Denna avhandling undersökte förhållandet mellan urbana attribut och upplevd livlighet och dess effekt på kvinnors upplevda säkerhet. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om naturlig övervakning [6] och vikten av att ha andra människor närvarande för att öka kvinnors säkerhet [17], utvärderades fysiska gatuattribut som förutspåddes öka miljöns livlighet. Totalt deltog 27 kvinnor i åldrarna 22-31 i utvärderingen av upplevd säkerhet vid 16 stads gatuhörn genom en två-alternativ tvångsvalsmetod i en virtuell miljö. Valen gjordes två gånger för varje hörn och gatorna visades i en manuellt randomiserad ordning. Resultaten visar en hierarki av attribut på gatunivå som påverkar den upplevda säkerheten mer än fasader med fönster på grund av deras större inverkan på livligheten, och fönster visar sig vara viktigare än grönska. Förutom att bekräfta tidigare forskning visar studien också att människor inte behöver vara närvarande för att en miljö ska uppfattas som levande, eftersom attribut som bilar, kaféer, busshållplatser och fönster fungerar som substitut för mänsklig aktivitet och närvaro. / This thesis explored urban street attributes relationship with perceived liveliness and its effect on women’s perceived safety. Drawing on theories of natural surveillance [6] and the importance of having other humans present for women’s increased safety [17], the study evaluated physical street attributes that predicted to increase the liveliness of an urban environment were evaluated. 27 females aged 22-31 participated in evaluating the perceived safety of 16 urban street corners using a two-alternative forced-choice method in a virtual reality environment. The choices were made twice for each corner, with the streets displayed in a manually randomized order. Findings reveal a hierarchy of street-level attributes affecting perceived safety more than windowed facades due to its greater impact on liveliness, and windows being more important than greenery. Along with confirming previous research, it is also found that people do not need to be present for an environment to be perceived as lively as attributes like cars, cafes, bus stops and windows serve as proxies for human activity and presence of others.

This study investigates how people's perceived sense of safety affects their use of and feeling of safety when they are in a park. The chosen location for the case study research is Karlstad City Garden. Currently, Karlstad City Garden is underutilized and was described as unsafe in a survey conducted by the municipality of Karlstad in 2018 (Karlstad kommun 2019). The purpose of this study is to examine visitors' perceived feelings of safety when they are in Karlstad City Garden. The study will focus on four factors; lighting, lack of people, maintenance, and visibility to provide what effect they have on people when they visit a public place. Previous research, including the municipality's safety survey, identified these four factors as significant contributors to visitors' feelings of safety. This study aims to gain a better understanding of why visitors perceive themselves as safe or unsafe in the park and how these four factors influence their perceived sense of safety. To investigate visitors' experiences of the park, a questionnaire was distributed through social media, and QR codes were distributed in the park to reach a diverse range of respondents. Additionally, observations were conducted as part of the study, primarily to complement the questionnaire and strengthen the findings. The study findings revealed that the time of day and the four factors mentioned above influenced visitors' perceived sense of safety in the park. During the day, more people were present, which made visitors feel safer. In the evening, the park was largely empty, and there were few visitors. The feelings of safety during this time could be attributed to the low population in the park, inadequate lighting in most areas, and reduced visibility during the evening. The poor visibility and lighting could be a result of insufficient maintenance, particularly in the densely vegetated southern part of the park. As a result, many people may have avoided visiting the park in the evening due to feeling unsafe.

Denna uppsats undersöker den upplevda tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation med utgångspunkt i besökarnas personliga upplevelser. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur besökare upplever tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation och att identifiera de faktorer som påverkar dessa upplevelser. Studien syftar till att besvara huvudfrågan: Hur upplever besökare tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation? Forskningsmetodiken innefattade en enkät som delades ut till besökare under en specificerad tidsperiod. Enkäten samlade in demografisk information, besöksmönster och subjektiva bedömningar av tryggheten i olika delar av stationen vid olika tider på dygnet. Resultaten visar att den generella upplevelsen av trygghet på Uppsala Centralstation är neutral, men det finns betydande variationer beroende på tid på dygnet och specifika områden. Centralpassagen, Frodeparken och parkeringsgaraget identifierades som områden där besökare känner sig minst trygga, främst med anledning av bristande belysning och närvaron av störande individer. Studien lyfter fram att de mest betydande faktorerna som påverkar den upplevda tryggheten inkluderar närvaron av störande personer, tillgängligheten av säkerhetspersonal och belysningsförhållandena. För att förbättra tryggheten föreslås åtgärder som att öka antalet patrullerande poliser eller väktare, förbättra belysningen och installera fler övervakningskameror. Uppsatsen konkluderar att även om objektiva säkerhetsåtgärder som förbättrad belysning och ökad säkerhetsnärvaro är viktiga, är det avgörande att adressera både fysiska och sociala faktorer för att förbättra den övergripande upplevelsen av trygghet på Uppsala Centralstation. Framtida forskning bör överväga att inkludera brottsstatistik och jämföra Uppsala Centralstation med andra liknande stationer för att identifiera gemensamma problem och effektiva lösningar. / This report examines the perceived safety at Uppsala Central Station, focusing on visitors’ personal experiences of the station area. The purpose of the study is to understand how visitors perceive safety at the station and to identify the factors influencing these perceptions. The study aims to answer the primary research question: how do visitors perceive safety at Uppsala Central Station? The research methodology involved a survey distributed to visitors during a specified period. The survey gathered demographic information, visiting patterns, and subjective assessments of safety across different areas of the station at various times of the day. The findings indicate that while the general perception of safety at Uppsala Central Station is neutral, there are significant temporal and spatial variations. The Central Passage, Frodeparken, and the parking garage were identified as areas where visitors feel most unsafe, primarily due to inadequate lighting and the presence of disruptive individuals. The study highlights that key factors influencing perceived safety include the presence of disruptive individuals, the availability of security personnel, and lighting conditions. Recommendations for enhancing safety include increasing the number of patrolling police officers or security guards, improving lighting, and installing additional surveillance cameras.  The report concludes that while objective safety measures such as improved lighting and increased security presence are essential, addressing both physical and social factors is crucial for enhancing the overall perception of safety at Uppsala Central Station. Future research should consider incorporating crime statistics and comparing Uppsala Central Station with other similar stations to identify common issues and effective solutions.