Orientador: Antônio Fernando Monteiro Camargo / Banca: Rogério Falleiros Carvalho / Banca: Irineu Bianchini Junior / Resumo: O estresse oxidativo causado pela produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) é uma das respostas que as plantas apresentam frente a um estresse ambiental. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo das macrófitas aquáticas Crinum americanum e Spartina alterniflora em duas condições: salinidade e nutrientes que ocorrem no estuário do rio Itanhaém (SP). Raízes e folhas (5 plantas) de C. americanum foram coletadas em cada área (5 amostras/área). O material vegetal para análises de clorofila (a+b), carotenóides, peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), malonaldeído (MDA) e enzimas antioxidantes SOD e CAT foram acondicionado em N2 líquido no campo e posteriormente armazenado em freezer a -80 °C. Também foram coletados em cada réplica material vegetal para avaliar o teor de N e P totais da planta e do sedimento Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: C. americanum e S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse oxidativo em alto e médio estuário, respectivamente; Os indivíduos de S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse na área de lançamento de esgoto. / Abstract: The oxidative stress caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the responses that plants exhibit facing environmental stress. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidative stress of the aquatic macrophytes Crinum americanum and Spartina alterniflora under two conditions: salinity and nutrients that occur in the estuary of the Itanhaém river (SP). Roots and leaves (5 plants) of C. americanum were collected in each area (5 samples / area). The plant material for analysis of chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids, H2O2, MDA and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT with platform in N2 without field and liquid in freezer at -80 ° C. Vegetable material was also collected in each replicate to evaluate the total N and P content of the plant and of the sediment. The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed that: C. americanum and S. alterniflora suffered higher oxidative stress in upper and middle estuary, respectively; The State of São Paulo changes have suffered greater stress in the area of sewage / Mestre

Dairy products are important sources of calcium and other nutrients but are a poor source of dietary iron. Cheese comprises a substantial portion of dairy food consumption and has been determined an appropriate medium for iron-fortification. However, iron may promote the potentially harmful process in food and biological systems known as lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the safety of consuming iron-fortified cheese was examined. Commercial-scale batches of Cheddar cheese were iron-fortified to a level of two milligrams of iron per ounce with either ferric chloride, ferric-casein complex, or ferric-whey protein complex. Fifty-four premenopausal females were divided into three treatment groups and supplemented one and one-half ounces of iron-fortified Cheddar cheese into their normal diet on a daily basis for six consecutive weeks. Lipid peroxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, and feces. A significant increase in serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances occurred in all treatment groups sixteen days after initiation of iron-fortified cheese consumption. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum returned to baseline levels after thirty days of iron-fortified cheese consumption. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, and feces did not differ among iron-fortification methods. Average daily intake of iron during the six weeks of iron-fortified cheese consumption significantly increased above baseline intake levels without cheese by the approximate amount of iron fortified into the cheese. Increased dietary iron intakes were not correlated with increased lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, or feces. These results indicated that the daily consumption of iron-fortified cheese increased dietary iron intake and produced a transient increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in human serum.

Free radicals are thought to be involved in the destructive process of beta cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Studies were performed to test the hypotheses (1) that malondialdehyde (MDA), a by-product of lipid peroxidation, affects $ beta$-cell function and integrity in vitro and (2) that such effects might be prevented in the BB rat (a model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes) in vivo by administration of $ alpha$-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical spin trap. First, islets of Wistar-Furth rats were studied at 12, 24 and 40 hr of culture in either 5.5, 11 or 16.5 mM glucose, and MDA at a range of concentrations ($6 times10 sp{-12}$-10$ sp{-3}$M). High concentrations of MDA inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release without corresponding decreases in islet insulin content, suggesting that in situations with high predicted islet free radical content (e.g., autoimmune insulitis) beta cell function may be affected even before the cells are destroyed. Second, 28 diabetes-prone (BBdp) and 13 non diabetes-prone (BBn) rats were given PBN (20 mg/kg) s.c. 2x/day and 27 BBdp and 12 BBn rats received an equal volume of saline. PBN was able to decrease MDA in the absence of the autoimmune process and is remarkably non-toxic. However, it did not prevent diabetes for reasons which may include its concentration at the site of the inflammatory process or specificity to types of radicals trapped. Because it did decrease MDA, either a higher dose or a combination of PBN with other agents may hold promise for disease prevention.

A two by six factorial design was used to investigate the effect of zinc and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the growth of two human breast cancer cell lines differing in their expression of metallothionein (MT) and of estrogen receptors; MCF7 cells express estrogen receptors, BT-20 cells do not. Cells were treated with zinc to induce MT then treated with six concentrations of RA. Cell proliferation, lipid peroxidation, MT protein, MT mRNA and glutathione concentrations were measured. / BT-20 cells expressed higher constitutive MT concentrations than MCF7 cells. MT was significantly induced by zinc treatment in BT-20 cells but not in MCF7 cells. Low RA concentrations stimulated growth proliferation but higher concentrations inhibited cell proliferation. High RA concentrations increased lipid peroxidation. There was a significant negative correlation between lipid peroxidation and cell proliferation. Growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation were reduced by zinc in BT-20 cells but not in MCF7 cells. Glutathione did not appear to be a significant factor. / Induction of metallothionein by zinc may modulate the growth inhibitory effects of all-trans retinoic acid in human breast cancer cells. One mechanism of growth inhibition may be through increased lipid peroxidation.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Submitted by RACHEL SANTINI PAULINO null (rachel_santini@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-04T13:58:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado 2.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-04T14:13:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulino_rs_me_jabo.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T14:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulino_rs_me_jabo.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O estresse oxidativo causado pela produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) é uma das respostas que as plantas apresentam frente a um estresse ambiental. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo das macrófitas aquáticas Crinum americanum e Spartina alterniflora em duas condições: salinidade e nutrientes que ocorrem no estuário do rio Itanhaém (SP). Raízes e folhas (5 plantas) de C. americanum foram coletadas em cada área (5 amostras/área). O material vegetal para análises de clorofila (a+b), carotenóides, peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), malonaldeído (MDA) e enzimas antioxidantes SOD e CAT foram acondicionado em N2 líquido no campo e posteriormente armazenado em freezer a -80 °C. Também foram coletados em cada réplica material vegetal para avaliar o teor de N e P totais da planta e do sedimento Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: C. americanum e S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse oxidativo em alto e médio estuário, respectivamente; Os indivíduos de S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse na área de lançamento de esgoto. / The oxidative stress caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the responses that plants exhibit facing environmental stress. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidative stress of the aquatic macrophytes Crinum americanum and Spartina alterniflora under two conditions: salinity and nutrients that occur in the estuary of the Itanhaém river (SP). Roots and leaves (5 plants) of C. americanum were collected in each area (5 samples / area). The plant material for analysis of chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids, H2O2, MDA and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT with platform in N2 without field and liquid in freezer at -80 ° C. Vegetable material was also collected in each replicate to evaluate the total N and P content of the plant and of the sediment. The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed that: C. americanum and S. alterniflora suffered higher oxidative stress in upper and middle estuary, respectively; The State of São Paulo changes have suffered greater stress in the area of sewage / 2018SLR05032

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-07Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814282.pdf: 748247 bytes, checksum: b02de330f599c05516005628a0b9e7a7 (MD5) / A instalação do estresse oxidativo decorre da existência de um desequilíbrio entre compostos oxidantes e antioxidantes, ocasionando a geração e acúmulo de espécies reativas do oxigênio (ERO). Estudos realizados nos estágios terminais da doença renal crônica (DRC) no homem e em ratos demonstraram que ocorre aumento na produção de ERO. O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar se o mesmo ocorre em cães clinicamente estáveis nos diferentes estágios da DRC naturalmente adquirida. O protocolo experimental do presente trabalho foi previamente aprovado, pela Comissão de Ética no uso de Animais conforme processo n.° 013690/11. Foram estudados cinco grupos de cães, com idade variando entre quatro a 18 anos, compreendendo o grupo controle, composto por animais sadios (controle, n=17), grupo com DRC estágio 1 (DRC-1, n=12), grupo com DRC estágio 2 (DRC-2, n=10), grupo com DRC estágio 3 (DRC-3, n=13) e grupo com DRC estágio 4 (DRC-4, n=10). Os cães com DRC estavam com o quadro clínico estável e sem receber qualquer tipo de tratamento. Os animais sadios ou com DRC foram submetidos a duas coletas de sangue, com intervalo de 24 horas (amostras repetidas), para obtenção de soro e plasma. O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pelo poder antioxidante, estimado pelo delta, e pela determinação plasmática indireta de óxido nítrico (NO) por meio da dosagem de nitrato/nitrito. O ensaio foi realizado em duplicatas das amostras de cada avaliação. Os dados obtidos (médias das duplicatas) foram submetidos à análise de variância (One-way ANOVA) não paramétrica (Kruskal-Wallis) (α=0,05). Os resultados estão expressos como média±erro padrão da média. Os valores de creatinina sérica, que definiram a classificação dos pacientes do grupo controle, DRC-1, DRC-2, DRC-3 e DRC-4 foram 1,02±0,02mg/dL; 1,06±0,05mg/dL; 1,80±0,03mg/dL; 3,39±0,21mg/dL e 6,00±0,28mg/dL, respectivamente. Os resultados relativos ... / The establishment of oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants compounds, which generates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies conducted in terminal stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans and mice demonstrated an increase in ROS generation. The aim of this study was to determine if the same pattern of response occurs in dogs clinically stable at different stages of naturally occurring CKD. The experimental protocol of this study was previously approved by the Ethics Committee on the use of Animals n.° 013690/11. Five groups of dogs, all aged between four to 18 years old. Were studied the control group was composed of healthy animals (CG, n = 17), CKD stage 1 group (CKD-1, n = 12), CKD stage 2 group (CKD-2, n = 10), CKD stage 3 group (CKD-3, n = 13) and CKD stage 4 group (CKD-4, n = 10). CKD dogs were clinically stable with no treatment. Two blood samples were collected at intervals of 24 hours (repeated measures) to obtain serum and plasma. Oxidative stress was measured by antioxidant power and indirectly by determination of nitric oxide (NO) by nitrate/nitrite. Data (means of duplicates) were submitted to analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) (α = .05). The results were expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. The serum creatinine values guided the classification of patients as CG, CKD-1, CKD-2, CKD-3 and CKD-4 and were 1.02±0.02mg/dL, 1.06±0.05 mg/dL, 1.80±0.03 mg/dL, 3.39±0.21 mg/dL and 6.00±0.28 mg/dL, respectively. The results related to antioxidant power (GC) 0.032 ± 0.002 mmol/μL, (CKD-1) 0.030±0.002nmol/μL, (CKD-2) 0.028±0.003nmol/μL, (CKD- 3) 0.027±0.003 nmol/μL and (CKD-4) 0.025 ± 0.002 nmol/μL were different between the healthy dogs and dogs with CKD, but not differ significantly among groups. The results of the NO plasma concentrations did not differ significantly when comparing the GC data (10.81±0.51μM) ...

abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effect a daily coconut oil supplement (2 grams) would have on a common serum marker of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and an indicator of oxidative stress (TBARS) when compared to the control group receiving a placebo capsule (white flour) in healthy, sedentary adults between the ages of 18-40 in Phoenix, Arizona. Design: This study was designed as secondary analyses of blood samples originally collected to study the effects of coconut oil supplementation on blood lipids and body composition. The original study consisted of 32 healthy, adult volunteers recruited from the Arizona State University campus in Phoenix, Arizona. Participants followed no food restrictions or special diets, exercised less than 150 minutes per week, had no diagnoses of chronic disease, were not taking statin medications, were non-smokers, and no female participants were pregnant. Participants were randomized into either the Coconut Oil group (CO) or the Placebo group (PL) at week 0, and baseline blood samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Each participant completed an 8-week protocol consisting of two supplement capsules daily (coconut oil or placebo). Final fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken at week 8. This study analyzed the blood samples for measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS). Results: Eight weeks of 2 grams per day coconut oil supplementation, in comparison to placebo treatment, did not significantly reduce serum CRP ( -13% and +51% respectively, p=0.183) but did significantly increase TBARS ( +16% and -27% respectively, p=0.049). Conclusions: Coconut oil supplementation (2 g/day) may impact lipid peroxidation as indicated by an increase in plasma TBARS concentration. Future trials are necessary to corroborate these results using other indices of fatty peroxide formation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No processo do envelhecimento humano ocorrem alteraÃÃes significativas no organismo,incluindo o aumento do estresse oxidativo, que tem sido responsabilizado pelo desencadeamento de muitas doenÃas degenerativas. A adoÃÃo de estratÃgia capaz de interferir no processo oxidativo seria fundamental para amenizar ou retardar o surgimento de afecÃÃes prevalentes na idade avanÃada. A utilizaÃÃo de substÃncias em doses nutracÃuticas, como precursoras de antioxidantes, tem sido muito estudada. A seguranÃa e os efeitos da suplementaÃÃo via oral de glutamina, em doses nutracÃuticas, sobre o estresse oxidativo e o metabolismo glicÃmico foram analisados em indivÃduos de meia-idade e idosos. Para tanto, foi realizado um ensaio clÃnico randomizado, controlado, cruzado, duplo-cego. Foram selecionados, pelos critÃrios do Protocolo SENIEUR com modificaÃÃes, 32 residentes em instituiÃÃo de longa permanÃncia, divididos em 2 grupos e submetidos à suplementaÃÃo com L-glutamina e caseinato de cÃlcio via oral, na dose de 0,5g/Kg/dia por perÃodo de 14 dias intercalados por pausa temporal (washout period) de 5 dias. Foram realizados exames para avaliaÃÃo de alteraÃÃes hematolÃgicas, hepÃticas, renais e calculada a estimativa do Ritmo de FiltraÃÃo Glomerular (eRFG), avaliada a capacidade antioxidante pela dosagem da Glutationa Total, cÃlculo da razÃo GSH/GSSG, do potencial redox pela EquaÃÃo de Nerst e avaliada a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica pela dosagem do TBARS (substÃncia reativa Ãcido tiobarbitÃrico) antes (T0) e apÃs (T1) suplementaÃÃo. Dos 32 participantes que iniciaram o estudo, um foi excluÃdo por uso de antiinflamatÃrio e out o e retirou por vontade prÃpria. Dos 30 indivÃduos restantes, 16 (53,3%) eram homens, mÃdia de idade 69  8,8 anos, peso mÃdio 61,8  14,2Kg,albumina sÃrica 4,0  0,3g/dL. NÃo houve efeito clÃnico adverso durante a utilizaÃÃo de Lglutamina,tampouco alteraÃÃo significativa dos parÃmetros laboratoriais, exceto aumento nos nÃveis de urÃia, tanto no grupo caseinato (T0 = 33,033  8,688; T1 = 43,066  11,732; p <0,0001) quanto no grupo glutamina (T0 = 34,100  9,117; T1 = 44,200  8,833; p<0,0001) e aumento estatisticamente significante de creatinina no grupo glutamina (T0 = 0,917  0,123;T1 = 1,050  0,138; p<0,0001) e reduÃÃo da eRFG: 13,3% na suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina e de 2,9% na suplementaÃÃo de caseinato de cÃlcio, porÃm sem significado clÃnico. A concentraÃÃo sanguÃnea de Glutationa Total nÃo mostrou alteraÃÃo com a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina, tampouco houve alteraÃÃo na capacidade de antioxidaÃÃo do sistema glutationa avaliada pelo cÃlculo da razÃo GSH/GSSG, pela equaÃÃo de Nerst e na peroxidaÃÃo de lipÃdeos avaliada pela dosagem de TBARS. A suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina nÃo teve impacto sobre a via glicolÃtica e secretagoga de insulina. Conclui-se que aumento nos nÃveis sÃricos de urÃia e creatinina e a reduÃÃo da estimativa de Ritmo de FiltraÃÃo Glomerular sÃo provavelmente devidos à dificuldade dos rins envelhecidos de metabolizar suplementos de fonte protÃica. Embora nÃo clinicamente significativas, estas alteraÃÃes impÃem um rigoroso controle na avaliaÃÃo dos parÃmetros da funÃÃo renal durante a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina na dose de 0,5g/kg/dia em indivÃduos de meia-idade e idosos. Na ausÃncia de estresse adicional, a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina nÃo altera o padrÃo das reaÃÃes orgÃnicas de estresse oxidativo, prÃprias do envelhecimento, nÃo justificando, portanto, seu uso nestas situaÃÃes. / Significant alterations in the organism occur in the human aging process, including the increase of oxidative stress which has been held responsible for unleashing many degenerative diseases. The adoption of a strategy able to interfere in the oxidative process would be essential to ease or retard the appearance of disorders prevailing in advanced age. The usage of substances in nutraceutic dosages as antioxidants precursors has been much studied. Safety and effects of the oral L-glutamine supplementation, in nutraceutic dosages,on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism were analyzed in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Thus, a randomized, controlled, cross-over, double-blind clinic trial was performed. Through the SENIEUR test protocol criteria with modifications, 32 people living in a nursing home were selected, divided in 2 groups and submitted to oral L-glutamine and calcium caseinate supplementation at the dosage of 0.5/kg/day for a 14-day period intercalated by a 5-day washout period. Tests were performed in order to evaluate hematological, hepatic, renal alterations and the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the total glutathione dosage,calculation of GSH/GSSG ratio of the redox (oxidation-reduction) potential through the Nerst equation and the lipid peroxidation was evaluated through dosage of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances), before (T0) and after (T1) supplementation. From 32 participants that started the study, one was excluded due to anti-inflammatory usage and the other withdrew by own will. 16 (53.3%) out of 30 were men, average age 69 Â} 8.8 years, average weight 61.8 Â} 14.2 kg, serum albumine 4.0 Â} 0.3 g/dl. There was no clinical adverse effect during the L-glutamine usage, nor significant clinical alteration of laboratory parameters except for an increase in urea levels either at the caseinate group (T0= 34.100 Â} 9.117; T1 = 44.200 Â} 8.833; p<0.0001) as at the glutamine group (T0 = 34.100 Â} 9.117; T1 = 44.200 Â} 8.833; p<0.0001) and a statistically significant creatinine increase at the glutamine group (T0 = 0.917 Â} 0.123; T1 = 1.050 Â} 0.138; p<0.0001) and at the GFRe: 13.3% in Lglutamine supplementation and 2.9% in calcium caseinate supplementation, but without clinical significance. Blood levels of the Total Glutathione did not show alteration with Lglutamine supplementation, nor alteration in the anti-oxidation capacity of the glutathione system assessed through TBARS ratio calculation. L-glutamine supplementation had no impact on the glycolitic path and insulin secretagogue. It is concluded that the increase in urea and creatinine serum levels and the reduction of the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate occur probably due to the difficulty of the aged kidneys to metabolize protein-sourced supplements. Although they are not clinically significant, these alterations impose a rigorous control in the evaluation of the kidney function parameters during the L-glutamine supplementation with doses of 0.5g/kg/day on middle-aged and elderly individuals. In absence of additional stress, the L-glutamine supplementation does not alter the organic reactions standard of oxidative stress, pertaining to aging, not justifying, therefore, its usage in these situations.