This dissertation explores the connection between founder personality and organizational culture in founder-led entrepreneurial companies. With a focus on how founder personality affects culture, it draws from the literature in upper echelon/top management teams, family business and organizational psychology – notably the Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA: Schneider, 1987) and Person-Organization fit (P-O: O'Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991) theories. Using a combination of ethnographic, psychological and organizational data from the founders and employees of four small firms from multiple industries, and a broader survey study of 336 respondents from 23 firms, it finds support for O’Reilly et al., (2014)’s CEO Personality-Culture link in the small-company setting. It also validates two new findings: 1) that employee personality traits can trump founder personality as an influence on culture, and 2) that founder involvement can moderate the impact of founder personality on culture. The dissertation concludes with plans for further research into the personality-organizational culture effects and thoughts about the applicability of these results for founders and consultants. / Business Administration/Entrepreneurship

Syfte: Syftet är att visa för- och nackdelar för organisationskulturens påverkan på rekryteringen hos organisationer som är präglade av organisationskultur, samt hur en organisation avgör vilken individ som passar in. Vi ämnar beskriva eventuella risker, möjligheter och begränsningar med dessa metoder för både organisation och individ. Metodik: En flerfallsundersökning på fem organisationer inom den privata sektorn har tillämpats som undersökningsdesign med en induktiv ansats. Genom en kvalitativ metod där semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts har data producerats fram. Slutsats: Organisationskulturen präglade vad organisationerna sökte hos en kandidat mer än hur rekryteringsprocessen utformades. För att finna rätt kandidat var en realistisk företagspresentation framträdande tillsammans med utformningen av intervjun. Organisationernas rekryterade efter sina värderingar, vilka presenterades i en företagspresentation och diskuterades kring under intervjun. Fördelarna för organisationen blev minskad risk för misstolkning tillsammans med större valfrihet bland kandidater och ett verktyg för organisationen att dämpa för höga förväntningar på arbetet. Nackdelarna blev fler moment att ta ställning till vilket är resurskrävande samtidigt som flera förutsättningar krävdes för att få önskad effekt. Fanns inte rätt förutsättningar för matchningen riskerades en resurskrävande process med oförutsedda resultat. / Purpose: The purpose is to present advantages and disadvantages of how organizational culture affects the recruitment in organizations that are incused by organizational culture, and how an organization decides which individual that fits the organization. We intend to describe certain ventures, possibilities and limitations with these methods for both organization and individual. Methodology: A more case study has been applied on five organizations within the private sector as a research design, with an inductive approach. A qualitative method has been used where semi-structured interviews have been implemented from where data has been established. Conclusion: Organizational culture incused the recruitment by what they were looking for in an applicant rather than how it affected the recruitment process. To find the right applicant a realistic organizational presentation was prominent together with how the interview was designed. The organization recruited applicants after their values, which were presented by the organization and discussed during the interviews. The advantages were reduced risk of misinterpretation by applicants along with a greater possibility of choice and a tool for organizations to reduce too high expectations on employment. The disadvantages were more elements to examine while the process became resource demanding, while several conditions had to be fulfilled. If the right conditions couldn’t be obtained the risk was a resource demanding recruiting with an unforeseen result.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether the employee perceived need-supply fit (N-S fit), demand-ability fit (D-A fit), person-organization fit (P-O fit), and person-supervisor fit (P-S fit) mediate the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and follower's task performance, and organizational citizenship behavior toward organization (OCB-O)and supervisor (OCB-S). In addition, we also examined the moderating effects of follower's cultural and learning adaptabilities on the relationship between TFL and the above employee's fit perceptions. The data was collected from 36 companies of different industries in Taiwan, consisted of 85 leaders and 179 followers. The result of structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis showed that perceived N-S fit mediated the relationship of TFL and task performance. The effect of TFL on OCB-O and OCB-S was also mediated by perceived P-O fit, and P-S fit respectively. Furthermore, follower's cultural adaptability moderated the positive relationship between TFL and N-S fit. Besides, follower's low learning adaptability strengthened the effect of TFL on follower perceived D-A fit. Finally, follower's learning adaptability strengthened the positive relationship between TFL and perceived P-S fit. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

The purpose of the study is to discuss the Engineer¡¦s working Passion and detects the inner meaning by way of inquiring senior engineering managers firstly. In this research, the inner meanings are applied to developing the framework and questionary. The inquiry result is that working passion¡¦s sources affect working passion¡¦s behaviors, and working passion behaviors bring working passion effect. In this study, working passion source is defined as independent variable, working passion effect is defined as dependent variable, and working passion behavior is defined as a mediator. Furthermore, person-organization fit and person-job fit are defined as interfered variables. The thesis adopted questionnaire survey and target on R&D dept. engineers in Taiwan high-technology industry. 388 copies of the 450 questionnaires issued are returned, among which 369 copies are valid. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, hierarchical regression and Canonical correlation analysis to discuss the relationships. The findings of the study are as follows. (1) A positive relationship between the working passion sources and the working passion effects. (2) A positive relationship between the working passion behaviors and the working passion effects. (3) Working passion behaviors mediate the relationship between the working passion sources and the working passion effects. (4) Person-organization fit and person-job fit interfere in each other variables. The more person-organization fit, the more motivation and leadership result in working passion behaviors. The more person-job fit, the more leadership and team birr bring working passion behaviors.

In the field of organizational behavior, it has been a long-range debate whether personality attributes or situations impact individuals¡¦ behavior more significantly. Actually, person and work environment both can not be ignored, researcher have noticed the concept of person-environment (P-E) fit proved to influence various work outcomes significantly. Furthermore, there is an emerging issue about common method variance (CMV) in the field of fit researches. As a result, this research intends to develop four Q-sort profiles to apply Q-methodology for measuring P-O, P-J, P-S as well as P-G fit such that the bias of common method variance can be reduced. We proposed five research objectives in this research: (1) to develop four valid and manageable Q-sort profiles as indirect measures of P-O, P-J, P-G, and P-S fit; (2) to test the correlation between direct and indirect measures of P-E fit such that the criterion-related validity of the four Q-sort profiles can be verified; (3) to test the individual relationships between four main types of P-E fit and their outcome criteria so as to verify the criterion-related validity; (4) to understand the overall and relative impacts of four types of P-E fit on their outcomes; (5) to manifest the most desirable and undesirable organizational culture, job contents, supervisor leadership behaviors, and workgroup characteristics of employees in Taiwan. Thus, the four Q-sort profiles (i.e., condensed OCP, Job Characteristics Profile, Supervisor Leadership Profile, and Workgroup Characteristics Profile) have been developed, and validated by two categories of criteria (i.e. direct measures and work0related outcomes). Despite that the correlation between indirect and direct measures of P-E fit is not significant, indirect measure of P-O, P-J, P-G, and P-S fit are significantly correlated with at least three work-related outcomes. Next, we test our hypotheses with a regression analysis, and the result reveals that P-O and P-S fit have strong impacts on their work-related outcomes, but the impacts of P-J and P-G fit are not salient. Finally, we present the preferences of employees in Taiwan through their own rankings.

Employees with the right skills give competitive advantages. It is therefore important to retain existing staff with the right skills but also to attract new talent. In the IT industry, there is currently lack of competence and the need will increase in the future. Companies that create a strong employer brand will perform better when it comes to the war of the talents. With the lack of competence in the labor market, the younger, more technologically skilled generation has developed an unfair attitude towards employers who desperately try to persuade competent people to choose their company through generous job offers. The employers must work on their employer brand to seem more attractive to employees and potential employees in order to attract, retain, develop and motivate them to choose or stay at the company. The purpose of this paper is to create an understanding of motivation, talent acquisition and employee retention in markets where there is a lack of specialized personnel. Motivation is achieved through internal and external attributes, where internal motivation is created by work satisfaction while external motivation is fulfilled by monetary and material motivational factors. Talent acquisition involves a clear recruitment strategy where the company's brand is used as an attraction channel of a certain skill and personality. It also applies to retaining talent within the company through employee retention where a stimulating and evolving employment experience is maintained by the company. The essay shows that young people in the IT industry are well aware of the lack of competence and make their demands accordingly. They want a high level of workplace flexibility to balance jobs and private life, as well as independence in the way they solve tasks. Furthermore, they want the freedom to choose work equipment as this is central to their daily work. Development opportunities such as attending conferences are valued as one of the crucial factors in choosing employers. If the younger generation's personal values as well as sustainability and ethical views do not match the company's actions, it will most likely lead them to leave the company in the long term. / Anställda med rätt kompetens ger konkurrensfördelar. Det är därför viktigt att behålla befintlig personal med hög kompetens men också att attrahera nya talanger. Inom IT-branschen råder det i dagsläget brist på kompetens och behovet kommer öka i framtiden. Företag som skapar starka arbetsgivarvarumärken kommer klara sig bättre än företag med ett svagt när det kommer till kriget om talangerna. Den yngre mer teknologiskt skickliga generationen har i och med kompetensbristen utvecklat en mer illojal attityd mot arbetsgivare som desperat försöker övertala kompetenta personer att välja deras företag genom generösa anställningserbjudanden. Arbetsgivaren måste marknadsföra sig till medarbetare och potentiella anställda för att attrahera, behålla, utveckla och motivera dem att välja eller stanna kvar på företaget. Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för motivation, talent acquisition och employee retention på marknader där det råder brist på specialiserad personal. Motivation uppnås genom inre och yttre attribut, där inre attribut är det som skapas av en personlig arbetsglädje medan yttre attribut innebär monetära och materiella motivationsfaktorer. Talent acquisition innebär en tydlig rekryteringsstrategi där företagets varumärke utnyttjas som attraktionskanal av en viss kompetens och personlighet. Det gäller även att behålla talang inom företaget genom employee retention där en stimulerande och utvecklande anställningsupplevelse ska upprätthållas av företaget. Uppsatsen visar att unga inom IT-branschen är väl medvetna om kompetensbristen och ställer sina krav utefter detta. De vill ha en hög flexibilitet i sitt arbetsschema för att kunna balansera jobb och privatliv, samt självständighet i sättet de löser arbetsuppgifter. Vidare vill de ha friheten att välja arbetsutrustning då detta är centralt för deras dagliga arbete. Utvecklingsmöjligheter som exempelvis att få delta vid konferenser värderas som en av de avgörande faktorerna vid val av arbetsgivare. Om den yngre generationens personliga värderingar samt hållbarhets- och etiska synpunkter inte stämmer överens med företagets agerande kommer det med stor sannolikhet leda till att de lämnar företaget på sikt.

This research thesis has researched about how employer branding and its relationship to person - organization fit. It focuses on personality traits of applicants and how it can impact their attractiveness of the organization advertised in job adverts. The purpose of this research thesis is to explain what relationship employer branding via job advertisements has when it comes to establishing P - O fit. In this case between future business students and organizations. The thesis had a deductive approach a cross - sectional research design was applied. A quantitative research method (logistic regression) was used and came from primary data. The research findings show that employer branding has a positive relationship to creating attractiveness of firms and also has an impact upon person-organization fit. Our findings also indicated that personality characteristics is hard to categorize in order to see what specifically in employer value proposition can attract a specific employee preference. The limitations were the number of respondents, a larger sample unit could have impacted the results more. Also, using a qualitative method in terms of semiotics could give a more detailed output on respondents’ personality traits. The original value of the research thesis is that it focused specifically on business students and to what degree employer value proposition is related to person-organization fit.

This research explored the thesis that organizational personality is related to applicants’ attraction to an organization through a process which involves need motivation, expectancy beliefs, and applicants’ perceptions of person-organization fit. Organizational personality may be defined as a collection of trait-like characteristics that individuals use to describe organizational practices, policies, values, and culture. Specifically, this research investigated the hypothesis that organizational personality information is useful to applicants because it helps individuals to determine their perceptions of fit. A sample of students (N = 198) and working adults (N = 198) participated in an online experiment. Findings indicated that individuals’ beliefs about the instrumentality of desirable work related outcomes are essential to determining their perceptions of fit and organizational attraction. Additionally, organizational personality perceptions interacted with need motivation to affect perceptions of fit and organizational attraction. For instance, perceptions of fit mediated the influence of the interaction between need for achievement and perceptions of innovativeness on organizational attraction. The interaction of need motivation and perceptions of organizational personality helped individuals to better determine their perceptions of fit and subsequent attraction toward organizations.

The evaluation of the transition experiences of veterans to civilian life was conducted. The military to civilian transition (MCT) framework along with theories covering organizational, identity, and systems streams of research situated the study. A mixed methods approach was conducted in two phases: a 28-item survey and 1.5-hour interviews, which helped contextualize and explain survey findings. The multiple regression procedure examined the relationship among three variables: person-organization fit, military identity, and organizational commitment with military identity was included as a moderator. Results indicated a positive relationship between person-organization fit and organizational commitment. Contrariwise, results indicated military identity's relationship between the variables was found to be not statistically significant. Although the moderation effect of military identity was not found to influence the relationships, interviews with veterans indicated a strong connection to their military identity. Veterans shared negative and unpredictable transition stories, positive transition stories, feelings of isolation, and held prevailing military goals, while reporting a lack of backing from support agencies. Veterans perceived differences between the military and civilian environments, veteran turnover and organizational commitment were found to connect and military values and military identity were found to have connections as well. Recommendations for improving military to civilian setting transitions for veterans, civilians, and support agencies are presented. A new system of transition is proposed with the intention of improving the veteran experience as they enter the workforce. Future research and limitations to the research outcomes are also supplied.

本研究旨在探討國民中學教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為影響之研究，並探究組織承諾在個人與組織適配與組織公民行為之間是否具有中介變項的效果。本研究採用問卷調查法，以苗栗縣共29 所國民中學教師為樣本母群體，採分層隨機抽樣，抽出364位受試者，回收有效問卷286份，所得資料分別以描述性統計、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差關係、迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料的分析與處理，以瞭解國民中學教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為之現況、差異情形及其預測力。研究結論如下： 一、苗栗縣國民中學教師個人與組織適配屬中上程度，以「個人與同事適配度」最高。 二、苗栗縣國民中學教師組織承諾屬中上程度，以「情感性承諾」最高。 三、苗栗縣國民中學教師組織公民行為屬中上程度，以「對學生之公民行為」最高。 四、本校服務年資及學校規模在教師個人與組織適配上有顯著差異。 五、學校規模在組織承諾上有顯著差異。 六、學校規模在組織公民行為上有顯著差異。 七、教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為具顯著相關與預測。 八、教師組織承諾在個人與組織適配與組織公民行為間具有部份中介效果。 最後依據研究結果與結論，提出具體建議，以作為教育行政機關、國民中學校長、教師以及未來研究的參考。 關鍵詞：個人與組織適配、組織承諾、組織公民行為