The purpose of this study is to determine the personal values systems of senior restaurant managers and what differences there are among the following values; gender, marital status, level of education, country awarding the highest degree, major field of study, income and size of organization.

Educational technology has been proven to potentially impact higher education institutions, but the true extent of this potential often remains vague. In times when higher education and research become increasingly relevant for the economic welfare of society, research supervision itself emerges as an important field of research. This qualitative research investigates the teachers’ view and approaches to the use of educational technology during the research supervision process of undergraduate and graduate students at the Jönköping University. Through the application of the TPACK framework in higher education, we gained a better understanding of the teachers’ personal values when using educational technologies in their supervision process. Furthermore, we are contributing an empirical example of a TPACK application in higher education while shedding light on the decision-making of supervisors when using or not using educational technology. We conducted seven interviews with research supervisors and answered the questions of (1) how educational technology is used during research supervision and (2) why educational technology is used or not used during the supervision process. The findings showed five main use cases for educational technology. We observed that supervisors mostly used educational technology when collaborating with their students whereas they preferred a more analog or hybrid approach to technology for executing individual tasks like reading and commenting. Educational technology has a supporting role for supervisors, and it is creating personal value to them through convenience, reading comfort, increased efficiency and effectiveness. For further research we suggest investigating how the personal value for teachers can be accounted for in the existing TPACK framework, and the possible benefits the application of the original or an extended version of the TPACK framework has for the field of information system research.

The health care industry is undergoing significant change, particularly with the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March of 2010. Using the Rokeach Value survey, the value priorities of the insured and uninsured respondents were assessed. The value priorities were also evaluated for the demographics of gender, ethnicity, education, income, and age group. The terminal value of health was culled out as a moderator variable relative to its influence in the decision to seek health care coverage. The most significant contribution of this study reveals an increased understanding of consumer value preferences and demographics and their influence on health care coverage choices. In turn, it advances personal value theory in a health care context and its implications to behavior and decision-making. The results establish the role of health as a significant moderator variable in the decision process. These findings reveal a multitude of insights, not only for the academic researcher, but for practitioners and policymakers alike who are commissioned to execute the new health care reform bill over the next several years. As health care reform is implemented over the next several years, a combination of legislative and market-based solutions will be necessary to curtail the rising number of the uninsured, and ensure there are parity, equity, and morality in the distribution of health care for all Americans.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have become increasingly prevalent in modern society, with multiple companies pursuing avenues to advance technology. Despite the promises of safer driving, mitigating accidents and reducing stress, mixed opinions exist on the reliability and trustworthiness of the technology. While many factors form opinions regarding AVs, the component of personal values in AV discourse has not been well-documented. This research focuses on understanding which personal values are most prominent in AV discourse and how individuals prioritize these personal values. We studied two AV-focused data sources to gain perspective: 24 TED Talk transcripts and 20,000 Reddit user posts. Next, we scored the prevalence of personal values using the Personal Values Dictionary (PVD). Our results found that self-direction, achievement, power, stimulation, and conformity had an overall positive inclination in AV discourse. However, we also found value conflicts between both data sets, indicating a potential dissonance between professional opinions and those of typical consumers. Our findings provide insight into values literature and issues consumers bring up when discussing or adopting AVs. Our research on value conflicts can also link to consumers' potential adoption of AVs. Thus, we provide potentially useful perspectives for companies to address these concerns directly in their AV production, advertising, and design philosophies.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore the personal value systems of Jordanian managers; (2) to examine the relationship between the personal values of Jordanian managers and their behavior (i.e., decision making); and (3) to compare the personal value systems of Jordanian and American managers. To achieve the first and the second objectives, England's (1967) Personal Value Questionnaire (PVQ) and the Behavioral Measurement Questionnaire have been respectively utilized. To achieve the final objective, the behavioral relevance scores derived from this study are compared with those in England's (1975) study. Finally, demographic and organizational data are used to describe the characteristics of Jordanian managers and serve as covariates in the statistical analysis. In reference to the statistical techniques, England's scoring methodology, factor analysis and multiple regression, are used to determine the relationship between the personal value systems of Jordanian managers and their behavior (i.e., decisionmaking). England's (1975) "rule of thumb" (adjusted to 15 percent difference) and the Chisguare test are used to test the significant differences between the personal value systems of the Jordanian and American respondents. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The primary value orientation of Jordanian managers responding to this study is moralistic in nature, while their secondary value orientation is pragmatic. Concerning the value profile, Jordanian managers have 34, 3, 8, and 21 concepts of the PVQ as operative, intended, adopted, and weak values respectively. Behavior relevance analysis indicates that Jordanian managers have emphasized certain value concepts which reflect their perception of economic need and their social value structure. 2. According to England's procedure, there is a qualified relationship between the personal values of Jordanian managers and their reported behavior, while there is a partial relationship according to factor analysis and multiple regression. 3. There are similarities and/or differences between the personal value systems of the two managerial groups linally, a summary of the findings, along with conclusions, implications, and suggestions are offered for individuals and organizations doing business in Jordan.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between personal value preferences (PVPs) and burnout among music therapists. A total of 450 board-certified music therapists participated in this study. Four hundred and twenty-one participants finished the survey partially and completely, and were analyzed with regard to demographic information (gender identity, years of work, worksites, weekly work hours, annual salary range). Three hundred and forty-three participants who completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-RR), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were subjected to non-parametric and linear regression analyses. Regarding the relationship between worksites and burnout, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to detect differences in burnout as a function of reported worksite and was found to be significant for Depersonalization. Post-hoc analyses using the Dunn-Bonferroni method found one pairwise difference: Those working in Psychiatric Hospitals report higher Depersonalization than those working in Private Practice/Agency settings. This would seem to suggest that some of the characteristics of the worksite might be related to the experience of burnout. A similar approach was used to detect differences in burnout as a function of reported salary range. The result was significant for Emotional Exhaustion; however, post-hoc tests revealed that no two salary ranges differ significantly from one another. Multiple regression was used to examine the extent to which years of work and weekly work hours are related to burnout. Findings suggest that both years of work and weekly work hours and burnout were statistically significant. Further analysis finds that years of work was negatively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, and positively correlated with Personal Accomplishment; and weekly work hours was positively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Although the results are statistically significant, the practical use of these findings may be limited because of the relatively small amount of variance explained by the overall model and individually by years of work and weekly work hours. Finally, multiple regression was conducted to examine the relationship between PVPs and burnout. Results suggest that PVPs as a group are related to Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Specifically, Self-Transcendence is negatively related to Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and positively related to Personal Accomplishment; Self-Enhancement is positively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization and negatively correlated with Personal Accomplishment; Openness to Change is negatively correlated to Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, and positively correlated to Personal Accomplishment; and Conservation is positively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion and negatively with Depersonalization and Personal Achievement. These findings as well as implications for future research and implications are explored further.

Psychodynamic therapy (PDT) and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are the main Therapeutic Orientations (TO) in Sweden and this study aims to explore the relationship between psychologists personal value preferences and their inclination toward PDT/CBT. Furthermore, the study explored if there is a tendency to explicitly appreciate one TO and depreciate the other (explicit bias) and additionally, if that tendency is associated with personal value preferences. Participants consisted of a voluntary response sample of clinical psychologists in Sweden (N = 151). The subjects answered an online survey advertised in the largest Swedish group for psychologists only on a social network. The survey was comprised from three already existing questionnaires (Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ57), Therapeutic orientation questionnaire (TOQ-R) and Therapeutic orientation- and experiences questionnaire (TOES). Results showed that inclination toward CBT was significantly associated with the personal value preferences security and power and that there was a clear tendency of explicit bias. The sample was skewed toward appreciating CBT and depreciating PDT and the personal value preference benevolence was higher for the unbiased group than it was for the biased group. This study shows accordance with previous research with the exception of there being less extensive differences regarding personal value preferences and inclination towards TO. / Psykodynamisk terapi (PDT) och kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) är de mest tillämpade terapiorienteringarna (TO) i Sverige och denna studie syftar till att utforska sambandet mellan psykologers personliga värderingspreferenser och deras benägenhet för PDT/KBT. Därtill utforskas huruvida det finns en tendens att uttryckligen uppskatta den ena TO och nedvärdera den andra (explicit bias) och dessutom, om den tendensen är förknippad med personliga värderingspreferenser. Deltagarna bestod av ett frivilligt svarsurval av kliniska psykologer i Sverige (N = 151). Försökspersonerna svarade på en webbenkät som hänvisades till i den största sociala nätverksgruppen för svenska psykologer. Undersökningen använde sig av tre redan existerande frågeformulär. Webbenkäten bestod av tre redan existerande frågeformulär: Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ57), Therapeutic orientation questionnaire (TOQ-R) and Therapeutic orientation- and experiences questionnaire (TOES). Resultaten visade att en benägenhet för KBT var signifikant förknippad med personliga värderingspreferenserna säkerhet och makt samt att det fanns en tydlig tendens till explicit bias. Urvalet lutade mot att uppskatta KBT och nedvärdera PDT samt att personliga värderingspreferensen välvilja var högre för gruppen bland psykologer utan bias än de med hög bias. Denna studie visar överensstämmelse med tidigare forskning, men uppvisar mindre skillnader vad gäller personliga värderingspreferenser och föredragen TO.

Values, especially the value of education, can be called a timeless theme. Changing historical periods brought about changes in the concept of educational value. Originating in Ancient Greece, the concept of educational value is as relevant as ever even today. This paper is devoted to this topic. In the Introduction - theoretical part - we aimed to look at the common values from the perspective of different disciplines. The following part discusses such terms as the system of values, its hierarchy and value orientation. This thesis also focuses on socialization and transmission of values, mostly in the family. This inherently includes parent-child relationships and educational styles. We did not avoid the issues of perceptions of moral standards specific to adolescents, their choice of vocational preparation etc. Also mentioned are the concepts related to education and educating. In the practical part, we discuss research methodology, conducting the interviews and their coding according to predetermined criteria. After this analysis, the thesis deals with the comparison of personal students' testimonies across individual classes as well as entire schools. The results of the research are presented in the Conclusion, which summarizes and compares the general and personal views on the value of...

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В условиях того, что в современном мире научные достижения влияют и все в большей степени определяют человеческое существование, представляется, что созданный искусственный интеллект не будет исключением. Существуют основания полагать, что искусственный разум окажет наиболее сильное, до сих пор невиданное влияние на развитие социума. В связи с этим ученые и философы посвящают свои труды рассмотрению экзистенциальных рисков, связанных с созданием искусственного интеллекта и вырабатывают стратегии, предотвращающие возникновения таковых рисков. Однако не менее важно заниматься анализом того, какое место автономный искусственный агент способен занять в нашем мире, какую ценность, помимо инструментальной, он может нести в себе. Возможно ли признать за искусственным агентом личность, и способен ли искусственный интеллект на построение моральных отношений. Объектом исследования является теория искусственного интеллекта. Предметом исследования является морально-этический аспект теории искусственного интеллекта. Цель работы – установить, может ли ИИ в теоретическом плане обладать морально-личностной ценностью и проанализировать, в каких случаях достаточно оставить за ИИ инструментальную ценность. Методы, применяемые в исследовании: анализ, сравнение, герменевтический метод. Новизна данной диссертационной работы заключается в том, что в ней освящен вопрос о возможностях установления отношений морально-личностного уровня с ИИ. В результате исследования установлено, что искусственный интеллект в теоретическом плане может обладать морально-личностной ценностью. Искусственный интеллект, наделенный не только теоретическим, но и практическом разумом, обладающий автономией в решениях действовать, имеющий рациональные основания для поступков и способный нести за них ответственность был назван искусственным интеллектом морально-личностного уровня (ИИМЛУ). Кроме того, было установлено, что как в случае слабого ИИ, так и в случае сверхразума не имеет смысла говорить о морально-личностной ценности ИИ. Данные виды ИИ способны обладать лишь инструментальную ценность в человеческом обществе. / In the context of the fact that in the modern world scientific achievements influence and increasingly determine human existence, it seems that the created artificial intelligence will not be an exception. There are reasons to believe that the artificial intelligence will have the strongest, so far unseen influence on the development of the society. In this regard, scientists and philosophers devote their works to the consideration of existential risks associated with the creation of artificial intelligence and develop strategies that prevent the occurrence of such risks. However, it is equally important to analyze the place that an autonomous artificial agent can occupy in our world, what value, in addition to the instrumental, it can carry in itself. Is it possible to recognize a person in an artificial agent, and is artificial intelligence capable of building moral relations. The object of research work is the theory of artificial intelligence. The subject of the research work is the moral and ethical aspect of the theory of artificial intelligence. The purpose of the research work is to establish whether AI can theoretically possess moral and personal value and analyze in which cases it is enough to leave instrumental value for AI. The methods used in the research work: analysis, comparison, hermeneutic method. The novelty of this research work is that it discusses the question of the possibilities of establishing relations of moral and personal level with AI. As a result of the research it was established that artificial intelligence in the theoretical plan can have moral and personal value. Artificial intelligence, endowed with not only theoretical but also practical intelligence, possessing autonomy in decisions to act, having rational bases for actions and capable of being responsible for them, was called the artificial intellect of the moral-personal level (AIMPL). In addition, it was found that, as in the case of weak AI, and in the case of a superintelligence, it makes no sense to talk about the moral-personal value of AI. These types of AI can only have instrumental value in human society.