<p>Today, performance measurements have become a part of the dominant discourse across public, private, and voluntary sectors. Ontario’s child welfare system is one sector that has been influenced and impacted, with sometimes unintended consequences, by this institutionalized process of performance measurements. One of the measurements is Ontario’s Crown Ward Review (Audit) conducted by the Ministry of Children and Youth Services. Annually, ministry officials who make up the Crown Ward Review Unit (CWRU) audit fifty-three child welfare agencies in Ontario, which take care of approximately 5400 Crown Wards (Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 2011). According to the Ministry of Children and Youth Services (2011), the goal of the Crown Ward Review is “to determine that an adequate plan of care [has been] developed for each Crown Ward and is intended to stimulate improvement in the overall service delivery to children” (Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 2011). It appears to not only be about the welfare for Crown Wards, but also about organizational goals. In other words, measuring accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as to provide transparency of its services appears to be a priority. This research project examines how the performance measurements of the Crown Ward Review have impacted case management for Crown Ward workers and Crown Wards in care.</p> <p>A critical analysis of performance measurements reveals that, for the most part, they have created numerous unintended consequences for Crown Wards, workers, supervisors, managers, Children’s Aid Societies, and the child welfare system as a whole. Overall, the study supports that a more comprehensive, clear, and coherent review process needs to be established and implemented across Ontario’s child welfare system.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Considerando que a duração do combate de judô pode variar entre poucos segundos até um período superior a 5 min, a caracterização da demanda fisiológica do combate na sua duração regulamentar e fracionada, assim como a relação dessas respostas com o nível de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos atletas é relevante para o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de treinamento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a aptidão física, ações técnicas e respostas fisiológicas durante a luta de judô com diferentes durações. Para tanto, 12 atletas de judô foram submetidos a 10 sessões de avaliação. Nas duas primeiras sessões foram realizados quatro testes físicos para caracterização da aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos membros superiores e inferiores. Nas demais sessões, os atletas foram submetidos a 15 combates simulados de judô (3 condições x 5 durações - 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 min) com o mesmo oponente, em ordem aleatória e vendados quanto à duração do combate. Em uma das condições, os atletas simularam um combate real. Na segunda condição, os atletas lutaram usando um analisador de gases para mensurar o consumo de oxigênio, para a estimativa da contribuição dos sistemas de transferência de energia. Nessa condição foram impostas algumas adaptações de movimento. Para verificar se o uso do analisador de gases modificou as respostas obtidas, na terceira condição, os atletas lutaram com as mesmas adaptações, porém não usaram o equipamento. Em cada sessão foram conduzidos dois combates, intercalados por 60 min de recuperação. Foram quantificadas as respostas fisiológicas, perceptivas, de desempenho, de estrutura temporal e ações técnicas em todos combates. A comparação das variáveis dependentes foi realizada com uma análise de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas, seguida do post hoc de Bonferroni. As associações entre a aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia com as variáveis do combate foram verificadas por meio da correlação de Pearson. Para todas as comparações pareadas significantes foi calculado o tamanho do efeito (d de Cohen). Em todas as análises foi adotado 5% como nível de significância. Os principais resultados demonstraram aumento da contribuição aeróbia com concomitante redução da contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios com o transcorrer do combate, sendo a contribuição aeróbia superior à contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios a partir do primeiro min de combate. O sistema anaeróbio lático contribuiu com a menor proporção do custo energético do combate de judô. As taxas de incremento das respostas fisiológicas e perceptivas por min de combate foram reduzidas com o transcorrer do combate, sendo as principais modificações observadas no início do combate, sugerindo que os atletas podem apresentar estratégia para modular seus esforços. Com o transcorrer do combate observou-se manutenção do tempo médio de esforço e ações aplicadas, porém houve aumento do tempo médio dos períodos de pausa. Após a realização do combate observou-se declínio da resistência muscular dinâmica dos membros superiores, manutenção da força isométrica máxima de preensão manual e melhora da potência muscular dos membros inferiores. As variáveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia relacionaram-se com menor queda do desempenho, maior taxa de golpes de perna e maior tempo médio de combate. Assim, observou-se predominância do sistema aeróbio para suprir a energia necessária para a realização do combate de judô. Além disso, maiores níveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia estão associados positivamente com o desempenho durante a luta / Considering that judo combat can last from a few seconds to up to more than 5 minutes, characterization of the physiological demands of combat in different time frames, and the relationship of these responses to an athlete\'s level of aerobic and anaerobic fitness is relevant to improving training methods. Thus, the objective of the present study was to describe the physiological demands of judo combat. Twelve judo athletes performed 10 experimental sessions. In the first and second sessions, four physical tests to characterize the aerobic and anaerobic fitness of the upper and lower limbs were performed. In the other sessions, the athletes performed 15 judo combat (involving 3 conditions x 5 durations of time: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes) randomly determined, against the same opponent, on different days and blinded for time duration. In one condition, the athletes simulated actual combat. In the second condition, the athletes fought while using a gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption in order to estimate the contribution of the energy systems. In this condition some motion adjustments were imposed. To verify if the use of the gas analyzer modified the responses obtained, in the third condition the athletes fought with the same adjustments, but did not use the equipment. These combat periods were divided into 8 sessions with two different conditions, separated by an interval of 60 minutes. The physiological, perceptual, performance, time-motion, and technical action responses were quantified in all matches. The comparison of the dependent variables was performed with an analysis of mixed models for repeated measures, followed by a post hoc Bonferroni. The associations between aerobic and anaerobic fitness to combat variables were verified using Pearson\'s correlation. For all significant pairwise comparisons the effect size (d Cohen) was calculated. A 5% level of significance was adopted for all analyses. The main results showed an increase in aerobic contribution with a concomitant reduction of the anaerobic contribution in the course of combat, given that the aerobic contribution was greater than the anaerobic contribution from the first minute of combat. The lactic anaerobic system contributed to the smaller proportion of energy cost in judo combat. The increment in rate of the physiological and perceptual responses per minute of combat decreased throughout the course of the combat, with the highest changes occurring at the beginning of combat, which suggest that judo athletes seem to modulate their effort. In the course of combat, maintenance of the average time of effort and actions occurred, but there was an increase in the average time of pause. After the combat, a decline in the dynamic strength endurance of the upper limbs was observed, while maximal isometric handgrip strength was maintained, and improvement of muscle power in the lower limbs was noted. The aerobic and anaerobic fitness variables were associated with lower fall performance, higher rate of leg attacks and a higher average time of standing combat. Thus, a predominance of the aerobic system in supplying the energy needed for the realization of judo combat was observed. In addition, higher levels of aerobic and anaerobic fitness are positively associated with performance during the combat

L'impact des systèmes de mesure de performance sur l'enseignement supérieur et sur la gestion des carrières des universitaires est vraiment puissant. Cette thèse vise à fournir quelques éléments qui expliquent la transformation du ce secteur et les changements des aspirations des universitaires. Une attention particulière est portée sur les significations de la mesure de la performance au delà des classements et sur la manière selon laquelle les universitaires perçoivent leur environnement actuel. L'analyse du contenu des classements et des systèmes d'accréditation, l'observation des établissements d'enseignement supérieur et des entretiens avec des professeurs, des maîtres de conférences, des PRAG, des vacataires et des doctorants ont permis de constituer une base de données fiable pour la recherche actuelle.L'institutionnalisation des systèmes de mesure de performance joue un rôle important dans la transformation du monde universitaire. La prolifération des classements a privilégié en avant certaines activités exercées par les établissements d'enseignement supérieur, imposant la transformation des pratiques académiques, ainsi que le développement des inégalités d'image entre les différents cheminements des carrières universitaires. La pression normative a incité les institutions à s'aligner sur les exigences internationales, fait qui a conduit à des grandes transformations au niveau individuel, où les membres du corps professoral ont changées leur perception sur la carrière universitaire.Le sujet de cette thèse a émergé en observant les classements internationaux et les systèmes d'accréditation, ainsi que les actions des établissements d'enseignement supérieur et le comportement des universitaires. Mes résultats mettent en lumière la grande importance accordée par la communauté universitaire aux activités de recherche en soulignant quelques conséquences dues à la normalisation des activités académiques. En fait, l'utilisation inadéquate des indicateurs de performance conduit à plusieurs anomalies, comme par exemple l'affaiblissement de la carrière pédagogique. / Performance measurement systems impact the higher education field and influence the career management of academics. This dissertation aims to provide some elements in explaining how the academic world has changed and what academics aspire to do in the future. Particular attention is paid to the meaning of university ranking measurements and to the individual perception of the current academic environment. Content analysis of rankings and accreditation systems, observation of higher education institutions (HEIs) and semi-structured interviews with Tenured Professors, Assistant Professors, Lecturer, and PhD candidates were used as a reliable database for the current research.The institutionalization of performance measurement systems plays an important role in the transformation of the academic field. Used intensively in the marketization of HEIs, they lead to the development of a snowball effect. The proliferation of rankings has pushed forward certain activities performed by HEIs, forcing the transformation of academic practices and the development of image inequalities among different academic career paths. As normative pressure guided institutions to align to international demands, major transformations occurred at the individual level, where faculty members underwent significant change in their understanding of what an academic career meant.The question on how performance measurements impact the academic career management emerged as I observed international rankings and accreditation systems, as well as HEIs actions and academics behavior. My findings corroborate one of the management accounting key concepts, ‘you get what you measure', and bring to light the emphasis placed by the academic community on research activities. This dissertation emphasizes the drawbacks of using such measurements in search for standardization of academic activities. In particular, I highlight that the improper use of the current performance indicators lead to several anomalies, such as the obscuration of the pedagogical career, which has lost its status and is now often regarded as a limited and shameful career choice.

The field of humanitarian logistics and supply chain management is increasingly the subject of research. Even though there has been some research in the field in the past, the necessity for more research related to the measurement of the effectiveness of humanitarian supply chains is required. Humanitarian supply chain management deals not only with natural disasters but also with man-made disasters. Thus, different types of disasters create different challenges for humanitarian aid. Moreover, the different stages of the disasters require different courses of action. The lack of extended research in the field of humanitarian supply chain and logistics, the increase of the impact of disasters as well as the differences between the commercial and the humanitarian supply chains, make it clear that the sector should find ways to improve its efficiency. Tools and metrics can be used to measure and improve the efficiency of the supply chains. According to literature there are no sophisticated measures of effectiveness for humanitarian logi stics and supply chains. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the main challenges in humanitarian supply chains and what is the role of performance measurements in humanitarian operations. Moreover, the thesis aims to identify an appropriate model for measuring and thus, enhancing performance in the humanitarian supply chains. The research strategy chosen for this study is a holistic multiple case study. The empirical data is collected through interviews. For this research in total 3 organisations’ representatives and 2 volunteers were interviewed. The collected data have been analysed by combining theories and previous studies in the literature. The main findings from analysing the empirical data revealed that, depending on the disaster phase, humanitarian organisations face different challenges in their supply chains. By implementing appropriate performance measurements, the humanitarian organisations can limit the impact of the challenges in the supply chain operations, gain more relevant and precise information regarding the humanitarian operations, and enhance supply chain coordination among different stakeholders. As an outcome, by implementing appropriate performance measurement systems, the humanitarian organisations can overcome some of these challenges in their supply chains, and therefore enhance the overall supply chain performance.

No

Considerando que a duração do combate de judô pode variar entre poucos segundos até um período superior a 5 min, a caracterização da demanda fisiológica do combate na sua duração regulamentar e fracionada, assim como a relação dessas respostas com o nível de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos atletas é relevante para o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de treinamento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a aptidão física, ações técnicas e respostas fisiológicas durante a luta de judô com diferentes durações. Para tanto, 12 atletas de judô foram submetidos a 10 sessões de avaliação. Nas duas primeiras sessões foram realizados quatro testes físicos para caracterização da aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos membros superiores e inferiores. Nas demais sessões, os atletas foram submetidos a 15 combates simulados de judô (3 condições x 5 durações - 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 min) com o mesmo oponente, em ordem aleatória e vendados quanto à duração do combate. Em uma das condições, os atletas simularam um combate real. Na segunda condição, os atletas lutaram usando um analisador de gases para mensurar o consumo de oxigênio, para a estimativa da contribuição dos sistemas de transferência de energia. Nessa condição foram impostas algumas adaptações de movimento. Para verificar se o uso do analisador de gases modificou as respostas obtidas, na terceira condição, os atletas lutaram com as mesmas adaptações, porém não usaram o equipamento. Em cada sessão foram conduzidos dois combates, intercalados por 60 min de recuperação. Foram quantificadas as respostas fisiológicas, perceptivas, de desempenho, de estrutura temporal e ações técnicas em todos combates. A comparação das variáveis dependentes foi realizada com uma análise de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas, seguida do post hoc de Bonferroni. As associações entre a aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia com as variáveis do combate foram verificadas por meio da correlação de Pearson. Para todas as comparações pareadas significantes foi calculado o tamanho do efeito (d de Cohen). Em todas as análises foi adotado 5% como nível de significância. Os principais resultados demonstraram aumento da contribuição aeróbia com concomitante redução da contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios com o transcorrer do combate, sendo a contribuição aeróbia superior à contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios a partir do primeiro min de combate. O sistema anaeróbio lático contribuiu com a menor proporção do custo energético do combate de judô. As taxas de incremento das respostas fisiológicas e perceptivas por min de combate foram reduzidas com o transcorrer do combate, sendo as principais modificações observadas no início do combate, sugerindo que os atletas podem apresentar estratégia para modular seus esforços. Com o transcorrer do combate observou-se manutenção do tempo médio de esforço e ações aplicadas, porém houve aumento do tempo médio dos períodos de pausa. Após a realização do combate observou-se declínio da resistência muscular dinâmica dos membros superiores, manutenção da força isométrica máxima de preensão manual e melhora da potência muscular dos membros inferiores. As variáveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia relacionaram-se com menor queda do desempenho, maior taxa de golpes de perna e maior tempo médio de combate. Assim, observou-se predominância do sistema aeróbio para suprir a energia necessária para a realização do combate de judô. Além disso, maiores níveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia estão associados positivamente com o desempenho durante a luta / Considering that judo combat can last from a few seconds to up to more than 5 minutes, characterization of the physiological demands of combat in different time frames, and the relationship of these responses to an athlete\'s level of aerobic and anaerobic fitness is relevant to improving training methods. Thus, the objective of the present study was to describe the physiological demands of judo combat. Twelve judo athletes performed 10 experimental sessions. In the first and second sessions, four physical tests to characterize the aerobic and anaerobic fitness of the upper and lower limbs were performed. In the other sessions, the athletes performed 15 judo combat (involving 3 conditions x 5 durations of time: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes) randomly determined, against the same opponent, on different days and blinded for time duration. In one condition, the athletes simulated actual combat. In the second condition, the athletes fought while using a gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption in order to estimate the contribution of the energy systems. In this condition some motion adjustments were imposed. To verify if the use of the gas analyzer modified the responses obtained, in the third condition the athletes fought with the same adjustments, but did not use the equipment. These combat periods were divided into 8 sessions with two different conditions, separated by an interval of 60 minutes. The physiological, perceptual, performance, time-motion, and technical action responses were quantified in all matches. The comparison of the dependent variables was performed with an analysis of mixed models for repeated measures, followed by a post hoc Bonferroni. The associations between aerobic and anaerobic fitness to combat variables were verified using Pearson\'s correlation. For all significant pairwise comparisons the effect size (d Cohen) was calculated. A 5% level of significance was adopted for all analyses. The main results showed an increase in aerobic contribution with a concomitant reduction of the anaerobic contribution in the course of combat, given that the aerobic contribution was greater than the anaerobic contribution from the first minute of combat. The lactic anaerobic system contributed to the smaller proportion of energy cost in judo combat. The increment in rate of the physiological and perceptual responses per minute of combat decreased throughout the course of the combat, with the highest changes occurring at the beginning of combat, which suggest that judo athletes seem to modulate their effort. In the course of combat, maintenance of the average time of effort and actions occurred, but there was an increase in the average time of pause. After the combat, a decline in the dynamic strength endurance of the upper limbs was observed, while maximal isometric handgrip strength was maintained, and improvement of muscle power in the lower limbs was noted. The aerobic and anaerobic fitness variables were associated with lower fall performance, higher rate of leg attacks and a higher average time of standing combat. Thus, a predominance of the aerobic system in supplying the energy needed for the realization of judo combat was observed. In addition, higher levels of aerobic and anaerobic fitness are positively associated with performance during the combat

This master's thesis designs acceleration and deceleration measurement method by a test drive. It contains also measurement realisation, design of the computational model and acquired data analysis and evaluation.

Title: Key Performance Indicators - Refine, adjust or remove Level: Final assignment for bachelor's degree in business administration. Author: Isabelle Nilsson and Maria Bäckström  Supervisor: Niklas Bomark Date: Autumn - 20  Aim: The aim of this study is to seek understanding of how the change process of KPIs works and whether information asymmetry and conflicts of interest can arise in the interaction between managers and group leaders in process. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research design and an interpretive hermeneutic research methodology. The empirics are collected through semi-structured interviews with managers and group leaders in a fintech company. A total of 4 managers and 5 team leaders have contributed to the content of the empirics. Secondary data have been collected from previous scientific research. The analysis is structured according to themes that have been compiled based on our research questions as well as collected data from previous research and empirics. Result &amp; Contribution of the thesis: We have come to the conclusion that the process of changing KPIs goes through four different phases; 1. Problems are identified, 2. Measures are taken, 3. Delegation and 4. Evaluation. In connection with this, we have seen that conflicts of interest and/or information asymmetry can arise between managers and group leaders, which should be taken into account in the change process. The study has also found that conflicts of interest may in themselves cause a need to change KPIs. Suggestion for future research: - A longitudinal study could contribute to a deeper understanding of the changing process, by looking at the phenomenon for a longer time and doing repeated analyzes to detect any deviations or patterns. - The possibilities of the study could be broadened by not only measuring the end goal but also the ongoing process in sales, and for example look at factors such as customer satisfaction, returning customers or customer recommendations and references.

Quality and innovation are central elements in a successful business, where organizations are not solely looking to satisfy existing customers with high quality but to create novel solutions for future customers as well. As a result, addressing both concepts are vital for sustaining business longterm, which has led to a conflict regarding where companies should allocate their efforts. This study analyzed a global manufacturing company’s complaints management (CM) process, where quality and innovation were addressed with the study questions: How can the CM process be improved to reduce recurring complaints? and How can the CM process be improved to foster innovation?. To answer these, a qualitative approach was used in forms of unstructured and semi-structured interviews as well as quality management &amp; control tools. The variables analyzed were partly constructed from the extensive literature review and partly from the employees involved with the CM process. The results showcased negligence towards the CM process, where process description and governance as well as knowledge management were lacking. Practical implications of the study indicates that if the CM process receives more focus in regards to the mentioned factors, the quality and its ability to foster innovation as well innovation will be improved. Theoretical implications of the study indicates a misalignment between the perception of the CM process and the actions of the company. Employees found it essential to the company’s strategy whereas the process, despite this received attention. These implications are limited to large manufacturing companies and in order to generalize the results, further research is required.

Bakgrund: Hållbar utveckling är en högaktuell och väsentlig del för den gemensamma framtiden. I Sverige är den kommunala sektorn en av de främsta aktörerna för dess uppfyllelse. Genom appliceringen av Agenda 2030 inom prestationsstyrningen möjliggörs prioritering och utvärdering av de kommunala hållbarhets insatserna.  Syfte: Denna studie tolkar fyra kommuners redogörelse av Agenda 2030 genom att studera hur agendan genomsyrar kommunens vision och styrning. Vidare åskådliggörs kommunernas prestationsstyrning mot Agenda 2030 genom en analys av prestationsmått. Metod: Data insamlades genom dokumentanalyser och semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Slutsats: Agenda 2030 är implementerad efter kommunernas redan befintliga styrning. Tre av fyra kommuner visade en anpassning till agendan, istället för att begränsas till agendans ramar. En av fyra kommuner applicerade agendan generellt i sin vision och redogjorde inte för lokala utmaningar, därmed förblir Agenda 2030 ett värdegrundskoncept inom styrningen. Studien upptäckte vidare att två av fyra kommuner valt att utforma kommunala delmål som förankrats i agendan, vilket gav en djupare förståelse för dess implementering. Måtten varierade kommunerna emellan. En av kommunerna hänvisade till standardiserade mätvärden för agendan medan två andra utformade mätsystem baserat på egna mått hämtade från den gemensamma databasen. Det egna mätsystemet jämför ett antal liknande kommuners data, vilket är mer konkret än förhållningen till databasens stadardierade värden. Det upptäcktes även en brist på prestationsmått för två av agendans sjutton mål, vilket lett tre av fyra kommuner till att utelämna dessa mål eller som i det fjärde fallet utformat egna bedömningar. Kommunernas respondenter uttrycker en avsaknad av specifika prestationsmått i databasen samt svårigheten med mätning av grupper i samhället till följd av regleringar. / Background: Sustainability is essential for a common future. Local municipalities are one of the main actors in Sweden for its fulfilment. The application of Agenda 2030 in Performance Management enables the prioritisation and evaluation of municipal sustainability initiatives. Purpose: The study interprets four reports on Agenda 2030 regarding how the agenda characterises the municipalities' vision and management. Furthermore, the Performance Management towards the agenda is illustrated by an analysis of performance measurements. Method: Data were collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: Agenda 2030 is implemented according to the municipalities' already existing management. Three out of four, showed an adaptation, instead of a limitation to the agenda’s framework. One in four municipalities applied an overall vision to the agenda but did not apply it locally, hence the agenda remains as a value​​ based concept in their management. In addition, two out of four municipalities chose to create sub-goals which are anchored to the agenda and provide a deeper understanding of its implementation. The measurements varied between the municipalities. One of them referred to standardised measurement ​​for the agenda, while two others created measurement systems based on specific performance measures. This measurement system compares the data of similar municipalities, which is more tangible than the relation to the database's standardised measures. A lack of performance measurements was found for two of the agenda's seventeen goals, which led the municipalities to omit these goals or to create assessments. The municipalities' expressed a lack of specific performance measurements in the database and the difficulty of measuring groups in society as a result of regulations.