The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the performance of the company Westrock Packaging Systems Svitavy, s. r. o. using the Balanced Scorecard method. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the theoretical basis of the literature, which forms the basis for other parts. In the analytical part, the researched company is introduced and a strategic and financial analysis is prepared. Based on the obtained outputs from the performed analyzes, a proposal for the implementation of the BSC model is elaborated in the last part of the diploma thesis, which should lead to an increase in the company's performance.

The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the current financial and economic situation of the company. To evaluate the current financial situation has been used financial analysis, analysis of internal and external environment of the company. The thesis sets out proposals that make possible to improve the current financial and economic situation of the company. After reviewing the current financial situation has been suggested recommendations. One of the ways to improve the position of the completion of the merger of the company. To increase efficiency and reduce demands on working capital, it was recommended narrowing the range offered by trees and introduction of new technologies for bonding wood slats in the surface layer. This operation is important for society in terms of quality and productivity of the entire production process.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore green sourcing in supply chain management by the example of two large organisations. Design/methodology/approach – This study followed an iterative cycle of reviewing literature and empirics as well as conducting analysis and discussion. The literature gathered for this thesis was collected by reviewing ten academic journals as well as publications found through database search. Empirical data was collected from two case organisations, ABB Robotics and Vattenfall, through interviews, internal documents and public statements. The empirical data was analysed separately for each case organisation by use of an analytical model constructed from the literature findings. Thereafter, similarities and differences between the organisations were discussed as well as the thesis’ contributions to green sourcing literature. Findings – We found that although both ABB Robotics and Vattenfall incorporate environmental sustainability to some degree in their respective sourcing processes, their individual performance differed. The main difference between the organisations was found to be the visibility and managerial drive towards the realisation of environmental goals within the sourcing department. From our observations, it was found that Vattenfall to a large extent embraced their environmental goals and that these trickled down to the sourcing department. ABB Robotics on the other hand had numerous environmental goals on corporate level but these lacked visibility in the sourcing department. In comparison to our literature findings is was found that for environmental goals, Vattenfall was in more alignment with the suggestions by the scholars. For the other identified areas important for green sourcing, that being supplier assessment, supplier performance evaluation and supplier collaboration, both organisations were more aligned with our literature findings. Practical implications – In this thesis, four primary elements of green sourcing have been identified: environmental goals, supplier assessment, supplier performance evaluation, and supplier collaborations. Out of these, we found that the first element, environmental goals, is an enabler for the other elements of green sourcing to further evolve and is therefore essential for green sourcing. Originality/value – By looking beyond public statements and policies of environmental sustainability, this thesis has provided a unique insight in how two large organisations have implemented environmental sustainability in practice, from a sourcing perspective.

In the early 1990s, Robert Kaplan and David Norton introduced and developed a new performance measurement and management system called the balanced scorecard (BSC). Most studies have found that evaluators tend to ignore or are not willing to use nonfinancial measures. This study attempts to examine whether the explicit linkage between the evaluator's BSC and the subordinate's BSC makes the evaluators use nonfinancial measures in performance evaluation. This study used an experimental design where subjects were asked to evaluate two managers' performance under explicit linkage versus nonexplicit linkage conditions. The difference between performance evaluation scores of the two managers under the two linkage conditions captures the influence of explicit linkage between BSCs on performance evaluation. I used regression analyses to test my hypothesis. The results of the regression analyses support my hypothesis. This study attempts to explore one possible reason for evaluators' not using nonfinancial measures much in performance evaluation. It is the first one that studies the influence of the linkage between the BSCs on performance evaluation.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) has been adopted by a large number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), e.g. foursquare, Monster World, and Netflix, to provide various kinds of services. There has been some existing work in the current literature investigating the variation and unpredictability of cloud services. These work demonstrated interesting observations regarding cloud offerings. However, they failed to reveal the underlying essence of the various appearances for the cloud services. In this thesis, we looked into the underlying scheduling mechanisms, and hardware configurations, of Amazon EC2, and investigated their impact on the performance of virtual machine instances running atop. Specifically, several instances with the standard and high-CPU instance families are covered to shed light on the hardware upgrade and replacement of Amazon EC2. Then large instance from the standard family is selected to conduct focus analysis. To better understand the various behaviors of the instances, a local cluster environment is set up, which consists of two Intel Xeon servers, using different scheduling algorithms. Through a series of benchmark measurements, we observed the following findings: (1) Amazon utilizes highly diversified hardware to provision different instances. It results in significant performance variation, which can reach up to 30%. (2) Two different scheduling mechanisms were observed, one is similar to Simple Earliest Deadline Fist (SEDF) scheduler, whilst the other one analogies Credit scheduler in Xen hypervisor. These two scheduling mechanisms also arouse variations in performance. (3) By applying a simple "trial-and-failure" instance selection strategy, the cost saving is surprisingly significant. Given certain distribution of fast-instances and slow-instances, the achievable cost saving can reach 30%, which is attractive to SMEs which use Amazon EC2 platform. / Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) har antagits av ett stort antal små och medelstora företag (SMB), t.ex. foursquare, Monster World, och Netflix, för att ge olika typer av tjänster. Det finns en del tidigare arbeten i den aktuella litteraturen som undersöker variationen och oförutsägbarheten av molntjänster. Dessa arbetenhar visat intressanta iakttagelser om molnerbjudanden, men de har misslyckats med att avslöja den underliggande kärnan hos de olika utseendena för molntjänster. I denna avhandling tittade vi på de underliggande schemaläggningsmekanismerna och maskinvarukonfigurationer i Amazon EC2, och undersökte deras inverkan på resultatet för de virtuella maskiners instanser som körs ovanpå. Närmare bestämt är det flera fall med standard- och hög-CPU instanser som omfattas att belysa uppgradering av hårdvara och utbyte av Amazon EC2. Stora instanser från standardfamiljen är valda för att genomföra en fokusanalys. För att bättre förstå olika beteenden av de olika instanserna har lokala kluster miljöer inrättas, dessa klustermiljöer består av två Intel Xeonservrar och har inrättats med hjälp av olika schemaläggningsalgoritmer. Genom en serie benchmarkmätningar observerade vi följande slutsatser: (1) Amazon använder mycket diversifierad hårdvara för att tillhandahållandet olika instanser. Från de olika instans-sub-typernas perspektiv leder hårdvarumångfald till betydande prestationsvariation som kan nå upp till 30%. (2) Två olika schemaläggningsmekanismer observerades, en liknande Simple Earliest Deadline Fist(SEDF) schemaläggare, medan den andra mer liknar Credit-schemaläggaren i Xenhypervisor. Dessa två schemaläggningsmekanismer ger även upphov till variationer i prestanda. (3) Genom att tillämpa en enkel "trial-and-failure" strategi för val av instans, är kostnadsbesparande förvånansvärt stor. Med tanke på fördelning av snabba och långsamma instanser kan kostnadsbesparingen uppgå till 30%, vilket är attraktivt för små och medelstora företag som använder Amazon EC2 plattform.

GlobalEye is an aircraft by Saab that provides surveillance of air, sea, and land. In order to train on the system present in this aircraft a Mission Training System, MTS, is used. The MTS consists of the Command and Control, C2, system that is present in the aircraft as well as a scenario simulator. This master thesis is focused on evaluating the performance of the distributed real-time system that is the MTS in terms CPU and memory usage of its Java processes. These Java processes are divided across four servers and two types of workstations.  Two sorts of tests were conducted; workload model testing and user scenario testing. Both tests were conducted multiple times with different amount of workload. The workload was defined as a number of air and sea targets added to the scenario simulator. The data was collected by running bash scripts on each machine that saved the CPU and memory output from the Linux top command. Java VisualVM was used to examine a selection of processes further. In Java VisualVM the heap size, garbage collector pauses, and CPU time of the methods were the main focus of interest. The result from the workload model testing showed that a large majority of the processes handled an increased workload in terms of memory usage well. When it comes to the CPU usage four processes with significantly increasing CPU values were examined further in Java VisualVM. These processes were MMI processes and processes involved in data transfer. No problems were noted regarding the garbage collection and heap sizes. The longest pause, across all processes, caused by garbage collection was 29.7ms. The methods with highest amount of CPU self time were also identified for the processes. One observation was that a method related to map rendering, for the MMI processes, showed decreases in CPU time as the workload increased. The result from the user scenario testing showed that the MMI of the scenario simulator suffers delays dependant on the number of targets present in the scenario. The Java process of the MMI did increase its CPU usage significantly as the targets increased. In Java VisualVM it was observed that the garbage collector for the scenario simulator MMI process was more extensive during these tests, with the longest pause being 104ms. Lastly when it comes to the CPU self time of the methods within the MMI process, one error related method was identified.

Today hundreds of millions of users are interconnected by communication channels allowing them to communicate and to share information. These users and the devices that interconnect them are what constitute the Internet. The Internet is a network of networks with a myriad of computer devices, including smartphones, game consoles (handheld/stationary), IP televisions, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, palmtop computers, etc. This network of computers flourishes because of careful planning and maintenance by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), backbone network operators, and others. An additional factor that enables the Internet to operate is the four logical layers of abstraction in the TCP/IP protocol stack. One of these layers is the layer responsible for the transfer of datagrams/packets from one host to another. This layer is known as the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. However, as originally conceived a 32 bit address was thought to be more than enough. The space of IP addresses was distributed among different regions rather disproportionately, driven largely by the numbers of addresses that were requested (ordered in time). Today after a series of inventions in the field (such as the world wide web) and a rapid growth in the number of devices that wish to connect to the Internet the available unassigned address space has largely been depleted. Regions with large populations, but with few assigned blocks of IP addresses have begun to exhaust all their assigned addresses, while other regions face the same fate in a few months. The need for a larger address space was predicted years ago and the next generation addressing scheme was devised as part of the development of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Countries such as China and India had few IPv4 addresses and they have been forced to transition to IPv6 rather quickly. Today a significant number of the users in these countries are unable to communicate over IPv4 networks. The purpose of this thesis project is to discuss the transition to IPv6 and the transition to this new addressing scheme. IPv6 provides a much larger address space, along with a number of additional improvements in comparison to the previous version of IP (i.e., IPv4). Despite the advantages of adopting IPv6, the incentive to transition is low amongst well established businesses, especially those in regions that received a considerable number of IPv4 addresses initially. Instead different techniques have been employed in these places to mitigate the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. It is also probable that this reluctance is a way to keep competing businesses out of the market for a while longer. This thesis aims to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. / Miljontals användare är idag sammankopplade genom kommunikationskanaler som tillåter utbyte av information. Datornätet Internet utgörs av dessa användare och de enheter som sammanbinder dem. Internet är ett nätverk av nätverk med en myriad av olika datorutrustning såsom; spelkonsoler, smartphones, bärbara datorer, stationära datorer, handdatorer, även IPTV, kylskåp, tvättmaskiner, osv. Detta nätverk blomstrar på grund av noggrann planering och underhåll av internetleverantörer, nätoperatörer och andra. En ytterligare faktor som gör det möjligt för Internet att fungera är de fyra logiska skikt av abstaktion i TCP/IP-protokollstacken, en standard för datakommunikation. Ett av dessa skikt ansvarar för överföring av datapaket från en ändpunkt till en annan. Detta skikt är kallad Internet Protocol(IP) layer. Ursprungligen ansågs en 32-bitars adress vara mer än tillräcklig. Dessa IP-adresser delades ut till olika regioner rätt så oproportionerligt till stor del beroende på antalet adresser en region begärt. Idag efter en rad uppfinningar inom området(såsom webben/world wide web) och en snabb tillväxt i antal enheter som önskar ansluta sig till Internet är det tillgängliga adressutrymmet i stort sett slut. Regioner med stor befolkning men med få tilldelade block av IP-addresser har börjat göra slut på sina tilldelade adresser medan andra regioner står inför samma öde inom några månader. Behovet av ett större adressrymd sågs flera år sedan och nästa generations addresseringsschema utformades som en del av utveckligen, Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6). Länder som Kina och Indien hade ett fåtal IPv4-adresser och de har varit tvungna att övergå till IPv6 ganska snabbt. Idag kan inte ett stort antal användare i dessa länder kommunicera över IPv4-nätverk. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att diskutera övergången till IPv6 samt övergången till detta nya adresseringsschema. IPv6 ger en mycket större adressrymd samt en rad ytterligare förbättringar i jämförelse med den tidigare versionen av IP(dvs IPv4). Trots fördelarna med att övergå till IPv6 är viljan låg bland väletablerade företag, särskilt i regioner som mottagit ett stort antal IPv4-adresser från början. Dessa regioner tillämpar istället olika tekniker för att bromsa utmattningen av IPv4-adresser. Det är också troligt att denna motvija är ett sätt att hålla konkurrerande företag från marknaden ett tag till. Detta examensarbete syftar till att underlätta övergången från IPv4 till IPv6.

One problem that has been plaguing software development is the multitude of platforms that are available to users. Consequentially, a company needs to provide its service on multiple devices, running different operating systems, in order to reach as many end-users as possible. This leads to increased development complexity and costs. To solve this issue, multiple cross-platform solutions have been proposed throughout the years. One such solution is Progressive Web Application, a set of techniques that aim to create web applications with features that have traditionally only been available to native applications. In recent years WebAssembly, a compilation target that allows languages other than JavaScript to run on the browser, has been introduced. With its compact binary format and compiled nature, its goal is to bring speed and performance enhancement to web applications. This thesis analyzes WebAssembly in the context of building a Progressive Web Application, particularly the impacts it has on the performance and memory usage. A comparison is made with the JavaScript library ReactJS. The results indicate that a Progressive Web Application built with WebAssembly achieves similar performance results as one built using ReactJS when it comes to computers, but performs worse on mobile platforms. The results also indicate that using a programming language such as Rust, although still introducing memory overhead, minimizes the bundle size and runtime memory consumption of the application. / Ett problem som har plågat mjukvaruutveckling är mängdenplattformar som är tillgängliga för användare. Följaktligen måste ett företagtillhandahålla sin tjänst på flera enheter, som kör olika operativsystem,för att nå så många slutanvändare som möjligt. Detta leder till ökadutvecklingskomplexitet och kostnad. För att lösa detta problem har flera plattformsoberoendelösningar föreslagits genom åren. En sådan lösning är Progressiva Webapplikationer, en samling tekniker som syftar till att skapa webbapplikationer med funktioner som traditionellt bara varit tillgängliga förmobilapplikationer. Under de senaste åren har ett verktyg som ger andra språk än JavaScript möjligheten att köras i webbläsaren introducerats. Detta verktyg är WebAssembly. Med sitt kompakta format och kompilerade natur, har den som mål att förbättra prestanda för webbapplikationer. Detta arbete analyserar WebAssembly i samband med utvecklingen av en Progressiv Webapplikation, specifikt inverkan den har på prestanda och minnesanvändning. En jämförelse görs med JavaScriptbiblioteket ReactJS. Resultaten tyder på att en Progressiv Webapplikation byggd med WebAssembly uppnår liknanderesultat som en byggd med ReactJS när det kommer till datorer, men presterar sämre på mobila plattformar. Resultaten visar också att användningen av ett programmeringsspråk som Rust minimerar paketstorleken och minnesanvändningen av applikationer även om det fortfarande introducerar minneskostnader.

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À l'aire du Multimedia Mobile, l'essor des réseaux sans fil est fulgurant et la mobilité est devenue un sujet primordial exacerbé par l'augmentation significative du nombre d'usagers mobiles. Un nœud évoluant dans un réseau mobile de base se comporte de la même manière qu'un aveugle évoluant dans notre univers en en élaborant sa propre représentation à l'aide de son bâton, mécanisme dénommé dans la littérature : mobilité terminale. Pour réduire cet aveuglement, plusieurs méthodes ont été élaborées qui prennent appui sur les services de localisation ou les modèles de mobilité. Un modèle de mobilité est donc destiné à décrire en termes d'environnement, le mode de circulation des nœuds mobiles avec pour défi de trouver des modèles fidèles aux comportements des utilisateurs. Les modèles aléatoires sont biaisés car les appareils mobiles sont portés par des êtres sociaux. Cela nous a amené à inclure des éléments sociaux dans notre modélisation.Nous présentons les modèles de mobilité existants et les classifions. Nous définissons nos modèles, les implémentons et mesurons leur impact sur le test des réseaux. Enfin nous élargissons notre spectre en montrant comment le fait d'octroyer la perception de regroupement social à un protocole de routage réseau, peut en améliorer les performances. / In our area of Mobile Multimedia, the expansion of wireless networks is dazzling and mobility has become a major issue exacerbated by the significant increase in the number of mobile users.A node operating in a basic mobile network behaves the same way a blind person moving in our universe by developing its own representation with his stick, a mechanism known in the literature as terminal mobility. To reduce this blindness, several methods have been developed that are based on location services and mobility models.A mobility model is then intended to describe in terms of environment, the motion criteria of mobile nodes with the challenge to find models faithful to user behavior.Random models are biased because mobile devices are supported by social beings. This led us to include social elements in our models.We present the existing mobility models and classify them.We define our models, implement them and measure their impact on the network testing.Finally we expand our spectrum by showing that granting social grouping perception to a network routing protocol, can improve its performance.