concern is the conservation of endemic species that are particularly vulnerable to extinction. The Mearns's squirrel (Tamiasciurus mearnsi) is endemic to the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California. Federally listed as threatened in Mexico and as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), little is known about the ecology of this southernmost Tamiasciurus. Interestingly, Mearns's squirrels exhibit deviations from common behaviors observed in other congeners such as lack of leaf nests (dreys) and larderhoards (middens), suggesting potentially unique adaptations. Herein, I reviewed the diversity and conservation status of the arboreal squirrels of Mexico. Using radio-telemetry and satellite imagery, I examined if the lack of dreys and middens may be associated with differences observed in nesting behavior, home-range dynamics, and life-history and behavioral tactics between Mearns's squirrels and other arboreal squirrels.Mexico harbors 14 species of arboreal squirrels, of which four are endemic, with the states of Chiapas and San Luis Potosí possessing the greatest diversity. Unfortunately, high deforestation rates in Mexico, and a dearth of information on their ecology, pose serious threats to the persistence of this squirrel diversity. Mearns's squirrels apparently are obligate secondary cavity-nesters with specific nesting requirements and their population possibly limited by the low occurrence of tree cavities in their habitat. The species seems to have lost the territorial behavior that is characteristic of the genus Tamiasciurus. Home-range dynamics of Mearns's squirrels are similar to nonterritorial Sciurus squirrels. Although reproduction and survival are similar to other Tamiasciurus, the species is heavier and apparently larger while exhibiting important variations in their behavior compared to other congeners. The lack of dreys and middens appears to be associated with the unique tactics adopted by Mearns's squirrels to persist in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir. The species provides an important opportunity to learn more about geographic variation in nesting behavior and the evolution of territoriality. Large trees and snags that facilitate cavity formation are critical for the conservation of this species.

The San Pedro del Gallo area 1.8 in the north-central part of Mexico, between 25°30' and 26°00' N latitude, and 104°00' and 104°20' W longitude. It covers approximately 1,900 square kilometers at the western edge of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The oldest rocks exposed in the area belong to the Villa Juarez Formation of possible Late Triassic age. These rocks, of continental origin, comprise siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, tuff, and intercalated lavas of characteristic red color. Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks form a section with a maximum thickness of about 3,580 m. The sediments were deposited in the Mexican Geosyncline, west of the Coahuila Peninsula of pre-Aptian age. The Villa Juarez Formation is overlain with angular unconformity by orthoquartzite, quartzose sandstone, and limestone lenses of the La Gloria Formation of Oxfordian age. The La Casita Formation, which is stratigraphically above the La Gloria Formation, probably ranges in age from late Oxfordian to early Neocomian. It consists of thin-bedded limestone, black shale, and varicolored sandstone, with intercalations of coal seams and abundant ammonites. The Lower Cretaceous rocks of the area comprise the Coahuila Series, La Pena Formation, Aurora Limestone, and Cuesta del Cura Formation. Neocomian and upper Aptian rocks are represented by thin-bedded limestone, marl, and shale of the Taraises, Las Vigas, Parritas, and La Pena Formations. This sequence of rocks is overlain with apparent conformity by the medium- to thick-bedded bank-type Aurora Limestone of middle to late Albian age. A notable change of facies occurs laterally in the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian rocks, the lithology of the Aurora Limestone grading westward into the thin-bedded limestone with wavy bedding planes and black chert intercalations that characterize the Cuesta del Cura Formation. An erosional unconformity developed on the surface of the Aurora Limestone and Cuesta del Cura Formation is covered by the Indidura and Caracol Formations of Turonian to Coniacian age. These consist or thin-bedded, platy limestone, shale, and marl beds, which grade upward into a thick sequence of poorly fossiliferous calcareous sandstone, siltstone, and shale. A period of intense folding and erosion preceded the deposit of the non-marine Ahuichila Formation, of probable late Eocene and early Oligocene age. This formation was deposited with marked angular unconformity on all the older rocks, including the Villa Juarez Formation. Both, porphyritic and equigranular igneous rocks in the form of dikes, sills, plugs, and stocks intrude the bedded rocks of the area. They range in composition from quartz rhyolite porphyry to andesite and from granadiorite to monzonite. The rocks around the intrusive bodies have been metamorphosed irregularly as far as 100 m from the igneous contacts. Irregular tactite aureoles occur around intrusive bodies in the Descubridora district, west of Cerritos de Los Victorinos, and in the Sierra del Mimbre. Marble and recrystallized limestone is found west of Descubridora and in the Bajio del Bailon, and hornfels has formed in Cerrito de La Cruz and Cerrito de Las Liebres near San Pedro del Gallo, as well as in the southern part of the Sierra del Mimbre. Folowing emplacement of the intrusive bodies mineralizing solutions reacting with sedimentary rocks gave origin to the different mineralized zones in the region. The beginning of the Laramide Orogeny in the San Pedro del Gallo region is marked by Late Cretaceous uplift, which probably continued until middle or late Eocene time. Compressive forces acting in an east-west to northeast-southwest direction folded the Mesozoic strata into a series of narrow asymmetrical anticlines and synclines overturned to the east, with axial, planes almost parallel to the borders of the Coahuila Peninsula. Thrusting and faulting were important in the vicinity of San Pedro del Gallo. There is no conclusive evidence of large-scale post-Triassic and pre-Laramide deformation in the area. Extrusion of lavas ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite, accompanied by extensive block faulting, occurred during Miocene and Pliocene time. Late Tertiary uplift began during the Pliocene. The streams were rejuvenated and there was increased erosion, which caused, together with a change of climate, the overloading of some streams and local blocking of drainage by alluvial fans in the valleys, giving rise to the Santa Ines Formation. Erosion, more than deposition is the dominant event at present. Contact metasomatic silver, lead, and copper deposits in the Aurora Limestone have been mined in the Descubridora, Parranderas , and Sierra del Mimbre districts. Fluorite and barite have been extracted from veins in the La Gloria Formation and the Aurora Limestone. Thin beds and seams of coal in the La Casita Formation were mined within the town limits of San Pedro del Gallo. No important mining activity exists at present in the area studied. The area has never been tested for oil.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Estudios Latinoamericanos.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica. / Al hablar de una ciudad como Santiago, reconocemos las características de la megaciudad, que la distinguen de otros entornos urbanos. Entre dichas características sobresalen el acelerado crecimiento demográfico, las culturas de la “congestión-fragmentación”, la “inabarcabilidad” y “las comunidades diferidas” . Junto a la inmigración, los avances en la tecnología informática, los mensajes electrónicos – en los últimos quince años- que contribuyen a intensificar el contacto; real o virtual, entre individuos y comunidades. “Los medios de comunicación participan del aceleramiento que el crecimiento demográfico produce; agilizan el contacto interpersonal y la circulación de conocimientos e informaciones”.

This diploma thesis studies the transformation of the image of conquistador Lope de Aguirre in selected pieces of Hispanic literature. The introductory compilation explains the historical context of the colonial background in which Aguirre's rebellion took place. Some historical facts about Aguirre himself are added as well. The analytical part of this thesis concentrates on Aguirre's image in literature written in Spanish, from the second half of the 16th century till present. The four hundred year development of a historical persona into a myth is very briefly captured. Given the amount of possible research samples we choose to primarily focus on Aguirre's image in 16th century chronicles written by witnesses, namely the chronicle of Francisco Vázquez. Secondarily, we also look into the image created by post-boom writers in the seventies in the 20th century, with special consideration of Abel Posse's novel Daimón. As a result, we can make a limited comparison between one of the very first and one of the very last literary images of Aguirre. Based upon these images we also try to deduce the influence of contemporary values and mentality on the creation of said images.

El presente estudio se ocupa de la producción escultórica de imágenes talladas en madera tanto en bulto como en relieve, de creación limeña, con el propósito de examinar su evolución plástica en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Por tanto, los retablos, cajonerías, sillerías de coro, techos y otros muebles litúrgicos no serán tomados en cuenta por nosotros. En caso que estos fueran mencionados es solo para acentuar el tono de nuestra información. Dicho esto, la presente investigación centra su interés en el análisis formal del grupo escultórico de la Sagrada Familia (1633), conservada en la capilla de San José en la Catedral de Lima, para la que fue pensada, identificada como obra del escultor Pedro Muñoz de Alvarado . Nuestro objetivo es presentar el referido grupo en el contexto de los hechos escultóricos en Lima de la época, y sobre todo determinar su originalidad plástica mediante la comparación formal entre el grupo escultórico catedralicio citado y el grupo de esculturas atribuidas por los especialistas a la época que estudiamos. Esta comparación formal consistirá en la observación de la composición y detalles plásticos de las figuras pertenecientes al conjunto de obras de la época, y luego contrastarlas con las que exhibe el referido grupo catedralicio, para hallar semejanzas o diferencias. El investigador Antonio San Cristóbal llamó la atención en la obra del citado escultor Pedro Muñoz de Alvarado, comunicando algunos documentos donde está registrada la actividad profesional conocida de dicho maestro . Por otro lado ya se ha señalado el particular estilo de las esculturas que conforman la Sagrada Familia , pero no se ha realizado un estudio formal que precise al respecto y lo ponga en relación con la producción escultórica local.