Sleep problems affect a considerable number (49-86%) of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Insomnia i.e. difficulties to initiate and/or maintain sleep or too early wakening, combined with daytime symptoms, seems to be the dominating problem. Despite these facts there is a lack of research in PD-patients, especially studies with objective data on the sleep-wake cycle and evaluation of sleep promoting non-pharmacological  interventions. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe sleep problems from different perspectives, and how these problems affect daily life and health in patients treated with PD at home. The aim was also to evaluate an individualised non-pharmacological intervention for improvement of sleep quality outcomes. Four studies were conducted during eight years, starting in 2002. Patients from six hospitals in the south-east of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, data from a reference group with Coronary Artery Disease and a population group were used for comparisons with PD-patients in one of the studies. Data was collected by self-reported questionnaires, actigraphy registrations and interviews. Sleep was evaluated in a 17-week single-case study with an intervention focusing on sleep hygiene advice. Data from a total of 700 sleep-wake cycles was collected in the patients’ homes. The main findings clearly demonstrated that PD-patients have seriously fragmented sleep compared to the CAD- and population group, and that the PD-patients have a high prevalence of insomnia. The sleep was mainly disturbed by pruritus and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Daytime impairments and a frequent napping behaviour were detected. The prevalence of fatigue was also reported to be extremely high. The patients described that an ever-present tiredness and poor sleep had consequences in their everyday life both physically, mentally, socially and existentially. The nurse-led intervention demonstrated that individual, non-pharmacological sleep interventions can improve sleep and daytime activities in PD-patients. This thesis elucidates that deteriorated sleep with serious fragmentation leads to a variety of daytime impairments and fatigue. By adopting “renal supportive care” in clinical work a more elaborate assessment and individualised non-pharmacological treatment of sleep problems may improve sleep quality and activity in frail patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis at home.

Antalet personer med kronisk njursvikt ökar i Sverige, orsakat av att diabetesnefropati ökar, som en följd av att allt fler får diabetes mellitus typ 2. Peritonealdialys är en behandling för personer med kronisk njursvikt och kan skötas i hemmet. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur peritonealdialys inverkar på dagligt liv bland personer med kronisk njursvikt. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie och vetenskapliga artiklar har sökts via elektroniska databaser och manuella sökningar. Femton artiklar granskades och analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade fyra kategorier som utgjordes av oberoende, delaktighet, förändring av välbefinnande och ny medvetenhet om kroppen. De olika kategorierna beskrev peritonealdialysens inverkan på personernas dagliga liv. Genom delaktighet i behandlingen får personen ett oberoende i dagligt liv. Förekomst av fatigue, oro och förändrad kroppsuppfattning kan inverka på personens livskvalitet. Behandling med peritonealdialys har inverkan både på den enskilde personen och på familjen. En beskrivning av peritonealdialysens inverkan på dagligt liv, kan förbereda distriktssköterskan i mötet och omvårdnaden av personer med peritonealdialysbehandling. / The number of persons with chronic renal failure is increasing in Sweden, caused by an increasing number of diabetes nephropathia, as a result of a larger number of diabetes mellitus type 2. Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for persons with chronic renal failure and can be performed at home. The aim of the study is to describe the influence of peritoneal dialysis in the daily life of persons with chronic renal failure. The study was implemented as a general literature study and scientific articles have been acquired via electronic databases and manual searches. Fifteen articles were reviewed and analysed through content analysis. The results showed four categories consisting of independence, participation, change in well-being and new awareness of the body. The different categories described influence of peritoneal dialysis in daily life. By means of participation in the treatment the person gets independence in daily life. The existence of fatigue, anxiety and change of body image can influence a person’s quality of life. Treatment with peritoneal dialysis can influence both the individual and the family. A description of influence of peritoneal dialysis in daily life can prepare the district nurse in the meeting and nurturance of persons with peritoneal dialysis.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing in Advanced Practice

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, 2003. / Kaynakça var.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the possibilities of the chronic renal failure treatment. Its advantage is that the patient is treated alone in his home environment. The main indication of this method is the inability to secure vascular access for hemodialysis. Contraindications include damage to the peritoneum and adhesions in the abdominal cavity. The principle of the method is the exchange of solutes between blood and dialysis solution filled into the peritoneal cavity. Timely and proper education by the nurse is the most important precondition for successful treatment with peritoneal dialysis. The thesis is focused on the role of nurses in the education of patients with peritoneal dialysis. It deals mainly with issues of patient education in connection with the occurrence of complications during their treatment. The first section describes the problems of peritoneal dialysis, including technical aspects, complications and their treatment. Furthermore, the attention is focused on the automated peritoneal dialysis, which takes place mostly at night and therefore the patient has more time to care about his normal daily activities. The second section of the theoretical part is devoted to education. The first target of the research was the examination of the effect of educational activities on the occurence of complications. Before starting treatment, patients have always been educated about the issues of this kond of treatment. The informative materials about the treatment and its related complications were also provided. Some of them did look up the information on the internet, and they discussed it further with the nurse. All of the respondents were able to name and describe the symptoms of complications occurring at the beginning and during the therapy. The second goal was to compare awareness among patients with frequent complications compared to those with the least complications. We did not find any benchmark to determine, whether the inconvenience was caused y the degree of unawareness of the patients, or their attitude to the treatment. The discussion will reflect on the question, which errors did subsequently led to the complications. The third objective was to compare the incidence of complications on patients with APD compared to patients on CAPD. With CAPD, the patient opens and closes the transfer set at least 4 times a day, thereby increasing the risk of infection through the peritoneal catheter. The research shows that among respondents undergoing the APD treatment method, the number of complications is lower. It is not possible to determine, whether the numer of complications on APD is lower due to minimal use of the peritoneal catheter, or because some patients on CAPD have already suffered the complications and have been instructed to approach the APD more responsibly. The empirical part of the thesis is presented by a qualitative research. The survey was carried out in the form of non-standardized interview based on prepared questions, which were extended during interviews. The research group consists of ten patients from dialysis clinics in Tabor, Ceske Budejovice and Jindrichuv Hradec. The patients on CAPD and APD were of different ages and with different duration of treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is the elimination method of replacing the kidneys function, and it is performed by the patient himself, in their own social environment. A prerequisite for successful treatment is high-quality patient education, which is mainly provided by the nurse. This introductory education continues with ongoing reeducation. The results of this thesis may be used as the basis for further research. They can also be used as study material for students of nursing fields. Created brochure can help the patients to decide, how to select the treatment method, or mastering the problems of this treatment.

p. 1-116 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-09T19:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_DE_MESTRADO_MARIA_HELENA_GUSMAO seg.pdf: 422680 bytes, checksum: 13c973ea27fcacc1aed66fde60a1152e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-10T17:49:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_DE_MESTRADO_MARIA_HELENA_GUSMAO seg.pdf: 422680 bytes, checksum: 13c973ea27fcacc1aed66fde60a1152e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-10T17:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_DE_MESTRADO_MARIA_HELENA_GUSMAO seg.pdf: 422680 bytes, checksum: 13c973ea27fcacc1aed66fde60a1152e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Avaliar a associação entre desnutrição, inflamação e outros fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em pacientes sob diálise peritoneal contínua. Métodos Estudo transversal, envolvendo 61 pacientes em Diálise Peritoneal Contínua em duas Unidades de Diálise em Salvador-Ba. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio da Avaliação Subjetiva Global. Realizou-se a dosagem de Proteína C Reativa Ultra Sensível para determinar inflamação. Foram estudados fatores de risco tradicionais para Doença cardiovascular, como sexo, idade, etilismo, tabagismo, sedentarismo, hipertensão, diabetes, dislipidemia e hábitos alimentares e fatores não tradicionais, como alterações no metabolismo de cálcio e fósforo e anemia. Nesta população 36% dos pacientes encontravam-se desnutridos e 49,2% com processo inflamatório. Desnutrição e inflamação foram evidenciadas em 21,3% dos pacientes. O grupo de pacientes desnutridos apresentou níveis maiores de Proteína C Reativa Ultra Sensível do que aqueles de pacientes com bom estado nutricional (p=0,04). Não foram evidenciadas associações entre desnutrição na presença de inflamação e outros fatores de risco para Doença Cardiovascular. A desnutrição ainda é freqüente nos pacientes sob Diálise Peritoneal Contínua, assim como a inflamação. Ambos agravos estão associados nesta população, contudo não há associação entre desnutrição na presença de inflamação e os outros fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. / Salvador

I takt med att befolkningen blir allt äldre och bakomliggande sjukdomar som hypertoni och diabetes ökar i samhället kommer allt fler drabbas av kronisk njursvikt. Något som kommer ställa krav på sjukvården både ekonomiskt och resursmässigt. Leva med kronisk njursvikt och dialysbehandling kan komma att påverka flera aspekter av patientens liv både psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt. Det är därför av vikt att sjuksköterskan har förmåga att individanpassa undervisning och omvårdnad utifrån patientens behov samt finnas till som stöd och vägledare. Studiens syfte var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med peritonealdialys (PD). Studien är utförd som en allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk metod. Genom bearbetning av vetenskapliga artiklar framkom tre kategorier. Att anpassa livet, att kroppen förändras och att relationer förändras. I resultatet framkom en bred variation av hur patienterna valde att integrera PD som en del av livet och hur de utformade strategier för att bemästra den nya situationen.  Hur patienterna upplevde sin behandling och dess påverkan på det vardagliga livet sågs olika bland deltagarna. Även sjuksköterskans roll visade sig mångdimensionell och betydande för denna patientgrupp. Ur resultatet framgick det att sjukvården behöver optimera patientundervisningen, person-centrera omvårdnaden och eliminera osäkerhet och rädsla hos patienter och anhöriga relaterat till okunskap. / In a society where people get older and conditions such as hypertension and diabetes is on the rise more people will get afflicted by chronic renal failure. Something that will make huge demands on healthcare, both financially and resourcefully. Living with chronic renal failure and dialysis treatment may affect several aspects of the patient's life, both mentally, physically and socially. It is therefore important that the nurse has the ability to individualize education and nursing according to the needs of the patient, as well as being able to support and guide. The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of living with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study is conducted as a literature review with an systematic method. By processing scientific articles five categories revealed: to adapt life, the body changes and relationships takes new turns. In the result there was a broad variation of how the patients choose to integrate PD as a part of their lives and how they formed strategies to master their new situation. How the patients perceived their treatment and their impact on everyday life were seen differently among the participants. The nurse's role also turned out to be multidimensional and of great importance for this patient group.  From the results it emerged that health care has some work to do to optimize education, individualize nursing and eliminate the uncertainty and fear of patients and relatives related to the lack of knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_cmt_me_botfm.pdf: 835935 bytes, checksum: af572634a1bee4fdb6e1307ddb73c204 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em três formas de tratamento: pré-diálise, diálise peritoneal e hemodiálise; estudou ainda a associação desses desfechos com variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Este estudo de corte transversal avaliou 182 pacientes (75,2%) dos 242 em tratamento na Unidade de Diálise do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, em 2008. Destes, 39 realizavam diálise peritoneal, 112 realizavam hemodiálise e 31 estavam em pré-diálise. Os instrumentos utilizados para obtenção dos dados foram: o formulário sócio-demográfico e clínico; o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e o teste de Fluência Verbal (Categoria Animais) para avaliação da função cognitiva; o inventário de depressão de Beck (BDI), para avaliação de sintomas depressivos e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire–20 (SRQ-20) para avaliação de transtorno mental comum e o The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) para avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV). Verificou-se que 55.0% dos indivíduos estudados eram homens e a idade média era de 57,5 anos. Diabetes foi a doença de base predominante (32,5%) e o tempo médio de tratamento era de 36 meses. A prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo foi de 56,6%. Cerca da metade dos pacientes (44,9%) apresentava sintomas depressivos e 44.0% Transtorno Mental Comum. A partir do resultado da análise univariada, que estimou a associação dos casos de comprometimento cognitivo com variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas, elaborou-se o modelo de regressão logística (stepwise forward). Constatou-se que os prováveis fatores de risco, após se ajustar para idade, sexo e renda, foram: apresentar baixa escolaridade... / The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment compromise, depressive symptoms and evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under three forms of treatment: predialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. The association of these outcomes with sociodemographic and clinical variables was also studied. This cross-sectional study evaluated 182 patients (75.2%) of the 242 being treated at the Dialysis Unit of the Clinics Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, in 2008. Of these, 39 were being treated by peritoneal dialysis, 112 by hemodialysis and 31 were in predialysis. The instruments used to obtain the data were: the sociodemographic and clinical form; the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Verbal Fluency Test (animal category) to evaluate cognitive function; the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate depressive symptoms; the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) to evaluate common mental disorders; and The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate the quality of life (QL). Data analysis verified that 55.0% of the individuals studied were men and patient mean age was 57.5 years-old. Diabetes (32.5%) was the predominant underlying disease and the mean treatment time was 36 months. The prevalence of cognitive compromise was 56.6%. Almost half the patients (44.9%) presented depressive symptoms and 44.0% common mental disorders. Based on the results of univariate analysis, which estimated the association of cognitive impairment cases with sociodemographic and clinical variables, the logistic regression model (stepwise forward) was elaborated. The probable risk factors determined after adjusting for age, sex and income were: having low education (OR 3.05; IC 1.38-6.77); having diabetes mellitus (OR 2.34; IC 1.24-9.02); being treated by hemodialysis ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Jaqueline Costa Teixeira Caramori / Banca: Pasqual Barretti / Banca: Júlio Sérgio Marchini / Acompanha 1 CD-Rom / Resumo: A terapia dialítica proporciona controle dos distúrbios metabólicos e remoção de toxinas urêmicas repercutindo positivamente no estado nutricional, por outro lado, o procedimento dialítico per se estimula produção de mediadores inflamatórios, induzindo catabolismo; associado a isso é freqüente o achado de sobrecarga líquida na população em diálise, fator que parece influenciar o estado inflamatório e nutricional. Na diálise peritoneal crônica a gênese e o balanço entre associações do estado de hidratação, inflamatório e nutricional não é completamente entendida. Caracterizar a amostra de pacientes em diálise peritoneal e verificar a influência do estado de hidratação e inflamatório, separadamente, sobre marcadores clínicos, nutricionais e inflamatórios. Estudo transversal que avaliou 27 pacientes em diálise peritoneal crônica quanto a parâmetros clínicos, dialíticos, laboratoriais, antropométricos e de bioimpedância elétrica (unifreqüêncial). A amostra foi estratificada quanto ao estado de hidratação pela relação entre água extracelular - AEC e água corporal total - ACT (0,47 para homens e 0,52 para mulheres); e quanto ao estado inflamatório, pela Proteína C reativa - PCR (1 mg/dl). Modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi aplicado na amostra não estratificada, para avaliar a influência de parâmetros sobre hidratação e inflamação; comparações foram realizadas por análise de covariância, Mann-Whitney, teste t de Student, Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, considerou-se significância estatística quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Nesta casuística, sobrecarga líquida esteve presente em 100% dos pacientes, com valores de AEC/ACT de 0,51±0,05. Quanto à influência dos parâmetros no estado de hidratação, observou-se que pacientes em diálise automatizada e com maior função renal residual apresentaram menor sobrecarga líquida. / Abstract: Dialytic therapy provides metabolic imbalances management and uremic toxins removal, positively reflecting on nutritional state. Otherwise, the dialytic procedure itself stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators, leading to catabolism; allied to this inflammatory state, dialytic patients frequently presents fluid overload, a factor that seems to influence both nutritional and inflammatory status. In chronic peritoneal dialysis, the genesis and the balance of hydration, nutritional and inflammatory state remains unclear. To describe chronic peritoneal dialysis patients characteristics and to verify the influence of inflammatory and nutritional state, separately, on clinical, nutritional and inflammatory markers. Crosssectional study that evaluated 27 chronic peritoneal dialysis patients according to clinical, dialytic, laboratorial, anthropometric parameters and bioelectrical impedance analysis -BIA (single-frequency BIA). The population sample was stratified according to: hydration state, by the relation between extracellular water - ECW and total body water - TBW (0.47 for men and 0.52 for women); and according to inflammatory state, by Creactive protein - CRP (1mg/dl). Multiple regression analyses was applied on the not stratified sample to evaluate the parameters influence on hydration and inflammation; comparisons were made by covariance analyses, Mann-Whitney, t test, Chi-square or Fisher exact test; values were considered significant when p<0.05. In this casuistic study, fluid overload were observed on 100 percent of the patients, with ECW/TBW values of 0.51±0.05. About the influence of the parameters on hydration state, we observed that patients under automatic peritoneal dialysis and greater residual renal function presented lower fluid overload. According to ECW/TBW, patients with higher fluid overload, compared to those with minor overload, presented lower phase... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre