Detta arbete handlar om hur blivande sjöbefäls inställning till att arbeta under norskt avtal, IT-avtal och utländskt nettolöneavtal påverkades av hur resultatet av sjukersättning pensionsförmåner och föräldrapenning blir vid respektive avtal. Bakgrundsinformation samlades in från om de olika avtalen och därefter genomfördes intervjuer med blivande sjöbefäl som delgavs informationen och sedan fick svara på hur deras inställning påverkades. Utmärkande resultat är att den bästa ekonomiska förmånen påverkar inställningen mest positivt. Sjukersättning och pension påverkade inställningen mest eftersom det kan bli aktuellt när som helst (sjukersättning) och rör sig om stora belopp långt fram i tiden (pension). Föräldraförsäkringen påverkade inställningen mindre eftersom det är lättare att planera för och gäller en begränsad tid. Att vissa anser det vara en fördel att få bestämma själv över om och hur pensionsförsäkringen är uppbyggd medan vissa anser det vara en trygghet att staten sköter detta.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2003. / Thesis directed by Teresa Ghilarducci for the Department of Economics. "June 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139).

Nuförtiden har vi obegränsade valmöjligheter inom alla situationer i livet. Ständigt krävs det att vi gör aktiva val, såväl stora som små., vilka påverkar livet på olika sätt. Det kan handla om vilken bil man ska köpa, vilken mat man ska välja eller vilken Tv-kanal man ska titta på. Sedan introduktionen av ett nytt pensionssystem år 1999 ges möjligheten att göra ett aktivt val och på egen hand förvalta en del av den pensionsgrundande inkomsten – Premiepensionen! Till premiepensionen avsätts varje år 2,5 procent av bruttoarbetsinkomsten. Det finns flera alternativ för hur premiepensionen kan förvaltas. Antingen placeras på egen hand pengarna i egna valda fonder eller så anlitas ett rådgivningsföretag eller en bank att handha kapitalet. Om inget aktivt val förs hamnar premiepensionen i den statligt förvaltade fonden AP7 Såfa, Statens årskullsförvaltningsalternativ. Intresset för premiepensionen sjunker stadigt.  De senaste åren har så många som 98 procent av nyspararna låtit sin premiepension placeras i det statliga förvaltningsalternativet AP7 Såfa, Statens årskullsförvaltningsalternativ.  Således gjorde en stor majoritet inget aktivt val. Det kan jämföras med det fösta fondvalet år 2000 då så många som 67 procent fattade ett aktivt beslut. Cirka 44 procent av pensionsspararna som valde egen portfölj år 2000 hade kvar denna portfölj 2011. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka varför yrkesverksamma är aktiva respektive passiva i sitt premiepensionssparande. Vår frågeställning lyder: ” Hur påverkas aktiviteten kring premiepensionsvalet vad gäller faktorerna kön, ålder och utbildning?” För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte och för att kunna svara på frågeställningen valde vi att genomföra en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkät- Totalt utdelades 500 enkäter till yrkesverksamma i Stor-Stockholm. Enkäterna fördelades lika mellan kvinnor och män i fem olika åldersgrupper. Av vår enkätundersökning framkom tre intressanta resultat. Dessa var Få yngre individer fattar ett aktivt investeringsbeslut Många individer anser sig ha bristande kunskap eller tidsbrist Män är både mindre benägna att fatta ett aktivt investeringsbeslut och mindre positiva till premiepensionen än kvinnor.

In the master’s work I analyze and systematize pension system classifying methods of different Lithuanian and foreign authors, present pension provision models, disclose problems of single-stage pension systems (applied till 2004) and mark out the advantages of the system, based upon accumulation. I analyze in detail experience of the foreign countries in pension fund creation. I perform analysis of the readiness of the Lithuanian residents for funds accumulation in the 3rd stage pension funds. I confirm the scientific investigation hypothesis, formulated by myself, that the previous experience of participation in the financial market predetermines better the ability of the people to select the pension fund that meets the required interests best of all regarding the investment direction, taking into consideration age, income and gender of the pension fund participants.

Title - “The Analysis of The Second Level of Pension Funds and Inspection in Lithuania”. Main definitions: pension, pension system, pension fund, welfare country, principles of law, acts of law, supervisory institution. In the summary there are mentioned all stages of this paper in short, which were used to reach the main paper’s goal: the introduction of the pension system in Lithuania, the analysis of principles of law and acts of law, the presentation of activity of supervisory institutions and the main ways of law regulation reaching to improve the activity of the second level of pension funds. The reform of pension system started a couple years ago in Lithuania. This reform is not a short process, but a long term influence to citizens, their income, capital market and state. Lithuania has three level pension system right now: I level – pensions are financed by current income and taxes (“Sodra”), II level – pension saving funds, III level – voluntary pension saving funds. The law analysis of the second level of pension funds was started with the principles of law, then was worked on the European Union acts of law and finally finished with the acts of law published by Seimas of Lithuania, Government and supervisory institutions. The analysis of acts of law published by supervisory institutions showed, that the same facts have been interpreting differently in Lithuania. That’s why reaching the effectiveness of pension funds, they should be improved. Lithuanian Securities... [to full text]

The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Mainz, 1974. / Includes bibliographical references (p. vii-xiii).

Thesis (PhD (Public Affairs))-University of Pretoria, 2005. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

In order to assure a livelihood for the working population after retirement, the national retirement pension was developed. The system is based on 18.5% of each tax-paying worker’s annual salary. The national retirement pension system in Sweden consist of two parts. The first and largest part contributing with 16 percentage points, of the 18.5%, is a defined benefit plan, named the income pension. The second part contributing with 2.5 percentage points, of the 18.5%, is the premium pension, which is a defined contribution plan. The premium pension is the sole part of the national retirement pension controlled by the individual employee, with the opportunity to actively invest in a broad selection of domestic and international funds. Investors not making a choice will be transferred into the governments default fund, named the seventh AP fund. By investing in funds, the premium pension is partly based on each worker’s annual salary but also on the development of the financial market. This thesis has two purposes, the first is to investigate if the default alternative, the seventh AP fund has had a superior risk-adjusted return compared to fifty of the most commonly selected equity funds available in the premium pension selection. The second purpose is to construct portfolios for active investors with different risk-tolerance in order to compare the risk-adjusted return between an investor that has made an active investment in comparison to an investor that has not made an active choice. To conclude, this thesis shows that there are superior funds to select, with regard to risk-adjusted return and risk-exposure, as an alternative to the seventh AP fund. In addition to this, the portfolio construction included in this thesis has proven that active participants can achieve results that are more compatible with their risk preferences in comparison to remaining in the default fund option. However, it is important for investors to remain active and alter their fund selections throughout the years, in order to attain the preferable outcome.

This thesis deals with the supplementary pension insurance. The theoretical part of the work introduces basic principles of supplementary pension insurance such as the significant role in the pension system. The aim of the application part is to present the current state of pension. The largest share of the practical part will be devoted to the analysis of survey conducted by the author of the thesis. The target of questionnaire is to determine the preferences of policyholders and to find connections between different answers. Statistical methods will be used to process data.