Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ama_me_ia.pdf: 647877 bytes, checksum: 5c606fdadd683f30640cad5c9f2a888e (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar, por meio da análise semiótico-sistêmica de três projetos do BijaRi, que a arte pode apontar caminhos que levem à mudança de hábitos. São intervenções e instalações que visam a produção de ambientes e objetos estéticos, com o intuito de atingir o grande público nas metrópoles, sobretudo São Paulo, provocando estranhamento e o choque, a fim de lhes despertar um novo olhar, uma nova mentalidade, uma mudança de hábitos, capaz de garantir a permanência dos sistemas vivos, entre os quais, os seres humanos, considerados, à luz da Teoria Geral de Sistemas, os sistemas biopsicossociais mais complexos existentes no planeta. Os projetos analisados são Natureza Urbana, de que fazem parte quatro instalações, Oceano Invadido e LUXO. Com base em conceitos centrais da Teoria Geral de Sistemas e da Semiótica Peirceana, pretendemos fazer uma análise sistêmico-semiótica dos trabalhos do grupo paulista Bijari, relacionando tais obras com o conceito de permanência na Arte e as ciências normativas de Peirce (semiótica, ética e estética). / The objective of this work is to demonstrate, through the semiotic analysis of threesystemic projects Bijari, that art can point out ways that lead to changing habits. Installations and interventions are aimed at the production of aesthetic objects and environments, in order to reach the general public in cities, particularly São Paulo, causing estrangement and shock in order to wake them a new look, a new mentality, a change of habits, able to guarantee the permanence of living systems, including human beings, considered in the light of General Systems Theory, the more complex biopsychosocial systems on the planet. The projects are analyzed Urban Nature, which are part of four facilities, Ocean Invaded and LUXURY. Based on the central concepts of General Systems Theory and Peircean Semiotics, we intend to make a systemicsemiotic analysis of the work of the Bijari, relating these works with the concept of permanence in the Art and normative sciences of Peirce (semiotics, ethics and aesthetics).

Society builds itself as a culture from the most prosaic attitudes of everyday life to the most complex problematizations that it puts on the agenda for its own reflection. Therefore, one cannot expect to be able to imprison culture in one concept. Culture is a context in which a profusion of significant possibilities (behaviors, artifacts, states of consciousness) intertwines. An apprehension of this context invariably demands a search for categories of analysis capable of encompassing it holistically, that is, by considering all their different - and even contradictory - aspects. In view of this context, the aim of this thesis is to show that it is possible to extract knowledge about the world from the phenomena that constitute this very world and that the semiotic analysis of images produced by people about their everyday experiences is a valid strategy for this. Given this interest, the first step of the work was to draw a relation between the contemporary moment, culture and images, in order to discuss images as cultural artifacts in their signic potentialities. After that, we sought to identify an object representative of the current time, for which it were possible to look at aiming the elaboration of a corpus of images. Then, a method based on Peircean philosophy was developed, including not only the relations of signification that the thinker proposes, but also his phenomenology and philosophical connections with Aesthetics, Ethics and Logic, to deal with this corpus in order to extract inferences about the contemporary. The findings of the research allow us to think how diligent attention to certain social actions and the use of a conceptual tool adapted to the holistic character of the cultural context are capable of providing inferences that can be considered valid because they emerge from the same group that negotiates the meanings there potentialized and because these inferences express, at different levels, their beliefs, desires and intentions. / Submitted by Cynthia Hansen (cynthia.hansen@unisul.br) on 2017-10-14T18:00:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 805 bytes, checksum: c4c98de35c20c53220c07884f4def27c (MD5) PPGCL_Tese_CynthiaHansen_2017.pdf: 22252969 bytes, checksum: 5dee7f365d5fc593aa86076d8f034288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Karina Ramos Wagner (wagner.karina@unisul.br) on 2017-10-30T17:57:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 805 bytes, checksum: c4c98de35c20c53220c07884f4def27c (MD5) PPGCL_Tese_CynthiaHansen_2017.pdf: 22252969 bytes, checksum: 5dee7f365d5fc593aa86076d8f034288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T17:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 805 bytes, checksum: c4c98de35c20c53220c07884f4def27c (MD5) PPGCL_Tese_CynthiaHansen_2017.pdf: 22252969 bytes, checksum: 5dee7f365d5fc593aa86076d8f034288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A sociedade se constrói enquanto cultura desde as atitudes mais prosaicas do dia-a-dia até as problematizações mais complexas que coloca em pauta para sua própria reflexão. Não se pode esperar, portanto, que seja possível aprisionar a cultura em um conceito. A cultura é um contexto no qual uma profusão de possibilidades significantes (comportamentos, artefatos, estados de consciência) se entrelaça. Uma apreensão deste contexto invariavelmente demanda que se busque categorias de análise capazes de abarcá-lo de forma holista, ou seja, considerando todos os seus diferentes – e mesmo contraditórios – aspectos. Em vista deste contexto, o objetivo desta tese é mostrar que é possível extrair conhecimento sobre o mundo a partir dos fenômenos que constituem este próprio mundo e que a análise semiótica de imagens produzidas pelas pessoas a respeito de suas experiências cotidianas é uma estratégia válida para isso. Dado deste interesse, o primeiro passo do trabalho foi traçar uma relação entre o momento contemporâneo, a cultura e as imagens para, então, discutir as imagens, enquanto artefatos culturais, em suas potencialidades sígnicas. Isto feito, buscou-se identificar um objeto representativo do tempo atual, para o qual fosse possível olhar visando a elaboração de um corpus de imagens e se desenvolveu um método baseado na filosofia peirceana, incluindo não só as relações de significação que o pensador propõe, mas também sua fenomenologia e as conexões filosóficas com a Estética, a Ética e a Lógica, para lidar com este corpus a fim de extrair inferências a respeito do contemporâneo. Os achados da pesquisa permitem pensar como a atenção diligente a determinadas ações sociais e o uso de uma ferramenta conceitual adaptada ao caráter holista do contexto cultural são capazes de fornecer inferências que podem ser consideras válidas porque se dão a partir do grupo mesmo que negocia os significados ali potencializados expressando, em diferentes níveis, suas crenças, desejos e intenções.

The thesis describes a rational reconstruction of Sowa's theory of Conceptual Graphs. The reconstruction produces a theory with a firmer logical foundation than was previously the case and which is suitable for computation whilst retaining the expressiveness of the original theory. Also, several areas of incompleteness are addressed. These mainly concern the scope of operations on conceptual graphs of different types but include extensions for logics of higher orders than first order. An important innovation is the placing of negation onto a sound representational basis. A comparison of theorem proving techniques is made from which the principles of theorem proving in Peirce logic are identified. As a result, a set of derived inference rules, suitable for a goal driven approach to theorem proving, is developed from Peirce's beta rules. These derived rules, the first of their kind for Peirce logic and conceptual graphs, allow the development of a novel theorem proving approach which has some similarities to a combined semantic tableau and resolution methodology. With this methodology it is shown that a logically complete yet tractable system is possible. An important result is the identification of domain independent heuristics which follow directly from the methodology. In addition to the theorem prover, an efficient system for the detection of selectional constraint violations is developed. The proof techniques are used to build a working knowledge base system in Prolog which can accept arbitrary statements represented by conceptual graphs and test their semantic and logical consistency against a dynamic knowledge base. The same proof techniques are used to find solutions to arbitrary queries. Since the system is logically complete it can maintain the integrity of its knowledge base and answer queries in a fully automated manner. Thus the system is completely declarative and does not require any programming whatever by a user with the result that all interaction with a user is conversational. Finally, the system is compared with other theorem proving systems which are based upon Conceptual Graphs and conclusions about the effectiveness of the methodology are drawn.

In this paper we present C. S. Peirce's take on the difference between science and practice in order to identify the role practice plays in his view of the universe. This take is based on a number of notions about the general nature of signs, inquiries, inferences and arguments, which we discuss. We then survey Peirce's classification of science, show the factors it is based on and examine the mutual relations of the various fields of scientific study. This lets us finally posit practice in the realm of qualities and reactions and show the limits of scientific inquiry into certain matters. We illustrate our findings on a number of examples.

In this thesis I analyze detective Sherlock Holmes method based on the semiotics of Ch. S. Peirce. I would like to show that although Holmes detective about his method claim that it is deductive, in-depth analysis shows that this method is far more complex and involves induction and abduction, and that each of these methods has its own importance in the detective's reasoning. The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the Sherlock Holmes detective in terms of logical methods. The second part is focused on methods of reasoning by Ch. S. Peirce emphasizing abduction, a hypothesis. The third part is practical and includes analysis of the process of detective Sherlock Holmes based on the thesis of Ch. S. Peirce, as outlined in the second part.`

This thesis consists of the analysis of Peirce's essays Questions Concering Certain Faculties Claimed for Man and Some Consequences of Four Incapacities focused on the genesis of fallibilism and its dependence on the theory of representation. Peirce's epistemological position here is articulated as a rejection of foundationalism and its conditions (e.g. intuition and introspection) that are understood to be unfounded hypotheses due the character of our knowledge of the outside world. The aim of this thesis is to find out how Peirce's epistemology can work without the certainty of foundationalism. Keywords: Peirce, fallibilism, representation, critique of foundationalism, inference, epistemology

This thesis focuses on the basic delimiting of the issue of play within the framework C. S. Peirce's semiotics. Its objective is to expound and explicate the role of the phenomena of play in Peirce's philosophy using selected Peirce's texts and secondary literature, whereas our main starting-point is Peirce's identification of play with the inferential form of abduction. As such play is connected to Peirce's theories of sign and inference, as well as to the concepts of synechism, evolutionary cosmology and pragmatism. This finding sets Peirce's theory of inference within critical logic as one of the key themes of the thesis. In relation to this finding we give a basic explanation of Peirce's phaneroscopy and speculative grammar which in dependency on Peirce's classification of sciences set the ground for our analysis of play as a process of inference as well as a significant function. Within the framework of critical logic we focus primarily on abduction, especially on the question of the validity of abduction as a form of logical reasoning as well as on Peirce's transition from understanding different forms of inference as separate processes to understanding them as a continuous and interdependent whole of the scientific method. We develop Peirce's brief conception of play through an excursion...

The thesis points to the negative phenomenon of Holocaust denial, objective viewpoint of testimony, authenticity of photograph and background of historical consciousness in the context of postmodern situation. If we wanted to use objective testimony of photograph as a valid argument against Holocaust denial, we would have to declare the authenticity of photograph is invalid. The options of its manipulation, both content and meaning, are examined through semiotics of Peirce, mainly through trichotomy icon, index and symbol. In today's pluralistic time, the historical consciousness is proposed as a possible starting point of examination of historical sources, including photograph. Key words Photograph, authenticity, manipulation, Peirce, historical consciousness, Holocaust.

The subject of this thesis is Roger Bacon`s work De signis. Its goal is to consider in what sense Bacon works out the general theory of signs. In this sense the thesis` method is situated in the field of "archeology of sings". First it examines Bacon`s definition of sign as a relation, investigates its formal properties and ways of application in particular cases, i.e. Bacon`s classification of signs. Then it shows the way in which Bacon applies this general notion in particular examinations, that is in problems of what the words signify, concept of univaocation and equivocation, theory of analogy and last but not least it considers a question of the nature of signification itself. The last chapter is dedicated to the examination of the (re)imposition phenomenon together with consideration of result it has on the notion of sign relation`s nature and how it serves as an explanation of the process in which these relations work. Keywords: Roger Bacon, John Deely, Charles S. Peirce, medieval semiotics, archeology of signs.

This dissertation provides a critical and constructive interpretation of “A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God” [NA], the sole primarily theological essay written by the logician, scientist, and philosopher C. S. Peirce (1839-1914). Despite recent scholarly attention, NA has confused its readers from its publication in 1908 until today. This dissertation interprets NA in light of: (a) Peirce’s philosophy of science and his theory of signs (semeiotic); and (b) a close reading of the published essays and unpublished manuscripts Peirce composed during the decade before NA’s publication and the six years he lived post-publication. These primary materials suggest that the key to understanding the so-called humble argument at the heart of NA is Peirce’s conviction that the universe is a divine sign. The humble argument is a recommendation that one make musement, or the playful contemplation of the universe, a daily habit. Since Peirce believed that the universe is a divine sign, he predicted that anyone who mused for forty to fifty minutes daily would eventually come to believe in God’s reality. Peirce describes the humble argument as the innermost of three nested arguments, the latter two defending the reasonableness of the humble argument. The second argument, which Peirce accuses theologians of neglecting, appeals to the instinctiveness of the idea that God is real as evidence of the truth of that idea. As stated, that argument is flawed, but it can be reformulated as an empirical prediction that intelligent extraterrestrial lifeforms will tend to develop conceptions of God or Ultimate Reality. The third argument defends the reasonableness of the humble argument by construing the idea of God as arising, like scientific hypotheses, through abductive inference. Contra Peirce, this dissertation argues that, although analogous to certain abstractions that play important roles in science, the idea of God is not a valid scientific hypothesis because it entails no testable predictions. Given this lack of testable consequences, Peirce’s pragmatic defense of the meaningfulness of the idea of God is inconsistent with his pragmaticism, having more in common with William James’s individualistic interpretation of pragmatism, which Peirce had previously opposed.