在現今多工、多角色而多刺激的工作環境中，人與人因為頻繁的接觸，使得部屬的情緒問題及其影響愈來愈受到組織所重視，其中，主管情緒協助扮演的角色舉足輕重，如何透過主管的行為影響部屬，進而影響整個組織，對管理意涵而言尤其重要。立基於過去情緒協助研究的認知概念，並以資源保存理論的觀點為基礎，本研究探討主管情緒協助的行為層面的內涵與分類，是如何保存與增加部屬的個人資源，而透過資源的變動，對部屬的主觀幸福感與工作疲勞狀況所產生的影響，另外，根據廣義的社會衝擊理論，試圖理解部屬權力距離傾向可能扮演的調節角色。本研究將採問卷調查法施測，第一階段共回收226份問卷，第二階段發放給226位第一階段的填答者，共回收線上問卷152份，因此，共回收有效線上問卷152份，有效回收率約為67%，研究結果顯示，在高部屬權力距離傾向調節的情況下，主管情緒協助會降低個人資源，使其主觀幸福感降低、工作疲勞上升，而在低部屬權力距離傾向調節的情況下，主管情緒協助會提升個人資源，使其主觀幸福感上升、工作疲勞降低。最後，本研究針對研究結果進行討論，並對理論貢獻、實務意涵、研究限制，以及未來研究方向加以闡述。 / The working environments nowadays are multi-work, multi-role and multi-stimulation. The emotion issue of employees is held in high regard today for organizations since people get in touch with each other more frequently. Among them, supervisors’ emotion helping plays an important role in this situation. Moreover, how supervisors’ behaviors affect subordinates, followed by the impact on organization is crucial when it comes to leadership. Based on pervious cognitive knowledge of emotion helping related studies and conservation of resources theory, the main focus of this research is to examine whether supervisors’ emotion helping behaviors are associated with personal resources and the distinctive mediating mechanisms that may explain subordinates’ subjective well being and work fatigue, as well as the classification of emotion helping behaviors. Furthermore, understanding the moderating role of power distance orientation according to broad social impact theory. This study is conducted by questionnaire survey and received 152 replies from subordinates. The results indicated that personal resources mediated the relationship between emotion helping – subjective well-being and emotion helping – work fatigue while subordinate power distance orientation play a moderated role between emotion helping and personal resources. This study contributing to the implications for organizational researches and managerial practices. Furthermore, limitation and future direction were being discussed at the end of this paper.

This thesis deals with the legitimization of swimming in the selected children's home and school as a leisure activity. It defines the basic concepts to the topic with the help of case studies characteristics respondents, episodic interviews and field notes examines whether through the fitness swimming there could happen changes in the lifestyle of adolescents and if it corrects their behaviour. The aim of the research is to prove the above mentioned positive effects with the selected individuals and to legalize fitness swimming facilities in the same or similar types of organizations as a prevention of socially pathological phenomena.

Studien undersökte förekomsten av brottsligt beteende hos ungdomar i allmänhet och hur sociala och personliga resurser kan fungera som skydds- eller riskfaktorer i synnerhet samt vilka skillnader som finns mellan flickor och pojkar. Undersökningen gjordes på 1324 ungdomar i årskurs nio genom projektet LoRDIA. Data analyserades med t-test, Spearman's korrelationsanalys och hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys. Resultaten visade att den starkaste prediktorn för ungdomars brottsliga beteende var deras kamraters brottsliga beteende. Socialt välbefinnande visade sig vara en viktigare personlig resurs för flickorna när det handlade om att predicera brottsligt beteende. Psykologiskt välbefinnande var viktigare för pojkarna Överlag låg studiens resultat i linje med tidigare forskning. Avvikande resultat diskuterades. Undersökningen relaterades till möjlighetshorisonter och ungdomars uppfattning om vilka studie och yrkesval de stod inför. Slutligen föreslogs hur företag och branschorganisationer kan tänka och agera från studiens resultat. / The study examined the prevalence of criminal behavior among adolescents in general and how social and personal resources can act as protection or risk factors in particular and also what differences exist between girls and boys. The survey was conducted on 1324 youths in ninth grade through the LoRDIA project. Data was analyzed by t-test, Spearman's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the strongest predictor of young people's criminal behavior was peer delinquency. Social well-being turned out to be an important personal resource for the girls when it was about predicting criminal behavior and psychological well-being was important for the boys. While overall the results were in line with previous research, some divergent results were also discussed. The study was related to horizons of opportunities and to young people's perception of the educational and career choices they faced. Finally ways for companies and organizations to think and act on the results of the study were suggested.

La santé psychologique en emploi s’avère un sujet d’intérêt au Québec vu ses nombreuses retombées importantes sur les travailleurs et les organisations. Parmi les différents secteurs d’activités, les travailleurs du milieu de l’éducation, plus spécifiquement les directions d’établissement scolaire, présentent un état de santé psychologique moindre que la population générale. Des responsabilités professionnelles composées de conflits relationnels et d’une surcharge de travail engendrent un coût psychologique pour ces travailleurs. Il s’avère donc important d’identifier les moyens qui permettront d’améliorer et de maintenir une bonne santé psychologique. Le modèle des demandes ressources de l’emploi avance que les ressources interagissent avec les demandes de manière à réduire l’effet négatif de ces dernières sur la santé psychologique en emploi. La thèse aura pour objectif de valider l’effet protecteur de certaines ressources en fonction des principales causes de mauvaise santé des directions d’établissement scolaire. En effet, certaines ressources seraient plus appropriées en fonction des caractéristiques de l’emploi. En considérant que leur état de santé psychologique est principalement engendré par les conflits relationnels et la surcharge de travail vécue en emploi, les habiletés politiques et le sentiment d’efficacité personnel ont été retenus comme ressource. En effet, les études antérieures montrent que posséder un niveau élevé d’habiletés politiques protégerait des difficultés relationnelles, alors que le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle s’avérait utile face à une grande charge de travail. Sous cette perspective, le premier article vise à étudier la structure factorielle des dimensions de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’un poste de gestion et plus particulièrement de directions d’établissement scolaire. Une étude antérieure réalisée auprès de gestionnaires montre que l’outil se déploie en cinq facteurs chez cette population. Les constats indiquent que l’outil se déploie en quatre facteurs pour une population de directions d’établissement scolaire, tel que l’outil original validé auprès d’une population non-cadre. Le deuxième article valide le rôle des habiletés politiques comme ressources personnelles pour minimiser l’effet néfaste des conflits interpersonnels sur la santé psychologique en emploi, en concordance avec le modèle demande ressource de l’emploi. Le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle sera également considéré comme étant une ressource personnelle pour contrer l’effet des demandes de l’emploi sur la santé psychologique en emploi. Les résultats constatent que seulement la dimension des habiletés politiques, astuce sociale, modère la relation entre l’anxiété et les demandes de l’emploi. / Psychological health at work is a subject of interest in Quebec because of is many important repercussions on workers and organizations. Among the different sectors of activity, workers in the education sector, more specifically school principals, have a lower level of psychological health than the general population. Professional responsibilities composed of relational conflicts and overwork, generate a psychological cost for these workers. It is therefore important to identify ways to improve and maintain good psychological health. The Employment Resource Requests model suggests that resources interact with demands to reduce the negative impact of demands on psychological health in employment. The aim of the thesis will be to validate the protective effect of certain resources according to the main causes of poor health of school management. Indeed, some resources would be more appropriate depending on the characteristics of the job. Considering that their psychological state of health is mainly caused by relational conflicts and the overload of work experienced in employment, political skills and the feeling of personal efficiency were retained as resources. Indeed, previous studies show that having a high level of political skills would protect relational difficulties, while the feeling of self-efficacy proved useful in the face of a large workload. From this perspective, the first article aims to study the factorial structure of the dimensions of the inventory of political skills in a management position and more specifically school management. An earlier study of managers shows that the tool is deployed in five factors in this population. The findings indicate that the tool is deployed in four factors for a population of principals, such as the original tool validated with a non-executive population. The second article validates the role of political skills as a personal resource to minimize the adverse effect of interpersonal conflict on psychological health in employment, in line with the employment demand model. Self-efficacy will also be considered as a personal resource to counter the effect of job demands on psychological health in employment. The results find that only the dimension of political skills, social trick, moderates the relationship between anxiety and job demands.