Introdução e Objetivos: Falha óssea craniana após craniectomia descompressiva (CD) causa alterações neurológicas que podem estar associadas a modificações da anatomia cortical e hemodinâmica encefálica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar se essas alterações ocorrem e se estão associadas ao prognóstico neurológico. Métodos: Avaliamos prospectivamente doentes com falha craniana após CD pelo método de Tomografia com estudo de perfusão (TCP) e Doppler Transcraniano (DTC) antes e entre 15 e 30 dias após a cranioplastia. O exame neurológico sistematizado e avaliação de escalas prognósticas (mRs, MEEM, índice de Barthel) foi realizado antes e seis meses após a operação. Resultados: Nós avaliamos 30 doentes, 15 (50%) com CD relacionada a traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) e 15 (50%) devido a doença cerebrovascular (DCV). Observamos que houve melhora satisfatória de queixas neurológicas, além de melhora significativa da mRs (p=0,003), MEEM (p < 0,001) e índice de Barthel (p=0,002). Houve reestruturação significativa da superfície cortical, tanto anterior (p < 0,001) quanto posterior (p=0,045). A diferença cortical posterior mostrou correlação com melhora do MEEM (p=0,03; r=-0,4) e índice de Barthel (p=0,035; r=-0,39). As alterações da anatomia encefálica foram mais evidentes em doentes com antecedente de DCV do que TCE. A relação entre a radiodensidade da substância cinzenta (SC) e branca (SB) apresentou elevação (p=0,007), sem correlação com prognóstico. A TCP demonstrou redução da duração média de trânsito (DMT) de 8,23 ± 1,30 segundos(s) para 7,50 ± 1,21 s (p=0,02) e do volume sanguíneo cerebral de 2,29 ± 0,58 ml/100g para 2,00±0,59 ml/100g (p=0,037) apenas no lado operado. O fluxo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC) não demonstrou alterações significativas em nenhum dos lados. Observamos correlação moderada entre DMT (diferença entre lado operado e não operado) com força muscular contralateral (r=-0,4, p =0,034). Na divisão entre grupos, a redução da DMT ocorreu no TCE e DCV mas, foi significativa apenas no primeiro grupo. Houve aumento significativo da velocidade de fluxo na artéria cerebral média tanto homolateral de 49,89±14,79 para 62,32±14,29 (p < 0,001) quanto contralateral de 53,95 ± 11,65 para 58,84±14,17 (p < 0,002) no exame de DTC. Observamos correlação com prognóstico neurológico tanto homolateral (MEEM; p=0,033, r= 0,55) quanto contralateral (mRs; p=0,031, r= -0,48) além de evidência de aumento da velocidade de fluxo em doentes com TCE e DCV mas, significativa apenas em doentes com DVC. Conclusões: As alterações do DTC e DMT apresentam correlação com prognóstico neurológico, representam possível recuperação da hemodinâmica encefálica mas, com comportamento diferente entre doentes com TCE e DCV. Após a cranioplastia ocorre melhora neurológica que se correlaciona com as alterações da anatomia cortical / Introduction and Objectives: Cranial vault defects after decompressive craniectomy (DC) causes neurological disorders that may be associated with changes in brain anatomy and hemodynamics. Our objective was to evaluate whether these changes occur and if they were associated with neurological prognosis. Methods: We prospectively evaluated patients with bone defect after DC with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) before and between 15 and 30 days after cranioplasty . We performed neurological examination and prognostic scales (mRs, MMSE and Barthel index) before and after six months. Results: We studied 30 patients, 15 (50%) had DC related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 15 (50%) due to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We observed a satisfactory improvement of neurological complaints, as well as significant improvement in mRs (p= 0.003), MMSE (p < 0.001) and Barthel index (p=0.002). Significant anatomical expansion of both cerebral hemispheres, including anterior (p < 0.001), posterior (p=0.045), and cortical surface. The posterior measurements was correlated with improvement in the MMSE (p=0.03; r=-0.4) and Barthel index (p=0.035; r=-0.39). Brain anatomy changes were more evident in patients with history of CVD than TBI. Increase in radiodensity relationship between gray and white matter by CT scan (p=0.007) were observed without correlation with prognosis. TCP showed mean transit time (MTT) decrease from 8.23 ± 1.30 seconds (s) to 7.50 ± 1.21 s (p=0.02) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) from 2.29 ± 0.58 ml/100g to 2.00 ± 0.59 ml/100g (p=0.037) both in operated side. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) did not show significant changes in either side. We verified moderate correlation between MTT and contralateral muscle strength (r=-0.4; p=0.034). In the sub groups analysis, MTT decrease in TBI and CVD but was significant only in TBI patients. TCD showed a significant increase in middle cerebral artery flow velocity from 49.89±14.79 to 62.32±14.29 (p < 0.001) ipsilateral and from 53.95 ± 11.65 to 58.84 ± 14.17 (p < 0.002) contralateral to cranioplasty side. There was correlation between TCD changes and neurological prognosis ipsilateral (MMSE; p=0.033, r=0.55) and contralateral (MRS; p=0.031, r=-0.48) to operated side, besides flow velocity increased in TBI and CVD but was significant only in CVD patients. Conclusions: The TCD and MTT changes were correlated with neurological prognosis, represent recovery of brain hemodynamic condition but different behavior between TBI and CVD patients. After cranioplasty occurs neurological improvement that also correlates with anatomical changes in cortical surface

Introdução: O miocárdio não-compactado é uma doença genética rara de fisiopatologia desconhecida e controversa. Vários fatores têm sido implicados na fisiopatologia, como a disfunção da microcirculação, a perda da torção ventricular, distúrbios mitocondriais e mutações. A alteração do metabolismo cardíaco ocorre precocemente a disfunção diastólica e sistólica, reforçando a relevância desse estudo na análise combinada de tomografia de emissão de pósitron (PET) com 18F-Fluor-2-desoxiglicose e cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica com 99mTc-sestamibi pela tomografia por emissão de fóton simples (SPECT) e suas implicações clínicas. Métodos: Trinta pacientes com miocárdio não-compactado (41 ± 12 anos, 53% do sexo masculino), diagnosticados pelos critérios da ressonância magnética cardíaca, e 8 indivíduos saudáveis (42 ± 12 anos, 50% do sexo masculino) foram recrutados prospectivamente para serem submetidos a análise de perfusão miocárdica pelo SPECT e da captação miocárdica de glicose marcada pela PET. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram valores de captação de glicose miocárdica (CMG) menor que os controles (36.9 +- 8.8 vs. 44.6 +- 5.4 umol/min/100g, respectivamente, P = 0.02). Analisando a captação nos 17 segmentos de ambos os grupos, a CGM foi significativamente reduzida em 8 segmentos dos pacientes (P < 0,05). A diferença da média da captação miocárdica de glicose de todos os segmentos do grupo controle em relação a média dos segmentos compactados dos pacientes foi de 8,3 ?mol/min/100g (p < 0,001). Déficit de perfusão foi demonstrado em 15 (50%) dos pacientes, correspondendo a 45 segmentos do ventrículo esquerdo, destes 64,4% com padrão match e 35,6% com padrão mismatch pela análise de perfusão e metabolismo cardíaco. Nas análises univariada e multivariada foram observadas que o betabloqueador aumenta a CMG (coeficiente beta = 10.1, P = 0.008), como também ocorre um aumento gradual da CMG naqueles com doses mais elevadas (P para tendência linear = 0.01). Conclusão: A redução da captação miocárdica de glicose suporta a hipótese de que um mecanismo metabólico celular possa ter um papel na fisiopatologia do miocárdio não compactado. O betabloqueador demonstrou um efeito incremental dosedependente na captação miocárdica de glicose nos pacientes com miocárdio não-compactado, essa modulação do substrato cardíaco necessita de mais estudos para comprovação do benefício clínico nessa população / Background: Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare genetic disease with unknown and controversial pathophysiology. Several factors have been implicated such as microvascular dysfunction, loss of ventricular torsion, mitochondrial disorders, and genetic mutations. The change in cardiac metabolism occurs before the diastolic and systolic dysfunction, reinforcing the relevance of this study by the combined analysis of positron emission tomography with 18F-Fluor-2-deoxyglucose (PET) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and their clinical implications. Methods: Thirty patients (41 ± 12 years, 53% male) with NCC, diagnosed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance criteria, and 8 age-matched healthy controls (42 ± 12 years, 50% male) were prospectively recruited to undergo FDG-PET with measurement of the myocardial glucose uptake rate (MGU) and SPECT in order to investigate perfusion-metabolism patterns. Result: Patients with LVNC had lower global MGU compared with that in controls (36.9 +- 8.8 vs. 44.6 +- 5.4 +-mol/min/100g, respectively, P = 0.02). Of 17 LV segments, MGU levels were significantly reduced in 8, and also a reduction was observed when compacted segments from LVNC were compared with the segments from control subjects (P < 0,05). The difference in mean myocardial glucose uptake of all segments of the control group compared to the mean of the compact segments of the patients was 8.3 ?mol/min/100g (p < 0,001). Perfusion defects were also found in 15 (50%) patients (45 LV segments: 64.4% match, and 35.6% mismatch perfusionmetabolism pattern). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that betablocker therapy was associated with increased MGU (beta coefficient=10.1, P = 0.008). Moreover, a gradual increase occurred in MGU across the beta-blocker dose groups (P for trend = 0.01). Conclusions: The reduction of MGU documented by FDG-PET in LVNC supports the hypothesis that a cellular metabolic pathway may play a role in the pathophysiology of LVNC. Betablocker demonstrated an incremental dose-dependent effect on myocardial glucose uptake in patients with NCC. The beneficial effect of beta-blocker mediating myocardial metabolism in the clinical course of LVNC requires further investigation

A detecção de alterações da motilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) induzidas por um estresse farmacológico ou físico tem seu papel bem estabelecido na determinação não-invasiva de isquemia miocárdica. Entretanto, em sequência temporal, vários eventos secundários à isquemia ocorrem no miocárdio, sendo a heterogeneidade de perfusão um dos mais precoces a aparecer. Associação de parâmetros a serem analisados durante exames indutores de isquemia para diagnóstico de doença arterial coronária (DAC) tem sido amplamente estudada nos últimos anos. Ecocardiografia sob estresse pela dobutamina-atropina quando associada a contraste de microbolhas permite melhor visibilização dos segmentos do VE e análise da perfusão miocárdica. Ressonância magnética cardiovascular (RMC) é uma técnica que vem sendo amplamente utilizada na investigação de DAC tanto pela análise motilidade segmentar quanto pela análise da perfusão miocárdica, embora a combinação destes parâmetros tenha sido pouco estudada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar o valor incremental da análise de perfusão miocárdica sobre a análise da motilidade segmentar pela ecocardiografia com perfusão miocárdica em tempo real (EPMTR) e pela RMC e comparar, em um mesmo grupo de pacientes, a acurácia diagnóstica da EPMTR e RMC utilizando o mesmo protocolo sob estresse pela dobutamina-atropina, para detecção de DAC angiograficamente significativa. Estudamos 42 pacientes (média etária de 59 ± 7anos, 20 homens) com suspeita clinica de DAC e indicação de angiografia coronária. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de estresse pela dobutamina-atropina na EPMTR e na RMC com intervalo de três dias a três meses. Para a obtenção da perfusão foi utilizado o contraste ecocardiográfico perflutreno na EPMTR e o contraste paramagnético baseado em gadolínio na RMC. Análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica foram realizadas, tanto na EPMTR quanto na RMC, por análise visual utilizando modelo de 17 segmentos do Joint Commitee on American Heart Association. Todos os pacientes realizaram angiografia coronária invasiva no intervalo máximo de três meses da inclusão, foi considerade DAC significativa a presença de obstrução >50% do diâmetro luminal na análise angiográfica quantitativa. Dos 42 pacientes estudados, 25(60%) apresentaram DAC significativa, sendo 10 uniarteriais e 15 multiarteriais. A análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, pela EPMTR, apresentaram sensibilidade de 72% e 88% e acurácia de 80% e 88%, respectivamente para o diagnóstico de DAC. A análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, pela RMC, apresentaram sensibilidade de 80% e 92% e acurácia de 80% e 88%, respectivamente para o diagnóstico de DAC. O valor adicional da perfusão miocárdica sobre a motilidade segmentar para o diagnóstico de DAC foi avaliado em modelo que incluiu motilidade segmentar e associação da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, na EPMTR e RMC (2 de 16,16 versus 24,13,repectivamente e 2 de 12,73 versus 27,4; respectivamente), sendo p<0,05 para os dois modelos. Concluímos que a EPMTR e RMC sob o mesmo protocolo de estresse pela dobutaminaatropina apresentaram acurácia diagnóstica semelhantes para detecção de DAC angiograficamente significativa. A análise da perfusão miocárdica apresenta valor adicional para o diagnóstico de DAC à análise da motilidade segmentar tanto na EPMTR quanto na RMC. A. / The detection of left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities induced by pharmacological or physical stress has a well established role in the non-invasive determination of myocardial ischemia. However, following the temporal sequence of events in the ischemic cascate, perfusion heterogeneity is one of the earliest and may occur before wall motion abnormalities. In the last years, association between parameters has been demonstrated to improve the diagnoses of coronary artery disease (CAD) during cardiac stress tests. Microbubble-based contrast agent allows for better LV endocardial border delineation and analysis of myocardial perfusion during stress echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a technique that has been extensively used to investigate CAD, both for the analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion. However, the combination of these parameters has not been completely defined in the literature. The objectives of this study were: to determine the additional value of myocardial perfusion over wall motion analysis with real-time myocardial perfusion echocardiography (RTMPE) and CMRI and to compare, in the same group of patients, the diagnostic accuracy of RTMPE and CMRI using the same dobutamine-atropine stress protocol for detection of angiographically significant CAD. A total of 42 patients were studied (mean age of 59±7 years, 20 men) with clinical suspicion of CAD and indication of coronary angiography. All patients underwent dobutamine-atropine stress protocol during RTMPE and CMRI, with intervals of three days to three months apart. Perflutren contrast agent was used for perfusion analysis by RTMPE, and paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast was used by CMRI, both injected intravenously. Wall motion and myocardial perfusion were determined by visual analysis both in RTMPE and CMRI using the 17-segment model of the Joint Committee of the American Heart Association. All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography within three months of stress tests. Significant CAD was defined as more than 50% of luminal stenosis determined by quantitative coronary angiography. Of the 42 studied patients, 25 (60%) had significant CAD. Among them, 10 had single-vessel and 15 had multivessel CAD. Analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion by RTMPE presented sensitivity of 72% and 88% and diagnostic accuracy of 80% and 88%, respectively, for the detection of significant CAD. Analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion by CMRI presented sensitivity of 80% and 92% and diagnostic accuracy of 80% and 88%, respectively, for the detection of significant CAD. The additional value of myocardial perfusion over wall motion for the diagnosis of CAD was assessed in a model that included wall motion and the association of wall motion plus myocardial perfusion both during RTMPE (2 of 16.16 versus 24.13, respectively) and CMRI (2 of 12.73 versus 27.4, respectively) with p<0.05 in both models. In conclusion, RTMPE and CMRI using the same dobutamine-atropine stress protocol had comparable diagnostic accuracies for the detection of angiographically significant CAD. Myocardial perfusion had additional value over wall motion analysis for the diagnosis of CAD, both at RTMPE and CMRI.

<p>UVOD: Akutni ishemijski moždani udar (AIMU) je poremećaj moždane funkcije nastao usled vaskularnih o&scaron;tećenja, uzrokovane okluzijom ili embolijom krvnog suda. Za razliku od standardnog CT pregleda endokranijuma, CT perfuzija (CTP) je napredna dijagnostička procedura koja može u prvim satima od početka simptoma AIMU pružiti precizne informacije o lokalizaciji i veličini infarkta mozga, a u okviru infarkta, razlikovati srž i ishemijsku penumbru. Samim tim, CTP predstavlja svojevrsnu pomoć u selekciji pacijenata za intravensku primenu rekombinantnog tkivnog plazminogen aktivatora (rtPA). CILJ RADA: Cilj istraživanja je bio da se primenom CTP ispita koliko iznosi: optimalna veličina srži, zatim minimalni i optimalan odnos penumbre i srži infarkta pogodnih za primenu rtPA, maligni profil srži infarkta koji je nepogodan za primenu rtPA i % simptomatske hemoragije kao komplikacije nakon rtPA. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je obavljeno u Specijalnoj bolnici &bdquo;Sveti Sava&ldquo; u Beogradu kao petogodi&scaron;nja retrospektivna studija. Studija je obuhvatila ukupno 130 pacijenata sa AIMU kod kojih je primenjena CTP. Eksperimentalnu grupu je sačinjavalo 100 pacijenata kojima je aplikovana rtPA, a kontrolnu grupu 30 pacijenata, koji nisu primili rtPA. Svim ispitanicima su načinjeni: standardni CT pregled glave i CT perfuzija odmah nakon prijema i kontrolni standardni CT pregled endokranijuma 24 h nakon prijema u bolnicu. Pregledi su obavljeni sa 16-slajsnom MSCT aparatu, pri čemu je pokrivenost CTP iznosila 2 cm. &bdquo;Mismatch&ldquo; postoji ukoliko je perfuziona lezija na CBF mapi veća od perfuzionog deficita na CBV mapi (srţ infarkta). REZULTATI: Rezultati studije su pokazali da pacijenti oboleli od AIMU sa mismatchom manjim od 20% nisu imali koristi od primenjene rtPA, a pacijenti sa 20% i vi&scaron;e mismatch-om su imali ili umeren ili značajan neurolo&scaron;ki oporavak. Optimalni mismatch, kojim se postiže visoka uspe&scaron;nost nakon rtPA je iznosio ˃ 101% penumbre. Pacijenti sa povr&scaron;inom perfuzionog deficita na CBV mapi manjom od 1175 mm2 su imali bolji neurolo&scaron;ki oporavak, u odnosu na pacijente savećim lezijama, a samim tim su bili pogodni za primenu rtPA. Perfuzioni deficit na CBV mapi veći od 3000 mm2 (60ml) je predstavljao maligni profil infarkta, usled povećanog rizika od nastanka simptomatske hemoragije i smrtnog ishoda. Simptomatska hemoragija u eksperimentalnoj grupi je iznosila svega 3%, &scaron;to predstavlja nizak procenat komplikacija nakon reperfuzione terapije. ZAKLJUČAK: CT perfuzija je urgentna i brza tehnika, koja nam daje jedinstvene informacije o AIMU, pomaže u dono&scaron;enju odluke o terapijskom pristupu i može poslužiti kao surogat biomarker u predikciji kliničkog ishoda.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is functional brain disorder, which is happened due to vascular damaged, caused by vessel occlusion or embolism. Unlike to noncontrast brain CT, CT perfusion (CTP) is advanced diagnostic procedure, which could give accurate information about localization and extent of AIS in the first hours of symptom onset, and also differentiate infarct cor and ischemic penumbra. Thus, CTP helps in selection patients for administration intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) AIM: The aims of study were to estimate: the size of optimal infarct cor, minimal and optimal ratio between penumbra and infarct core which is suitable for rtPA, malignant profile of infarct core which is not suitable for rtPA and percentage of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage as compli-cation after rtPA using CTP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation was performed in Stroke hospital &bdquo;Sveti Sava&rdquo; in Belgrade as five years retrospective study. Study included 130 patients with AIS with performed CT perfusion. One hundred patients from experimental group were treated with rtPA and thirty patients from control group were not treated with rtPA. All patients underwent baseline noncontrast CT of brain, CT perfusion and control 24 hours follow-up noncontrast brain CT. Examinations were done on 16-slice MSCT and CTP covered an area of 20 mm of brain tissue. &bdquo;Mismatch &ldquo;was defined as a perfusion lesion (CBF lesion) larger than the core lesion (CBV). RESULTS: Results of study showed that the patients with AIS and mismatch less than 20%, had no benefit from rtPA, but patients with &ge; 20% of mismatch had good or excellent clinical outcome. Optimal mismatch, which provided favorable response after rtPA, was ˃101% of penumbra. Patients with cor perfusion lesion (CBV) less than 1175 mm2, are suitable for rtPAand had better clinical outcome, then the patients with larger lesions. Perfusion cor lesions (CBV) larger than 3000 mm2 (60ml) was malignantprofile, because of high risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality. Symptomatic hemorrhage in experimental group was only 3%, as a low percentage of complications after reperfusion therapy.<br />CONCLUSION: CTP is emergency and rapid technique, which provides unique information about AIS, helps with clinical decision making and could be surrogate biomarker in prediction of clinical outcome.</p>

Introdução e Objetivos: Falha óssea craniana após craniectomia descompressiva (CD) causa alterações neurológicas que podem estar associadas a modificações da anatomia cortical e hemodinâmica encefálica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar se essas alterações ocorrem e se estão associadas ao prognóstico neurológico. Métodos: Avaliamos prospectivamente doentes com falha craniana após CD pelo método de Tomografia com estudo de perfusão (TCP) e Doppler Transcraniano (DTC) antes e entre 15 e 30 dias após a cranioplastia. O exame neurológico sistematizado e avaliação de escalas prognósticas (mRs, MEEM, índice de Barthel) foi realizado antes e seis meses após a operação. Resultados: Nós avaliamos 30 doentes, 15 (50%) com CD relacionada a traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) e 15 (50%) devido a doença cerebrovascular (DCV). Observamos que houve melhora satisfatória de queixas neurológicas, além de melhora significativa da mRs (p=0,003), MEEM (p < 0,001) e índice de Barthel (p=0,002). Houve reestruturação significativa da superfície cortical, tanto anterior (p < 0,001) quanto posterior (p=0,045). A diferença cortical posterior mostrou correlação com melhora do MEEM (p=0,03; r=-0,4) e índice de Barthel (p=0,035; r=-0,39). As alterações da anatomia encefálica foram mais evidentes em doentes com antecedente de DCV do que TCE. A relação entre a radiodensidade da substância cinzenta (SC) e branca (SB) apresentou elevação (p=0,007), sem correlação com prognóstico. A TCP demonstrou redução da duração média de trânsito (DMT) de 8,23 ± 1,30 segundos(s) para 7,50 ± 1,21 s (p=0,02) e do volume sanguíneo cerebral de 2,29 ± 0,58 ml/100g para 2,00±0,59 ml/100g (p=0,037) apenas no lado operado. O fluxo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC) não demonstrou alterações significativas em nenhum dos lados. Observamos correlação moderada entre DMT (diferença entre lado operado e não operado) com força muscular contralateral (r=-0,4, p =0,034). Na divisão entre grupos, a redução da DMT ocorreu no TCE e DCV mas, foi significativa apenas no primeiro grupo. Houve aumento significativo da velocidade de fluxo na artéria cerebral média tanto homolateral de 49,89±14,79 para 62,32±14,29 (p < 0,001) quanto contralateral de 53,95 ± 11,65 para 58,84±14,17 (p < 0,002) no exame de DTC. Observamos correlação com prognóstico neurológico tanto homolateral (MEEM; p=0,033, r= 0,55) quanto contralateral (mRs; p=0,031, r= -0,48) além de evidência de aumento da velocidade de fluxo em doentes com TCE e DCV mas, significativa apenas em doentes com DVC. Conclusões: As alterações do DTC e DMT apresentam correlação com prognóstico neurológico, representam possível recuperação da hemodinâmica encefálica mas, com comportamento diferente entre doentes com TCE e DCV. Após a cranioplastia ocorre melhora neurológica que se correlaciona com as alterações da anatomia cortical / Introduction and Objectives: Cranial vault defects after decompressive craniectomy (DC) causes neurological disorders that may be associated with changes in brain anatomy and hemodynamics. Our objective was to evaluate whether these changes occur and if they were associated with neurological prognosis. Methods: We prospectively evaluated patients with bone defect after DC with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) before and between 15 and 30 days after cranioplasty . We performed neurological examination and prognostic scales (mRs, MMSE and Barthel index) before and after six months. Results: We studied 30 patients, 15 (50%) had DC related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 15 (50%) due to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We observed a satisfactory improvement of neurological complaints, as well as significant improvement in mRs (p= 0.003), MMSE (p < 0.001) and Barthel index (p=0.002). Significant anatomical expansion of both cerebral hemispheres, including anterior (p < 0.001), posterior (p=0.045), and cortical surface. The posterior measurements was correlated with improvement in the MMSE (p=0.03; r=-0.4) and Barthel index (p=0.035; r=-0.39). Brain anatomy changes were more evident in patients with history of CVD than TBI. Increase in radiodensity relationship between gray and white matter by CT scan (p=0.007) were observed without correlation with prognosis. TCP showed mean transit time (MTT) decrease from 8.23 ± 1.30 seconds (s) to 7.50 ± 1.21 s (p=0.02) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) from 2.29 ± 0.58 ml/100g to 2.00 ± 0.59 ml/100g (p=0.037) both in operated side. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) did not show significant changes in either side. We verified moderate correlation between MTT and contralateral muscle strength (r=-0.4; p=0.034). In the sub groups analysis, MTT decrease in TBI and CVD but was significant only in TBI patients. TCD showed a significant increase in middle cerebral artery flow velocity from 49.89±14.79 to 62.32±14.29 (p < 0.001) ipsilateral and from 53.95 ± 11.65 to 58.84 ± 14.17 (p < 0.002) contralateral to cranioplasty side. There was correlation between TCD changes and neurological prognosis ipsilateral (MMSE; p=0.033, r=0.55) and contralateral (MRS; p=0.031, r=-0.48) to operated side, besides flow velocity increased in TBI and CVD but was significant only in CVD patients. Conclusions: The TCD and MTT changes were correlated with neurological prognosis, represent recovery of brain hemodynamic condition but different behavior between TBI and CVD patients. After cranioplasty occurs neurological improvement that also correlates with anatomical changes in cortical surface

A better understanding of tumour heterogeneity is central for accurate diagnosis, targeted therapy and personalised treatment of glioblastoma patients. This thesis aims to investigate whether pre-operative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a useful tool for evaluating inter-tumoural and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of glioblastoma. For this purpose, we explored: 1) the utilities of habitat imaging in combining multi-parametric MRI for identifying invasive sub-regions (I & II); 2) the significance of integrating multi-parametric MRI, and extracting modality inter-dependence for patient stratification (III & IV); 3) the value of advanced physiological MRI and radiomics approach in predicting epigenetic phenotypes (V). The following observations were made: I. Using a joint histogram analysis method, habitats with different diffusivity patterns were identified. A non-enhancing sub-region with decreased isotropic diffusion and increased anisotropic diffusion was associated with progression-free survival (PFS, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, HR = 1.36, P < 0.001) in multivariate models. II. Using a thresholding method, two low perfusion compartments were identified, which displayed hypoxic and pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Higher lactate in the low perfusion compartment with restricted diffusion was associated with a worse survival (PFS: HR = 2.995, P = 0.047; OS: HR = 4.974, P = 0.005). III. Using an unsupervised multi-view feature selection and late integration method, two patient subgroups were identified, which demonstrated distinct OS (P = 0.007) and PFS (P < 0.001). Features selected by this approach showed significantly incremental prognostic value for 12-month OS (P = 0.049) and PFS (P = 0.022) than clinical factors. IV. Using a method of unsupervised clustering via copula transform and discrete feature extraction, three patient subgroups were identified. The subtype demonstrating high inter-dependency of diffusion and perfusion displayed higher lactate than the other two subtypes (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044, respectively). Both subtypes of low and high inter-dependency showed worse PFS compared to the intermediate subtype (P = 0.046 and P = 0.009, respectively). V. Using a radiomics approach, advanced physiological images showed better performance than structural images for predicting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status. For predicting 12-month PFS, the model of radiomic features and clinical factors outperformed the model of MGMT methylation and clinical factors (P = 0.010). In summary, pre-operative multi-parametric MRI shows potential for the non-invasive evaluation of glioblastoma heterogeneity, which could provide crucial information for patient care.

Η διερεύνηση της διαγνωστικής και προγνωστικής αξία της διόρθωσης φωτονιακής εξασθένησης με χάρτες μέσω CT χαμηλής δόσης και ευκρίνειας στη στεφανιαία νόσο. ΠΕΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΣΚΕΛΟΣ Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Σε ομοίωμα Data Spectrum πραγματοποιήθηκαν SPECT/CT απεικονίσεις με 201Tl & 99mTc αφενός χωρίς ελλείμματα στο καρδιακό ένθεμα όπου μετρήθηκε ομοιογένεια εικόνας και κρούσεις και αφετέρου με την τοποθέτηση ελλειμμάτων, «διατοιχωματικών» & «υπενδοκαρδίων» όπου υπολογίστηκαν το μέγεθος (FWHM) και η αντίθεση του ελλείμματος. Κατόπιν οι AC & NAC απεικονίσεις συνεκρίθησαν κατά ζεύγη ως προς τις προαναφερθείσες παραμέτρους. Αποτελέσματα: Στις μετρήσεις χωρίς έλλειμμα ευνοήθηκε η μέθοδος με διόρθωση (AC) αυξάνοντας την ομοιογένεια της φυσιολογικής εικόνας και εξομαλύνοντας το λόγο κρούσεων κατωτέρου/προσθίου τοιχώματος. Στις απεικονίσεις με έλλειμμα η AC μέθοδος εμφάνισε καλύτερο FWHM ενώ η τεχνική χωρίς διόρθωση εξασθένησης (NAC) αποδείχθηκε ανώτερη ως προς την αντίθεση του ελλείμματος. ΔΙΑΓΝΩΣΤΙΚΟ ΣΚΕΛΟΣ Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Διερευνήθηκαν αναδρομικώς 120 εξεταζόμενοι χαμηλού pre-test κινδύνου ΣΝ με αρνητικούς κλινικούς δείκτες και 120 πρώϊμα στεφανιογραφηθέντες (<60 ημέρες μετά MPI με 201Tl + CT-AC). Οι AC & NAC εικόνες εκτιμήθηκαν τυφλά τόσο ποιοτικά όσο και ημιποσοτικά (Summed Stress Score - SSS, Summed Difference Score - SDS). Κατόπιν, υπολογίστηκε το normalcy στον πληθυσμό χαμηλού κινδύνου ενώ στους στεφανιογραφηθέντες με gold standard τα αγγειογραφικά δεδομένα υπολογίστηκαν ευαισθησίες, ειδικότητες και διαγνωστικές ακρίβειες στο γενικό πληθυσμό και κατά φύλο στην επικράτεια του LAD και του συνδυασμού RCA/LCx οι οποίες συνεκρίθησαν με τη McNemar δοκιμασία. Τέλος, σχεδιάστηκαν ROC καμπύλες και έγινε σύγκριση μεταξύ τους κατά ζεύγη. Αποτελέσματα: Στον πληθυσμό χαμηλού κινδύνου η AC τεχνική υπερίσχυσε στο normalcy, ενώ στους στεφανιογραφηθέντες στατιστική σημαντικότητα παρατηρήθηκε στην περιοχή κατανομής της RCA/LCx στο γενικό πληθυσμό και στους άνδρες, όπου η NAC μέθοδος ήταν πιο ευαίσθητη και η AC πιο ειδική, χωρίς να προκύψουν στατιστικώς σημαντικά αποτελέσματα κατά τις συγκρίσεις ως προς τη διαγνωστική ακρίβεια και στις κατά ζεύγη συγκρίσεις των AUC στις ROC καμπύλες. ΠΡΟΓΝΩΣΤΙΚΟ ΣΚΕΛΟΣ Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Πρόκειται για προοπτική μελέτη με 637 συμμετέχοντες στους οποίους πραγματοποιήθηκε SPECT/CT απεικόνιση ρουτίνας και εκτιμήθηκαν ημιποσοτικά οι AC & NAC εικόνες (SSS – τυφλή ανάλυση). Μετά από κλινική παρακολούθηση κατεγράφησαν οι θάνατοι (πρωτεύον καταληκτικό σημείο), καθώς και οι συνδυασμοί θανάτων/ΟΕΜ και θανάτων/ΟΕΜ/οψίμων επαναγγειώσεων (δευτερεύοντα καταληκτικά σημεία). Κατόπιν, ορίστηκαν διαχωριστικές SSS τιμές του πληθυσμού βάσει της συχνότητας συμβαμάτων, και σχεδιάστηκαν Kaplan-Meier καμπύλες επιβίωσης στο γενικό πληθυσμό και στις SSS υποομάδες (AC & NAC) οι οποίες συνεκρίθησαν μεταξύ τους με την LogRank μέθοδο. Τέλος, οι κλινικές και απεικονιστικές παράμετροι αξιολογήθηκαν με την Cox μέθοδο, τόσο στο μονοπαραγοντικό (univariate) μοντέλο όσο και στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης (multivariate regression analysis). Αποτελέσματα: Κατά τη διάρκεια της κλινικής παρακολούθησης (ѱSD = 42.3±12.8 μήνες) σημειώθηκαν 24 θάνατοι (7 καρδιογενείς), 13 ΟΕΜ και 28 επαναγγειώσεις. Από την κατηγοριοποίηση του πληθυσμού προέκυψαν τρεις SSS υποομάδες για κάθε μέθοδο: 0-4, 5-13 και >13 (NAC) και 0-2, 3-9 και >9 (AC). Στην Kaplan-Meier ανάλυση η NAC παρήγαγε στατιστικώς σημαντικά αποτελέσματα μεταξύ των ομάδων 5-13 και >13 ως προς θανάτους και μεταξύ όλων των SSS υποπληθυσμών για αμφότερα τα δευτερεύοντα καταληκτικά σημεία, ενώ η AC κατάφερε να διαχωρίσει μεταξύ 0-2 & >9 ως προς θανάτους/ΟΕΜ και 0-2 & 3-9 ως προς συνολικά συμβάματα. Στο μονοπαραγοντικό Cox μοντέλο η NAC απεικόνιση κατάφερε στατιστική σημαντικότητα τόσο για SSS>4 όσο και >13 ως προς όλα τα καταληκτικά σημεία με την AC να παρουσιάζει ανάλογα αποτελέσματα για SSS>2 ως προς μείζονα και συνολικά συμβάματα και για SSS>9 ως προς το σύνολο των συμβαμάτων. Τέλος, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης, η NAC αποδείχθηκε ανεξάρτητη προβλεπτική παράμετρος για θανάτους/ΟΕΜ και σύνολο συμβαμάτων, ενώ στην AC δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικώς σημαντικά αποτελέσματα. Συμπέρασμα: Η διόρθωση φωτονιακής εξασθένησης μέσω χαρτών εξασθένησης με CT δεν φαίνεται να προσαυξάνει τη διαγνωστική ακρίβεια ή την προγνωστική ισχύ του SPECT αιματώσεως μυοκαρδίου και η ανεπίλεκτη χρησιμοποίησή της στην κλινική πράξη μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε υποεκτίμηση της στεφανιαίας νόσου και του κινδύνου καρδιακών συμβαμάτων που αυτή συνεπάγεται. / To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of photon attenuation correction through maps derived from low-dose/low-resolution CT in coronary artery disease. EXPERIMENTAL PART Materials and Methods: SPECT/CT 201Tl and 99mTc imaging was performed on a Data Spectrum torso phantom, firstly without “myocardial” defects (assessment of overall and regional image uniformity and counts) and afterwards with the insertion of “subendocardial” and “transmural” defects (measurement of defect FWHM and contrast); subsequently, attenuation corrected (AC) & non-corrected (NAC) images were compared pairwise as regards the aforementioned parameters. Results: AC was favoured in the measurements without defects by increasing image uniformity and optimizing inferior-to-anterior wall count ratio. When defects were imaged, AC was superior at the assessment of FWHM whereas NAC achieved better defect contrast. DIAGNOSTIC PART Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty patients with negative clinical markers for CAD as well as 120 patients (90 males, 30 females) who were subjected to coronary angiography within 60 days post-MPI (201Tl SPECT/CT) were retrospectively reviewed. AC & NAC images were evaluated blindly both qualitatively and semi-quantitavely (Overall Summed Stress Score – SSS & Summed Difference Score – SDS as well as corresponding scores for LAD and RCA/LCx vascular domains). In the low-risk population, AC & NAC normalcy rate was assessed and in the population with angiographic reference sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were calculated for both AC & NAC MPI which were compared with the McNemar test. Finally, ROC curves were created and the AUC were compared. Results: In the low-risk population AC increased normalcy rate while in the patients with angiographic correlation statistically significant results were obtained in the general and male population in the RCA/LCx territory, where NAC was more sensitive and AC displayed higher specificity without any significant results as regards diagnostic accuracy or ROC AUC comparisons. PROGNOSTIC PART Materials and Methods: 637 unselected patients underwent 201Tl MPI with CT-AC. AC & NAC images were interpreted blindly and summed stress scores (SSS) were calculated. Study endpoints were all-cause mortality and the composites of death/non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and death/AMI/late revascularization. On the basis of the event rate distribution across SSS values SSS subgroups were created, Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn and compared by the use of the LogRank test and finally clinical and scintigraphic parameters were entered into the univariete and multivariate Cox regression model. Results: During a follow-up of 42.3±12.8 months 24 deaths, 13 AMIs and 28 revascularizations were recorded. Prognostic SSS groups formed were: 0-4,5-13,>13 for NAC and 0-2,3-9,>9 for AC. Kaplan-Meier functions were statistically significant between NAC SSS groups for all study endpoints. AC discriminated only between SSS 0-2 and >9 for death/AMI and between 0-2 and 3-9 for death/AMI/revascularization. In the univariate Cox regression, abnormal NAC achieved statistical significance for all endpoints whereas AC managed to do so only for SSS >2 & >9 regarding major and all events and for SSS>9 as regards all events. In the multivariate model, abnormal AC yielded no significance for either endpoint whereas abnormal NAC proved independent from other covariates for the composite endpoints. CONCLUSION: Photon attenuation correction with the use of CT-derived attenuation maps does not seem to increase the diagnostic accuracy or prognostic value of myocardial perfusion SPECT and its non-selective utilization in clinical practice may lead to underestimation of coronary artery disease and the subsequent risk of cardiac events.

<b>Background:</b> Systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy play an important role in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Tumour perfusion and oxygenation is known to influence radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. In this thesis, I propose that the evaluation of changes in tumour perfusion using perfusion CT (pCT) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (Dce) MRI can guide the rational sequencing of drugs and radiation. <b>Methods:</b> Dce-MRI and pCT scans were incorporated into a clinical trial of hypofractionated pelvic radiotherapy and nelfinavir in 10 patients with rectal cancer. Toxicity and tissue biomarkers (tumour cell density, microvessel density, CAIX, HIF1-alpha, phospho-Akt and phospho-PRAS40) were evaluated. pCT liver scans were incorporated into an imaging study in patients with colorectal liver metastases randomised to receive either oxaliplatin/ 5FU chemotherapy or oxaliplatin/ 5FU chemotherapy plus selective internal radiotherapy. <b>Results:</b> After 7 days of nelfinavir concurrent with hypo-fractionated pelvic radiotherapy, there was a mean 42&percnt; increase in median K^trans (P=0.03, paired t test) on Dce-MRI and a median 30&percnt; increase in mean blood flow on pCT (P=0.028, Wilcoxon Rank Sum), although no statistically significant changes in perfusion parameters were demonstrated after 7 days of nelfinavir prior to radiotherapy. The feasibility of evaluating tumour cell density in rectal biopsies before and after radiotherapy and a radiosensitising drug as an early endpoint of response was demonstrated. In patients with colorectal liver metastases who received oxaliplatin and modified de Gramont chemotherapy alone, after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, a 28&percnt; decrease in the mean hepatic arterial fraction was observed (P=0.018, paired t test). Between pCT scans 2 days before SIRT and 39-47 days following SIRT and continued 2-weekly chemotherapy, there was a mean 62&percnt; (P=0.009) reduction in Blood Flow and 61&percnt; (P=0.006) reduction in Blood Volume (paired t test). <b>Conclusions</b> This research does not support the hypothesis that nelfinavir before radiotherapy improves blood flow to human rectal cancer. Increases in rectal tumour perfusion during radiotherapy and concurrent nelfinavir are likely to be primarily explained by the acute biological effects of radiation. Four or more cycles of oxaliplatin and modified de Gramont chemotherapy may result in changes in tumour perfusion of colorectal liver metastases which would be detrimental to subsequent radiotherapy. Selective internal radiotherapy resulted in substantial reductions in tumour perfusion 39-47 days after the treatment. Perfusion imaging can be used to detect changes in tumour perfusion in response to radiotherapy and systemic therapy which have implications for the sequencing of therapies.

A detecção de alterações da motilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) induzidas por um estresse farmacológico ou físico tem seu papel bem estabelecido na determinação não-invasiva de isquemia miocárdica. Entretanto, em sequência temporal, vários eventos secundários à isquemia ocorrem no miocárdio, sendo a heterogeneidade de perfusão um dos mais precoces a aparecer. Associação de parâmetros a serem analisados durante exames indutores de isquemia para diagnóstico de doença arterial coronária (DAC) tem sido amplamente estudada nos últimos anos. Ecocardiografia sob estresse pela dobutamina-atropina quando associada a contraste de microbolhas permite melhor visibilização dos segmentos do VE e análise da perfusão miocárdica. Ressonância magnética cardiovascular (RMC) é uma técnica que vem sendo amplamente utilizada na investigação de DAC tanto pela análise motilidade segmentar quanto pela análise da perfusão miocárdica, embora a combinação destes parâmetros tenha sido pouco estudada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar o valor incremental da análise de perfusão miocárdica sobre a análise da motilidade segmentar pela ecocardiografia com perfusão miocárdica em tempo real (EPMTR) e pela RMC e comparar, em um mesmo grupo de pacientes, a acurácia diagnóstica da EPMTR e RMC utilizando o mesmo protocolo sob estresse pela dobutamina-atropina, para detecção de DAC angiograficamente significativa. Estudamos 42 pacientes (média etária de 59 ± 7anos, 20 homens) com suspeita clinica de DAC e indicação de angiografia coronária. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de estresse pela dobutamina-atropina na EPMTR e na RMC com intervalo de três dias a três meses. Para a obtenção da perfusão foi utilizado o contraste ecocardiográfico perflutreno na EPMTR e o contraste paramagnético baseado em gadolínio na RMC. Análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica foram realizadas, tanto na EPMTR quanto na RMC, por análise visual utilizando modelo de 17 segmentos do Joint Commitee on American Heart Association. Todos os pacientes realizaram angiografia coronária invasiva no intervalo máximo de três meses da inclusão, foi considerade DAC significativa a presença de obstrução >50% do diâmetro luminal na análise angiográfica quantitativa. Dos 42 pacientes estudados, 25(60%) apresentaram DAC significativa, sendo 10 uniarteriais e 15 multiarteriais. A análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, pela EPMTR, apresentaram sensibilidade de 72% e 88% e acurácia de 80% e 88%, respectivamente para o diagnóstico de DAC. A análise da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, pela RMC, apresentaram sensibilidade de 80% e 92% e acurácia de 80% e 88%, respectivamente para o diagnóstico de DAC. O valor adicional da perfusão miocárdica sobre a motilidade segmentar para o diagnóstico de DAC foi avaliado em modelo que incluiu motilidade segmentar e associação da motilidade segmentar e perfusão miocárdica, na EPMTR e RMC (2 de 16,16 versus 24,13,repectivamente e 2 de 12,73 versus 27,4; respectivamente), sendo p<0,05 para os dois modelos. Concluímos que a EPMTR e RMC sob o mesmo protocolo de estresse pela dobutaminaatropina apresentaram acurácia diagnóstica semelhantes para detecção de DAC angiograficamente significativa. A análise da perfusão miocárdica apresenta valor adicional para o diagnóstico de DAC à análise da motilidade segmentar tanto na EPMTR quanto na RMC. A. / The detection of left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities induced by pharmacological or physical stress has a well established role in the non-invasive determination of myocardial ischemia. However, following the temporal sequence of events in the ischemic cascate, perfusion heterogeneity is one of the earliest and may occur before wall motion abnormalities. In the last years, association between parameters has been demonstrated to improve the diagnoses of coronary artery disease (CAD) during cardiac stress tests. Microbubble-based contrast agent allows for better LV endocardial border delineation and analysis of myocardial perfusion during stress echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a technique that has been extensively used to investigate CAD, both for the analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion. However, the combination of these parameters has not been completely defined in the literature. The objectives of this study were: to determine the additional value of myocardial perfusion over wall motion analysis with real-time myocardial perfusion echocardiography (RTMPE) and CMRI and to compare, in the same group of patients, the diagnostic accuracy of RTMPE and CMRI using the same dobutamine-atropine stress protocol for detection of angiographically significant CAD. A total of 42 patients were studied (mean age of 59±7 years, 20 men) with clinical suspicion of CAD and indication of coronary angiography. All patients underwent dobutamine-atropine stress protocol during RTMPE and CMRI, with intervals of three days to three months apart. Perflutren contrast agent was used for perfusion analysis by RTMPE, and paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast was used by CMRI, both injected intravenously. Wall motion and myocardial perfusion were determined by visual analysis both in RTMPE and CMRI using the 17-segment model of the Joint Committee of the American Heart Association. All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography within three months of stress tests. Significant CAD was defined as more than 50% of luminal stenosis determined by quantitative coronary angiography. Of the 42 studied patients, 25 (60%) had significant CAD. Among them, 10 had single-vessel and 15 had multivessel CAD. Analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion by RTMPE presented sensitivity of 72% and 88% and diagnostic accuracy of 80% and 88%, respectively, for the detection of significant CAD. Analysis of wall motion and myocardial perfusion by CMRI presented sensitivity of 80% and 92% and diagnostic accuracy of 80% and 88%, respectively, for the detection of significant CAD. The additional value of myocardial perfusion over wall motion for the diagnosis of CAD was assessed in a model that included wall motion and the association of wall motion plus myocardial perfusion both during RTMPE (2 of 16.16 versus 24.13, respectively) and CMRI (2 of 12.73 versus 27.4, respectively) with p<0.05 in both models. In conclusion, RTMPE and CMRI using the same dobutamine-atropine stress protocol had comparable diagnostic accuracies for the detection of angiographically significant CAD. Myocardial perfusion had additional value over wall motion analysis for the diagnosis of CAD, both at RTMPE and CMRI.

Orientadores: Celso Darío Ramos, João Augusto Lima / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T22:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoy_GustavoKhattarde_D.pdf: 2269934 bytes, checksum: b16ad3f63241f0e2537f807b8c45d497 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na comparação de diferentes métodos de imagem utilizados na prática clínica para a detecção da doença coronariana isquêmica, umas das maiores causas de mortalidade nos países desenvolvidos, utilizando como base o estudo multicêntrico Internacional, Core 64. Através de uma análise retrospectiva foram selecionados 63 pacientes de um total de 405 do estudo principal Core 64 que tinham realizado, além da Tomografia Computadorizada e da Cinecoronariografia, a Cintilografia de Perfusão Miocárdica com o objetivo principal de avaliar a correlação anatomofisiológica entre os diferentes métodos de imagem na avaliação da patologia coronariana de causa obstrutiva. Para isto, foram identificados através da avaliação anatômica quantitativa, tanto pela tomografia quanto pela cinecoronariografia, a presença de estenoses coronarianas causando obstruções entre 30 e 80% do lúmen arterial e correlacionados com a presença de defeitos perfusionais quantificados pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica equivalentes ao mesmo território coronariano. Após a análise estatística constatou-se que tanto a tomografia como a cinecoronariografia apresentam sensibilidade e especificidade apenas moderadas para prognosticar as alterações perfusionais detectadas pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica, no entanto, ambos os métodos são complementares e de fundamental importância na prática clínica para a manejamento diagnóstico e terapêutico dos pacientes portadores da doença coronariana isquêmica / Abstract: This work is related to a comparison between different modalities of imaging in the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease causing myocardial ischemia one of the biggest cause of death in developed countries using as base a multicenter trial Core 64. A retrospective analysis was performed using a subgroup of 63 patients of a total of 405 to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography (MDCTA) and Conventional Coronary Angiography in detecting myocardial ischemia identified by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (SPECT). Threshold of 30-80% of coronary artery stenosis identified by MDCTA and conventional coronary angiography were settled and correlated to the presence of myocardial ischemia of the same coronary artery territory. After statistical analyses a similar modest accuracy for quantitative coronary arterial stenosis assessment by both QCTA and QCA for identifying patients with myocardial perfusion were found, however either MDCTA, conventional coronary angiography and SPECT are complementary methods and play an import roll not only diagnosing but guiding clinical treatment in patients with coronary artery disease / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica