Vulvodynia, a common form of chronic vulvovaginal pain, is conceptualized as a multifactorial chronic pain condition. Research has examined the role of numerous physiological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of vulvodynia, however, health care experiences have not been closely examined in this clinical population. Three online studies were conducted to investigate the health care experiences of women with chronic vulvovaginal pain. Study 1 examined pelvic examination (PE) experiences in women with and without chronic pain during intercourse. During their last PE, women with pelvic and vulvovaginal pain reported significantly more pain and anxiety compared to women without pain during intercourse. Various predisposing (first PE experience), examination (quality of patient- physician interaction, physician gender), and psychological factors (vaginal penetration cognitions, body image) predicted PE ratings in women with and without pain during intercourse. Study 2 more broadly examined pain and adjustment in women with vulvovaginal pain. Pain-related beliefs (i.e., attributional style, perceived control) were related to health care variables and predicted adjustment. First, global attributions predicted depressive symptoms and pain-related cognitions/responses after controlling for pain severity and interference. Second, chance beliefs moderated the relationship between pain-related cognitions/responses and internal attributions. Third, women with higher chance and lower physician pain beliefs reported lower social support. Study 3 investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and comfort of Canadian medical residents in Family Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) about vulvodynia. OBGYN residents later in their training reported greater knowledge and comfort with vulvodynia and its symptoms than their more junior counterparts; ratings did not significantly differ between specialties. Residents did report significantly more positive attitudes toward patients with ii vulvovaginal pain of identifiable pathology in comparison to patients with no physical findings. Comfort discussing sexuality in medical practice was a significant predictor of knowledge, attitudes, and comfort with vulvodynia after controlling for demographics/training variables. These findings offer a multidimensional perspective on the role of health care in biopsychosocial models of vulvovaginal pain, and have implications for the assessment and treatment of vulvodynia and Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder. / Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2014-04-24 16:39:05.723

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / Flexion distraction chiropractic technique (FDCT) is a commonly used manual therapy technique which is purported to address various clinical pain syndromes. However, it lacks the credibility of appropriate evidence-based guidelines. An analysis of the literature would be able to inform the development of guidelines. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the evidence to support the use of FDCT in clinical practice. Data sources: A systematic review of PubMed and Summons was conducted, using the following search terms: chiropractic, flexion distraction, protocol and / or technique. Study selection: All electronic or paper, English articles, which possessed the required key indexing terms and represented randomised and non-randomised controlled study designs were included. Data extraction: Blinded review of the articles was conducted by three independent reviewers utilising the PEDro (for randomised controlled trials) and NOS for (non-randomised controlled trials). This allowed the methodological rigour of the article to be ranked. This ranking was compared to a critical appraisal of the article in order to achieve an overall decision with regards to the contribution of the article to the level of evidence for FDCT. Data synthesis: 18 review outcomes were aggregated around four clinical categories; two articles each on neck pain, chronic pelvic pain, and physiological outcomes and the remaining twelve on low back pain. There was agreement that the evidence for pelvic pain and physiological function was limited to no evidence and limited respectively. Conflicting evidence existed for neck and low back pain (single and multimodal treatment) with limited and moderate evidence respectively. Conclusion: FDCT is clinically advocated for many conditions. The evidence provided in this review indicates that practitioners should be guarded in their use of FDCT, as the evidence to its widespread use is limited to only those conditions noted in this review. Therefore, further high quality and rigorous studies are required to develop appropriate treatment guidelines for use by practitioners to adequately provide evidence based care in clinical practice.

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı, 2006. / Bibliyografya var.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Objectives: Pelvic vein incompetence (PVI) has been suggested as a cause for chronic pelvic pain. The overall objective of this thesis is to determine how PVI affects women, identify suitable methods of diagnosis and provide evidence regarding its association with chronic pelvic pain. This thesis will also evaluate the evidence behind its treatment. Methods: Four observation studies were completed during this thesis. A characterisation study encompassing 120 participants was performed to determine symptoms commonly experienced by women with PVI. Two observation studies analysed the ability of trans-vaginal ultrasound to detect PVI and compared its accuracy with reflux venography; considered the reference standard. A further 70 participants were recruited in a case-control study to determine the prevalence of PVI in women with and without chronic pelvic pain. A randomised control trial treating women with PVI and pelvic pain was also designed. Results: Women with PVI had an increased frequency of CPP when compared with healthy controls or women with varicose veins. This pain was associated with the menstrual cycle and intercourse. It was also found to frequently radiate into the upper thighs. Trans-vaginal ultrasound was shown to have a sensitivity and positive predictive value of 100% and 95% respectively when compared with reflux venography. The frequency of PVI in women with chronic pelvic pain was found to be 47% compared with 25% in women with no history of CPP (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this thesis suggest PVI to be a possible cause of CPP in women and likely to be under-diagnosed. It can be identified by trans-vaginal ultrasound although the degree of accuracy is still yet to be determined. PVI merits further research and attention from clinicians and researchers. The proposed randomised control trial is needed both to further understanding of the role of PVI in CPP and to assess the efficacy of an under-researched treatment approach currently used in practice.

A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição de grande impacto na saúde da população feminina, em termos de qualidade de vida e uso de recursos em saúde. Dentre os diferentes tratamentos, encontramos terapias hormonais, cirurgia e uso de medicamentos neuromoduladores da dor. Sabe-se que a dor crônica provoca sensibilização nervosa periférica, com achados ao exame físico como linfotrofoedema e hiperalgesia. O bloqueio anestésico paraespinhoso é utilizado para o tratamento da sensibilização periférica em desordens de origem osteomuscular, com base no princípio da sensibilização do dermátomo e do miótomo. Poucos estudos, no entanto, tratam sobre o uso desse mesmo procedimento para o tratamento da dor do viscerótomo. No presente estudo, foram randomizadas 17 pacientes com dor pélvica crônica entre os tratamentos intervenção (bloqueio anestésico paraespinhoso) e placebo (punção subcutânea sem efeito analgésico). A dor foi mensurada através da escala análogo-verbal (EAV). A redução da dor imediatamente após o procedimento foi significativa nas pacientes do grupo intervenção (p=0,03), não havendo redução significativa no grupo controle. O efeito não se manteve em uma semana após o procedimento. Os resultados sugerem que o bloqueio paraespinhoso é eficaz no tratamento da dor pélvica crônica em curto prazo. / Objective: To evaluate whether paraspinous block reduces the verbal analog scale (VAS) pain scores in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) refractory to drug therapy. Design: Randomized, double-blind, superiority trial. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Participants: Thirty-eight community patients were selected. Patients' mean age was 51.16 years (intervention) and 51.84 years (control). Patients eligible for the study had a diagnosis of CPP of benign etiology and refractory to drug therapy. Twenty-six patients were randomized to the intervention and control groups. Twelve patients were excluded before randomization because they refused to participate, did not meet the inclusion criteria, or withdrew from the study. Interventions: Patients in the intervention group received paraspinous anesthetic block. After finding the painful segment, paraspinous block was injected along the spinous process and in the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, using a 25G X 2" needle and 1% lidocaine without epinephrine. Main outcome measure: The variation in the verbal analog scale (VAS) pain scores between T0 and T2. Results: A blinded examiner measured the degree of pain according to the VAS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Based on the VAS, the mean pain scores (standard deviation; 95%CI) of the intervention group at T0 (baseline), T1 (immediately after the procedure), and T2 (one week after the procedure) were 5.50 (2.92; 3.84-7.15), 2.72 (2.10; 1.53-3.90), and 4.36 (2.37; 1.89-6.82), respectively. The difference between T0 and T1 was statistically significant, with a p-value = 0.03 (Table 2). Conclusions: The present study assessed patients with CPP, excluding visceral pain of other etiologies. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of paraspinous anesthetic block in the treatment of visceral pain of other causes.

A endometriose é uma doença benigna que causa dor e infertilidade. As disfunções sexuais são frequentes, especialmente a dispareunia de profundidade, interferindo na qualidade de vida e particularmente na vida conjugal dessas pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a satisfação sexual de pacientes com endometriose infiltrativa profunda. Foram analisadas cinquenta e sete pacientes com diagnóstico de endometriose infiltrativa profunda acompanhadas no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) de julho de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. O grupo controle incluiu 38 pacientes saudáveis do ambulatório de planejamento familiar do HUPE. Foi aplicado o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), questionário validado para avaliação funcional da atividade sexual. Em relação ao resultados não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no escore total do FSFI entre os dois grupos. No domínio dor, as pacientes com endometriose apresentaram escores significativamente menores, ou seja, maior intensidade de dor, do que o grupo controle. O resultado deste estudo sugere que as pacientes com endometriose apresentam um comprometimento do domínio dor, sem prejuízo potencial da função sexual global. / Endometriosis is a benign condition that causes pain and infertility. Sexual dysfunction, particularly deep dyspareunia, is common in patients with endometriosis, and interferes with quality of life and sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study is to assess sexual satisfaction in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fifty-seven women diagnosed with deep infiltrating endometriosis were selected from the endometriosis sector of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) between July 2010 and December 2011. The control group was consisted of 38 healthy women selected at the HUPE family planning clinic. Full-scale and individual domain scores on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a validated questionnaire for functional assessment of sexual activity in women was used. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in overall (full-scale) FSFI scores. Patients with endometriosis scored significantly lower than controls in the Pain domain, which means, more pain than control group . These findings suggest that women with endometriosis had a more negative impact in the Pain domain of the FSFI, but with no effect on overall sexual function.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chambo_rc_me_botfm.pdf: 605131 bytes, checksum: 81f0a6d5dda1782f51f5b580a20f8761 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Síndrome da Dor Pélvica Crônica (SDPC) é uma nova categoria na classificação atual das prostatites. A causa da SDPC é desconhecida, a teoria mais aceita é o refluxo intraprostático. Não há estudo que comprove qual o melhor tratamento. A finasterida, uma das drogas utilizadas para o tratamento, é um antiandrogênio que bloqueia a enzima 5-alfa redutase, diminuindo o tamanho da próstata. A finasterida agiria na SDPC reduzindo o tecido glandular prostático, diminuindo a tensão intraprostática e conseqüentemente o refluxo intraprostático. Avaliar a efetividade e a segurança da finasterida no tratamento da SDPC. Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados foi realizada, sem restrições de língua, datas ou outras considerações. As fontes de informação utilizadas foram Medline, Registro de Ensaios Controlados da Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs e SciELO. Contato com autores de artigos, laboratórios que comercializam finasterida e revistas médicas em geral e específicas. Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico da SDPC tipo IIIA e/ou IIIB, participantes de estudos em que foi comparado o uso da finasterida com placebo ou outro tipo de tratamento. Os desfechos clínicos avaliados foram os questionários dos sintomas prostáticos, exames para avaliar a melhora bioquímica ou variável fisiológica e eventos adversos. A coleta de dados e análise foram realizadas por dois revisores que inspecionaram as referências encontradas independentemente pela estratégia de busca e aplicaram os critérios de inclusão nos estudos selecionados usando os critérios de qualidade metodológica descritos no Cochrane handbook. A escala de Jadad e Schutz também foram usadas. Os dados dos estudos elegíveis foram sumarizados em metanálise. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o... / Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is a new category in the current classification of prostatitis. The cause of CPPS is unknown; the most accepted theory is intraprostatic ductal reflux. The best treatment is not known. Finasteride, a specific type II 5a-reductase inhibitor, decreases the size of the prostate. A potential mechanism of action for finasteride is the reduction of the intraprostatic tension due to the glandular shrinkage, decreasing the intraprostatic ductal reflux. To assess the effectiveness and harms of finasteride in the treatment of CPPS. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed, with no restrictions on language, dates or other considerations. The information sources used were Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Lilacs and SciELO; contact authors of articles, laboratories that work with finasteride and general and specific medical magazines. It included participants with a diagnosis of CPPS type IIIA and/or IIIB taking part of studies comparing the use of finasteride to placebo or another type of treatment. The clinical outcomes evaluated were the questionnaires of prostatic symptoms, improvement in biochemical or physiologic variables and adverse events. The collecting data and analysis were performed by two reviewers that checked the found references independently by the search strategy, and applied the inclusion criteria in the selected studies using the criteria of methodological quality described on Cochrane Handbook. The Jadad and the Schutz scales were also used. After finding all eligible studies, the data were summarized in meta-analysis. The statistical analysis was undertaken using the MetaView statistical program within Review Manager software of the Cochrane Collaboration. Three studies with 181 patients were included. The length ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A endometriose é uma doença benigna que causa dor e infertilidade. As disfunções sexuais são frequentes, especialmente a dispareunia de profundidade, interferindo na qualidade de vida e particularmente na vida conjugal dessas pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a satisfação sexual de pacientes com endometriose infiltrativa profunda. Foram analisadas cinquenta e sete pacientes com diagnóstico de endometriose infiltrativa profunda acompanhadas no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) de julho de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. O grupo controle incluiu 38 pacientes saudáveis do ambulatório de planejamento familiar do HUPE. Foi aplicado o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), questionário validado para avaliação funcional da atividade sexual. Em relação ao resultados não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no escore total do FSFI entre os dois grupos. No domínio dor, as pacientes com endometriose apresentaram escores significativamente menores, ou seja, maior intensidade de dor, do que o grupo controle. O resultado deste estudo sugere que as pacientes com endometriose apresentam um comprometimento do domínio dor, sem prejuízo potencial da função sexual global. / Endometriosis is a benign condition that causes pain and infertility. Sexual dysfunction, particularly deep dyspareunia, is common in patients with endometriosis, and interferes with quality of life and sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study is to assess sexual satisfaction in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fifty-seven women diagnosed with deep infiltrating endometriosis were selected from the endometriosis sector of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) between July 2010 and December 2011. The control group was consisted of 38 healthy women selected at the HUPE family planning clinic. Full-scale and individual domain scores on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a validated questionnaire for functional assessment of sexual activity in women was used. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in overall (full-scale) FSFI scores. Patients with endometriosis scored significantly lower than controls in the Pain domain, which means, more pain than control group . These findings suggest that women with endometriosis had a more negative impact in the Pain domain of the FSFI, but with no effect on overall sexual function.

A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição de grande impacto na saúde da população feminina, em termos de qualidade de vida e uso de recursos em saúde. Dentre os diferentes tratamentos, encontramos terapias hormonais, cirurgia e uso de medicamentos neuromoduladores da dor. Sabe-se que a dor crônica provoca sensibilização nervosa periférica, com achados ao exame físico como linfotrofoedema e hiperalgesia. O bloqueio anestésico paraespinhoso é utilizado para o tratamento da sensibilização periférica em desordens de origem osteomuscular, com base no princípio da sensibilização do dermátomo e do miótomo. Poucos estudos, no entanto, tratam sobre o uso desse mesmo procedimento para o tratamento da dor do viscerótomo. No presente estudo, foram randomizadas 17 pacientes com dor pélvica crônica entre os tratamentos intervenção (bloqueio anestésico paraespinhoso) e placebo (punção subcutânea sem efeito analgésico). A dor foi mensurada através da escala análogo-verbal (EAV). A redução da dor imediatamente após o procedimento foi significativa nas pacientes do grupo intervenção (p=0,03), não havendo redução significativa no grupo controle. O efeito não se manteve em uma semana após o procedimento. Os resultados sugerem que o bloqueio paraespinhoso é eficaz no tratamento da dor pélvica crônica em curto prazo. / Objective: To evaluate whether paraspinous block reduces the verbal analog scale (VAS) pain scores in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) refractory to drug therapy. Design: Randomized, double-blind, superiority trial. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Participants: Thirty-eight community patients were selected. Patients' mean age was 51.16 years (intervention) and 51.84 years (control). Patients eligible for the study had a diagnosis of CPP of benign etiology and refractory to drug therapy. Twenty-six patients were randomized to the intervention and control groups. Twelve patients were excluded before randomization because they refused to participate, did not meet the inclusion criteria, or withdrew from the study. Interventions: Patients in the intervention group received paraspinous anesthetic block. After finding the painful segment, paraspinous block was injected along the spinous process and in the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, using a 25G X 2" needle and 1% lidocaine without epinephrine. Main outcome measure: The variation in the verbal analog scale (VAS) pain scores between T0 and T2. Results: A blinded examiner measured the degree of pain according to the VAS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Based on the VAS, the mean pain scores (standard deviation; 95%CI) of the intervention group at T0 (baseline), T1 (immediately after the procedure), and T2 (one week after the procedure) were 5.50 (2.92; 3.84-7.15), 2.72 (2.10; 1.53-3.90), and 4.36 (2.37; 1.89-6.82), respectively. The difference between T0 and T1 was statistically significant, with a p-value = 0.03 (Table 2). Conclusions: The present study assessed patients with CPP, excluding visceral pain of other etiologies. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of paraspinous anesthetic block in the treatment of visceral pain of other causes.