Hamstring injuries have a high prevalence in rugby union players. Delayed transverse abdominus activation as well as lordosis is associated with hamstring injuries. No literature regarding this relationship in rugby players could have been found. The main purpose of this study was therefore to determine the relationship between pelvic biomechanics (transverse abdominus activation and pelvis tilt) and gluteus maximus, hamstring and erector spinae activation patterns in semi–professional rugby union players as well as the relationship of the above mentioned variables and hamstring injuries. A total of 65 players voluntarily participated in this study. Pelvis tilt (left and right) was assessed by Dartfish version 4.06.0 (Dartfish, Switzerland). Transverse abdominus activation (TrA) was assessed by pressure biofeedback and the mean onset times of the left and right gluteus maximus (GM), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) and lumbar erector spinae (LES) was measured with electromyography (EMG). In order to determine the role of the pelvic biomechanics and activation patterns on hamstring injuries, players were retrospectively grouped in injured and uninjured groups. Differences between the groups were determined with regards to the variables determined. Activation patterns were determined by means of descriptive statistics. The between–group pelvic biomechanic (pelvic tilt and TrA) differences in the muscle (GM, LES and hamstrings) onset times were analysed by determining practical significance by means of effect sizes. An anterior pelvic tilt on the left side was observed in 64.6% of the participants and on the right side in 83.1% of the participants. TrA testing indicated that 68.4% of participants were classified with bad activation and 31.6% with good activation. No practical significant difference was found in the mean onset times of each muscle relative to the other in the normal and anterior tilted pelvis groups as well as in the bad and good TrA groups. A total of 24.6% of the rugby players previously suffered from hamstring injuries, 37.5% of those injured participants were suffering from re–injury. No practical significant between group differences were found when the injured and uninjured groups were compared with regards to anterior pelvis tilt values (d=0.061) and TrA values (d=0.189). EMG results on the right and left side of the injured and uninjured participants present a pattern of the following activation order: LES, GM, BF and lastly ST. No practical significant between groups differences were found in the onset times of the muscles relative to each other in the injured compared to uninjured groups. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that semi–professional rugby union players (injured and uninjured) are prone to postural defects such as anterior tilt of the pelvis and bad TrA. Anterior pelvic tilt and bad TrA may be the reason for the earlier activation of the LES and hamstrings muscles relative to the GM in the prone hip extension to stabilize the lumbar spine. These activation patterns were however not influenced by previous hamstring injuries. / Thesis (M.A. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Hamstring injuries have a high prevalence in rugby union players. Delayed transverse abdominus activation as well as lordosis is associated with hamstring injuries. No literature regarding this relationship in rugby players could have been found. The main purpose of this study was therefore to determine the relationship between pelvic biomechanics (transverse abdominus activation and pelvis tilt) and gluteus maximus, hamstring and erector spinae activation patterns in semi–professional rugby union players as well as the relationship of the above mentioned variables and hamstring injuries. A total of 65 players voluntarily participated in this study. Pelvis tilt (left and right) was assessed by Dartfish version 4.06.0 (Dartfish, Switzerland). Transverse abdominus activation (TrA) was assessed by pressure biofeedback and the mean onset times of the left and right gluteus maximus (GM), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) and lumbar erector spinae (LES) was measured with electromyography (EMG). In order to determine the role of the pelvic biomechanics and activation patterns on hamstring injuries, players were retrospectively grouped in injured and uninjured groups. Differences between the groups were determined with regards to the variables determined. Activation patterns were determined by means of descriptive statistics. The between–group pelvic biomechanic (pelvic tilt and TrA) differences in the muscle (GM, LES and hamstrings) onset times were analysed by determining practical significance by means of effect sizes. An anterior pelvic tilt on the left side was observed in 64.6% of the participants and on the right side in 83.1% of the participants. TrA testing indicated that 68.4% of participants were classified with bad activation and 31.6% with good activation. No practical significant difference was found in the mean onset times of each muscle relative to the other in the normal and anterior tilted pelvis groups as well as in the bad and good TrA groups. A total of 24.6% of the rugby players previously suffered from hamstring injuries, 37.5% of those injured participants were suffering from re–injury. No practical significant between group differences were found when the injured and uninjured groups were compared with regards to anterior pelvis tilt values (d=0.061) and TrA values (d=0.189). EMG results on the right and left side of the injured and uninjured participants present a pattern of the following activation order: LES, GM, BF and lastly ST. No practical significant between groups differences were found in the onset times of the muscles relative to each other in the injured compared to uninjured groups. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that semi–professional rugby union players (injured and uninjured) are prone to postural defects such as anterior tilt of the pelvis and bad TrA. Anterior pelvic tilt and bad TrA may be the reason for the earlier activation of the LES and hamstrings muscles relative to the GM in the prone hip extension to stabilize the lumbar spine. These activation patterns were however not influenced by previous hamstring injuries. / Thesis (M.A. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2008. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Title: 3D analysis of immediate effect on posture of shoe with postural insoles based on Rašev and with proceptor insoles PodoAktiv® Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate effect of shoe insoles with postural pelote by Rašev and shoe insoles with proceptors PodoAktiv® on the postural hold with main focus at the pelvis and shoulder. Methodology: In this thesis we examined 9 participants who agreed joining the study. To messure postural hold body segments which we have chosen, we have used the Balance® 4D device. The selected body segments were marked by white spheric stickers. To compare postural hold of selected body segments we examined the participants in altogether 4 situations. Barefoot stand, stand in shoes without insoles, stand in shoes with custom-made postural insoles based on Rašev and stand in shoes with custom-made insoles PodoAktiv® . Results: In this study we confirmed that postural insoles based on Rašev have immediate effect on the hold of pelvis and shoulders. The insoles PodoAktiv® don't show such an effect on the hold of those segments we have tested. The hypothesis H1 and H2 have been confirmed, hypothesis H3 and H4 have been rejected. There was not found any trend which would describe the immediate reaction of the participants (postural hold with main...

A penicilina G é um dos antibióticos mais importantes. Além de possuir um baixo preço e comprovada eficácia de tratamento, mostra inúmeras possibilidades para a redução da morbidade e mortalidade por doenças infecciosas em todo o mundo. Como eventualmente este medicamento causa sequelas no parênquima renal e estruturas associadas, e sendo que a secreção da rede tubular renal contribui para a excreção da penicilina G, onde cerca de 60% do antibiótico é eliminado pela urina, nos propomos a fazer um estudo das principais alterações que possam ocorrer na pelve renal de ratos normais e ratos induzidos à diabetes. Este projeto tem o propósito de descrever e analisar as fibras colágenas, musculares lisas e elásticas da pelve renal de ratos wistar observando alterações estruturais e ultraestruturais dos grupos experimentais quando comparados ao grupo controle com relação ao uso da penicilina G. Os ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos, ratos Wistar normais (N); ratos Wistar tratados com penicilina G (NP); ratos Wistar induzidos à diabetes (D); ratos Wistar diabéticos com penicilina G (DP). Os ratos dos grupos D e DP foram induzidos ao diabetes por aloxano. A região da pelve renal com representação das fibras foi coletada e reduzida em pequenos fragmentos. Os cortes obtidos foram utilizados para Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e corados pelos seguintes métodos para Microscopia Óptica: Hematoxilina Férrica para evidenciação de fibras elásticas; Resorcina fucsina para evidenciação de fibras elásticas e elaunínicas; Resorcina fucsina após oxidação com solução aquosa a 1% de oxona para evidenciação de fibras elásticas, elaunínicas e oxitalânicas; Azan para evidenciação do componente colágeno e muscular lisa; Picrosírius para observação do componente colágeno (especificamente tipo I e III); e Hematoxilina e Eosina, para evidenciação do componente celular. A análise microscópica e a histomorfometria mostraram que a Penicilina G altera os componentes fibrosos da pelve renal, fazendo com que as áreas de fibras musculares lisas e de colágeno tipo III fossem aumentadas e as fibras elásticas maduras diminuídas (neste caso, apenas entre N e NP). O Diabetes mellitus mostrou-se como uma doença metabólica também capaz de alterar a morfologia da pelve, fazendo com que a área de fibras musculares lisas aumentasse, a área de colágeno tipo I e a quantidade de fibras elásticas maduras e elaunínicas diminuísse e as oxitalânicas aumentassem, além de um notável aumento na quantidade de mitocôndrias. Podemos inferir que a antibioticoterapia feita pela penicilina G e o diabetes, provocam diferenças estruturais e ultraestruturais na pelve renal dos ratos Wistar, principalmente na organização dos componentes fibrosos elástico, muscular e colágeno. / Penicillin G is the most important antibiotics. Besides having a low cost and proven effectiveness of treatment, it shows great possibilities for reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. As this medicine may cause sequelae in the renal parenchyma and associated structures, and since the net renal tubular secretion contributes to the excretion of penicillin G, where about 60% of the antibiotic is eliminated in urine, this study aims to investigate the main structural and ultrastructural changes occurring in the kidney of normal and diabetes rats. Thus, this project aims to describe and analyze the collagen fibers, smooth muscle and elastic fibers of the renal pelvis of Wistar rats, comparing control and penicillin G-treated animals. The animals were divided into 4 groups, normal rats (N), Wistar rats treated with penicillin G (NP); rats induced diabetes (D), diabetic Wistar rats with penicillin G (DP). The diabetes was induced in groups D and DP by alloxan. The fibrotic region of the renal pelvis was collected and reduced into small fragments. The sections were used for the transmission electron microscopy and stained by the following methods for optic microscopic: Iron Hematoxylin for disclosure of elastic fibers; Resorcin fuchsin for disclosure of elastic and elauninic fibers; Resorcin fuchsin after oxidation with 1% aqueous solution of oxone for disclosure of elastic, elauninic and oxytalan fibers; Azan evidencing the collagen and smooth muscle components; Picrosirius for observation of the collagen component (specifically type I and III); and Hematoxylin and Eosin, to show the cellular component. Microscopic and histomorphometry analysis showed that penicillin G alters the fibrous components of the renal pelvis, increasing areas of smooth muscle fibers and collagen type III deposition and decreasing mature elastic fibers (in this case, only between N and NP). Diabetes mellitus proved to be a metabolic disease also able to alter the morphology of the pelvis, leading to the augmentation of smooth muscle fiber area. Moreover, the area of type I collagen and the amount of mature elastic and elauninic fibers were diminished, while oxytalan fibers increased, together with a remarkable increase in the number of mitochondria. We can infer that the antibiotic therapy made by penicillin G and the diabetes, cause structural and ultrastructural differences in the renal pelvis of rats, mainly in the organization of elastic fiber, muscular and collagen components.

This diploma thesis deals primarily with the existence of the asymmetry of the bony pelvis and the sexual dimorphism of the asymmetry of the pelvic canal, which is caused by different reproductive functions of each of the sexes. Furthermore, the correlation or linear dependence of the external pelvic and pelvic canal dimensions was investigated. The study uses 3D pelvic models created in Avizo 7.1 from CT images of the recent French population. The material consists of 74 probands, of which 36 are males and 38 are females. The models were digitalized using Viewbox 4 software, in which 29 landmarks were applied to each pelvic model. These correspond to 24 dimensions divided into three groups: the size of the non-canal pelvis, the dimensions of the pelvic canal and the dimensions for calculating the correlation between the non-canal pelvis and the pelvic canal. The degree of asymmetry was evaluated using the formulas for the calculation of directorial (DA) and absolute (AA) asymmetry. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of asymmetry to determine asymmetry in previous studies. Gender differences were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. At the same time, an analysis using the mixed model ANOVA was also performed, which in addition incorporates an intraobservation measurement...

Chronic pelvic pain is a condition which receives less attention in men than in women. It is often difficult to diagnose and more difficult to treat. The new classification of prostatitis and its variants has introduced the term ‘chronic pelvic pain syndrome’ which underlines the difficulties in dealing with this disorder which may represent a variety of chronically painful conditions with a large functional component. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The distribution of neurokinin receptors in rat kidney, renal artery, renal vein, and proximal ureter was evaluated by autoradiography after in vitro labeling of NK1 sites with [125I]Bolton-Hunter substance P (BHSP) or NK3 sites with [125I][MePhe7]neurokinin B ([MePhe7NKB). Film autoradiography using [125I][MePhe7]NKB revealed specific binding sites associated with the renal vein and its large branches, the renal pelvis, the inner strip of outer renal medulla, and the proximal ureter. High-resolution autoradiograms demonstrated that these sites were localized to the smooth muscle layer in the veins, pelvis, and ureter. Neither the renal arterial system nor the renal cortex contained specific [125I][MePhe7]NKB binding sites although a high level of nonspecific binding was associated with the renal artery. Specific binding of [125I]BHSP was associated with the renal artery and renal pelvis but not the renal veins. Arterial NK1 receptors appeared to be localized to the adventitia. The results indicate that at least two types of tachykinin receptor are present in the rat kidney. The distinct localization observed for most of the NK1 and NK3 receptors suggests that they have different functions.

Purpose To report contemporary epidemiological data and treatment trends for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Germany over a 14-year period. Methods We analyzed data from the nationwide German hospital billing database and the German cancer registry from 2006 to 2018/2019. The significance of changes over time was evaluated via regression analysis. Survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results There was a non-significant increase in the age-standardized incidence rate from 2.5/100,000 in 2006 to 2.9/100.000 in 2018. 13% of patients presented with lymph node metastasis and 7.6% of patients presented with distant metastasis at primary diagnosis. The 5-year overall survival was estimated at 45% and the 10-year overall survival at 32%. Endoscopic biopsies of the renal pelvis and ureter as well as ureteroscopies with excision/destruction of UTUC all increased significantly over the study period. The number of radical nephroureterectomies (RNU) for UTUC steadily increased from 1643 cases in 2006 to 2238 cases in 2019 (p < 0.005) with a shift from open surgery towards minimally invasive surgery. Complex reconstructive procedures like ileal ureter replacement or autotransplantation are rarely performed for urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. Conclusion Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for UTUC have increased and minimally invasive nephroureterectomy is the predominant approach concerning radical surgery in 2019.

La scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescence (SIA) est une déformation de la colonne vertébrale d’origine inconnue. Bien qu’elle soit encore aujourd’hui mesurée et classifiée en utilisant des radiographies bidimensionnelles (2D), il est largement rapporté dans la littérature qu’il s’agit d’une affection dans les trois plans de l’espace. Aussi, il semble que le bassin soit impliqué dans la déformation scoliotique, puisqu’il constitue l’assise de la colonne vertébrale et que son orientation influe sur l’équilibre postural. Ainsi, l'asymétrie du bassin et son attitude posturale pourraient être des mécanismes compensatoires de la scoliose idiopathique ou encore être les agents qui déclenchent la déformation du rachis. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer la relation entre la morphologie tridimensionnelle (3D) de la colonne vertébrale et du bassin et les déformations scoliotiques groupées selon la méthode de Lenke et de connaître les liens entre ces paramètres morphologiques et l’angle de Cobb. Pour ce faire, 80 filles atteintes de la SIA ont participé à l’étude. Plus précisément, 32 sujets étaient atteintes d’une scoliose thoracique, 23 d’une scoliose thoraco-lombaire et 25 d’une scoliose lombaire. Des radiographies simultanées des plans postéro-antérieur et latéral en position debout ont été prises au moyen du système EOS. Quinze repères anatomiques sur chacune des vertèbres entre T1 à L5 et vingt-et-un sur le bassin ont été identifiés sur les paires de radiographies. La reconstruction tridimensionnelle de la colonne vertébrale et du bassin a été faite à partir des repères anatomiques. Au total, cinq paramètres sur la colonne vertébrale et trois sur le bassin ont été calculés afin d’identifier la morphologie des déformations scoliotiques thoraciques, thoraco-lombaires et lombaires. L’algorithme de classification non-supervisée de la logique floue ou fuzzy c-means (FCM) a été utilisé pour classifier les sujets. Des classifications à deux et trois classes ont été faites avec les données normalisées et non-normalisées, c’est-à-dire en faisant ou en ne faisant pas abstraction au niveau de la courbure scoliotique. Des analyses de variances à un facteur (ANOVA) avec post-hoc ont été menées sur les classifications à deux groupes et deux classes, alors que des analyses multivariées (MANOVA) avec post-hoc ont été réalisées sur les classifications à trois groupes et trois classes non-normalisés et normalisés. L’angle de Cobb du segment thoracique principal est significativement différent pour les trois types de scolioses. Cependant, ces différences pourraient être associées aux segments analysés et à la sévérité de la courbure. Avec les données normalisées, les scolioses thoraciques L1 se regroupent ensemble pour la classification à deux classes et se divisent en deux pour la classification à trois classes. Les paramètres de la cyphose (p = 0,000), de la lordose (p = 0,000) et de l’orientation du plan de courbure maximale (PCM) (p = 0,000) sont ceux qui divisent ces sujets. Quant aux L5 et L6, peu importe la classification, ils se rassemblent généralement dans une même classe. Aussi, des corrélations de Pearson ont été réalisées en fonction de l’angle de Cobb, afin de déceler des liens entre les types de déformation et les paramètres morphologiques. Le bassin ne semble pas avoir d’impact sur l’issu des classifications, mais il est corrélé avec les déviations scoliotique des sujets lombaires. En effet, la version pelvienne (r = -0,433; p = 0,031) est en relation inverse, tandis que la pente sacrée est en relation directe (r = 0,419; p = 0,037). En résumé, les résultats de cette étude indiquent que l’apport de la morphologie 3D de la colonne vertébrale et du bassin aux déformations scoliotiques thoraciques (L1), thoraco-lombaires (L5) et lombaires (L6) apporte des informations cliniquement pertinentes. Nos résultats obtenus par logique floue concernant les sujets thoraciques appuient ceux de la littérature, à savoir que ces sujets ne sont pas tous hypocyphosés. De nouveaux paramètres, tels que la lordose et l’orientation du PCM, viennent renforcer l’idée qu’il existe des sous-groupes parmi les scoliotiques thoraciques. Finalement, bien que d’un point de vue visuel, les sujets thoraco-lombaires et lombaires soient différents, du côté de la morphologie tridimensionnelle, ces sujets sont inséparables. / Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a deviation of the spine of unknown origin. Although it is still classified and measured using two-dimensional X-ray, it is widely reported in the literature that scoliosis is a deviation in the three planes of space. Also, it seems that the pelvis is involved in the scoliosis deformity, as it is the foundation of the spine and its orientation influence on postural balance. Thus, the asymmetry of the pelvis and postural attitude could be compensatory mechanisms of idiopathic scoliosis or be agents that trigger this disease. The aim of this work is to determine the relationship between the three-dimensional morphology of the spine and pelvis of scoliosis grouped according to Lenke’s classification and to know the links between morphological parameters and the Cobb angle. Eighty girls with the SIA participated in this study. Specifically, 32 subjects were suffering from thoracic scoliosis, 23 thoracolumbar scoliosis and 25 lumbar scoliosis. Simultaneous radiographs of posterior-anterior and lateral planes in standing position were taken with the EOS system. Fifteen anatomical landmarks on each of the vertebrae between T1 and L5 on the spine and twenty-one on the pelvis, have been identified on the pairs of radiographs. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the spine and pelvis was made from the two radiographs and the anatomic landmarks. A total of five parameters on the spine and three on the pelvis were calculated to identify the morphology of thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar deformations. The unsupervised classification algorithm of fuzzy c-means (FCM) was used to classify subjects. Classifications with two and three classes were made with non-standardized and normalized data, i.e. by omitting the level of the scoliosis curve. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc was conducted on classifications with two groups and classes and multivariate analysis (MANOVA) with post-hoc were made on classifications with three groups and classes. The Cobb angle of the main thoracic segment was significantly different for the three types of scoliosis. However, these differences might be attributed to the analyzed segment and severity of the curve. With the normalized data, the thoracic scoliosis L1 subjects regroup in classification with two classes and divides into two classes in the classification with three classes. These classes are divided according to the kyphosis (p = 0.000), lordosis (p = 0.000) and the orientation of plane of maximum curvature (PMC) (p = 0.000) parameters. Regardless of classification, L5 and L6 usually gather in the same class. Also, Pearson correlations were made according to the Cobb angle, in order to detect the relationship between the types of deformation and morphological parameters. Finally, the pelvis had no impact on classifications, but it is correlated with the scoliotic deviation of the lumbar scoliosis. The pelvic tilt (r = -0.433; p = 0.031) is inversely correlated, while the sacral slope has a direct relationship (r = 0.419; p = 0.037). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the contribution of the 3D morphology of the spine and pelvis to the thoracic (L1), thoracolumbar (L5) and lumbar (L6) scoliosis provides clinically relevant information. Our results gained by fuzzy-c-means support those in the literature, according to which these subjects are not all hypokyphotic. New parameters such as lordosis and orientation of the PMC, reinforce the idea that there are subgroups within the thoracic scoliosis. Finally, although the thoracolumbar and lumbar subjects appear to differ from a visual standpoint, these subjects are inseparable according to the three-dimensional morphology parameters.