El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la posibilidad de admitir la viabilidad de la actividad minera en territorio indígena en el Perú con el fin de estimular y conciliar el desarrollo de un país minero e indígena que, por un lado, precisa de los recursos naturales y, por el otro, necesita de proteger, fomentar e salvaguardar la integridad de los pueblos indígenas que la conforman. En ese sentido, en busca de resultados, primero se pasó a delimitar la organización indígena como sistema social diferenciado en un Estado Multicultural, así como se analizó la importancia de la protección y garantía del respeto a las instituciones indígenas en un Estado de Derecho, en conformidad con los Convenios 169-OIT, la DUNDPI y los precedentes constitucionales del TC peruano. Tal análisis también tuvo en consideración los datos oficiales de la situación indígena en el Perú, según el INEI y la DP. De esa forma, se desarrolló la tesis del misterio del capital indígena propuesto por el ILD, presidida por el economista Hernando de Soto, intentando responder el porqué de los pueblos indígenas peruanos están estancados en el subdesarrollo por la omisión en el reconocimiento del derecho de propiedad de sus territorios. Conforme a las realidades e posiciones sobre las cuestiones indígenas, se analizó la viabilidad de la asociación empresarial entre los agentes económicos del sector minero y los pueblos indígenas con la finalidad de extraer los recursos minerales sosteniblemente en los TIs, teniendo como ideal sobre la asociación la generación de renta y recursos económicos a favor de estos pueblos para que puedan satisfacer sus demandas y necesidades sociales con el fin de alcanzar el desarrollo deseado y el bienestar general en base al principio de la dignidad humana. Esta última posición será desarrollada según la situación actual de las instituciones en el Perú, en conformidad con las teorías de desarrollo como libertad por Amartya Sen en conformidad con las experiencias de la minería en territorios indígenas canadienses y australianos. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T12:41:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ricardo Antonio Serrano Osorio.pdf: 1982549 bytes, checksum: cd5f140edbffa71e9943cae33326ac08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T12:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ricardo Antonio Serrano Osorio.pdf: 1982549 bytes, checksum: cd5f140edbffa71e9943cae33326ac08 (MD5) / The present study aims to examine the possibility of allowing the feasibility of mining in Peru indigenous territory in order to stimulate and reconcile the development of a mining and indigenous country on the one hand, requires natural resources and on the other, you need to protect, promote and safeguard the integrity of indigenous peoples within it. In that sense, looking for results, first came to define the indigenous organization as a social system in a State Multicultural differentiated and analyzed the importance of protecting and ensuring respect for indigenous institutions in the rule of law in accordance with ILO Conventions 169, the constitutional precedents DUNDPI and Peruvian TC. Such analysis also took into consideration the official data indigenous situation in Peru, according to INEI and DP. Thus, the thesis developed the mystery of indigenous capital proposed by the ILD, chaired by economist Hernando de Soto, trying to answer the why of indigenous Peruvians mired in underdevelopment by the omission in the recognition of property rights their territories. According to the realities and positions on indigenous issues, we analyzed the viability of the business association between economic agents in the mining sector and indigenous peoples in order to extract mineral resources sustainably in the TIs, taking as an ideal on the association's income generation and economic resources for these people so they can meet their demands and social needs in order to achieve the desired development and well-being based on the principle of human dignity. This position will be developed according to the current situation in Peru institutions, in accordance with the theories of Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen in accordance with the experience of mining in indigenous territories Canadians and Australians.

Orientador: Alberto Tsuyoshi Ikeda / Banca: Gisela Pupo Nogueira / Banca: Dilma de Melo Silva / Resumo: A partir da obra do violonista peruano Félix Casaverde, o presente trabalho disserta sobre as diversas tensões que perpassam o trabalho do referido músico e seu contexto político e cultural. Desde uma abordagem crítica das relações de poder na música, revisamos alguns aspectos da convivência social, atravessados pelas definições de racismo, discriminação e exclusão, que delimitaram a construção das alteridades na cidade de Lima, a capital do Peru, entre finais do século XIX e grande parte do século XX. Nesse marco histórico, apresentamos os conceitos de "Peru negro" e "Negro do Peru" com os quais comentamos o chamado "renascimento" afroperuano da década de 1950 e seus vínculos com os conceitos de negritude e afrodescendência influenciados, principalmente, pelos movimentos dos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos. No final, tenta-se traçar um elo entre as questões expostas ao longo da pesquisa e o relato contextualizado das músicas que povoam a memória do violonista. A análise da suíte composta por ele, Cuatro Tiempos Negros Jóvenes, se propõe como exemplo prático de sua síntese artística e política, em resposta aos sentidos e escalas de valor da interpretação e a estética cultural-musical do seu tempo. / Abstract: This dissertation elaborates on the various political and cultural tensions pervading the work of Peruvian guitarist Felix Casaverde. From a critical view of power relationships in music, I discuss aspects of social life crossed by definitions of racism, discrimination and exclusion, to delimit the construction of otherness in Lima, from the late nineteenth century through much of the twentieth. At this historic period, I will introduce the concepts of "Black Peru" and "Black of Peru" through which I will comment on the so-called afroperuvian "renaissance" in 1950s and its links to the concepts of blackness and African ancestry defined by the influence of the civil rights movements in United States. Finally, I attempt to draw a bridge between the issues explored during the research and a contextualized account of the songs in the memory of the guitarist. The analysis of a suite composed by him, Cuatro tiempos negros jóvenes, is proposed as a practical example of the way in which his artistic synthesis and policy were challenged by the meanings and value scales of cultural-musical interpretation and aesthetics of his time. / Mestre

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la posibilidad de admitir la viabilidad de la actividad minera en territorio indígena en el Perú con el fin de estimular y conciliar el desarrollo de un país minero e indígena que, por un lado, precisa de los recursos naturales y, por el otro, necesita de proteger, fomentar e salvaguardar la integridad de los pueblos indígenas que la conforman. En ese sentido, en busca de resultados, primero se pasó a delimitar la organización indígena como sistema social diferenciado en un Estado Multicultural, así como se analizó la importancia de la protección y garantía del respeto a las instituciones indígenas en un Estado de Derecho, en conformidad con los Convenios 169-OIT, la DUNDPI y los precedentes constitucionales del TC peruano. Tal análisis también tuvo en consideración los datos oficiales de la situación indígena en el Perú, según el INEI y la DP. De esa forma, se desarrolló la tesis del misterio del capital indígena propuesto por el ILD, presidida por el economista Hernando de Soto, intentando responder el porqué de los pueblos indígenas peruanos están estancados en el subdesarrollo por la omisión en el reconocimiento del derecho de propiedad de sus territorios. Conforme a las realidades e posiciones sobre las cuestiones indígenas, se analizó la viabilidad de la asociación empresarial entre los agentes económicos del sector minero y los pueblos indígenas con la finalidad de extraer los recursos minerales sosteniblemente en los TIs, teniendo como ideal sobre la asociación la generación de renta y recursos económicos a favor de estos pueblos para que puedan satisfacer sus demandas y necesidades sociales con el fin de alcanzar el desarrollo deseado y el bienestar general en base al principio de la dignidad humana. Esta última posición será desarrollada según la situación actual de las instituciones en el Perú, en conformidad con las teorías de desarrollo como libertad por Amartya Sen en conformidad con las experiencias de la minería en territorios indígenas canadienses y australianos. / The present study aims to examine the possibility of allowing the feasibility of mining in Peru indigenous territory in order to stimulate and reconcile the development of a mining and indigenous country on the one hand, requires natural resources and on the other, you need to protect, promote and safeguard the integrity of indigenous peoples within it. In that sense, looking for results, first came to define the indigenous organization as a social system in a State Multicultural differentiated and analyzed the importance of protecting and ensuring respect for indigenous institutions in the rule of law in accordance with ILO Conventions 169, the constitutional precedents DUNDPI and Peruvian TC. Such analysis also took into consideration the official data indigenous situation in Peru, according to INEI and DP. Thus, the thesis developed the mystery of indigenous capital proposed by the ILD, chaired by economist Hernando de Soto, trying to answer the why of indigenous Peruvians mired in underdevelopment by the omission in the recognition of property rights their territories. According to the realities and positions on indigenous issues, we analyzed the viability of the business association between economic agents in the mining sector and indigenous peoples in order to extract mineral resources sustainably in the TIs, taking as an ideal on the association's income generation and economic resources for these people so they can meet their demands and social needs in order to achieve the desired development and well-being based on the principle of human dignity. This position will be developed according to the current situation in Peru institutions, in accordance with the theories of Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen in accordance with the experience of mining in indigenous territories Canadians and Australians.

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This paper examines the ways in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used by mining companies in Peru to minimize conflict between themselves and communities. It assesses the use of CSR at both the community and national levels, and concludes that there are important limitations to a reliance on the privatized management of social conflict. Most importantly, a reliance on corporations to manage conflict in which they themselves take part inherently limits the outcomes of this conflict for the communities to those which do not threaten the business interests of the companies. This paper further argues that the political organization of communities and the involvement of external actors in the conflict has an effect on the type of CSR policies enacted by the company. Thus, communities who are better organized, especially with the help of external actors, may achieve more favourable results from CSR-led negotiations with companies.

Artículo sustentado el 30 de Enero 2014 para la obtención del título profesional Médico Cirujano en la Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. / Artículo publicado el 27 de Abril de 2014 en la Revista Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (Oxford University Press). / Background: Gastroenteritis by rotavirus is responsible for approximately 810 annual deaths/year in children under 5 years in Peru and emerging rotavirus genotypes have led to concerns regarding cross-protection by the vaccines available. Moreover, there are no reports on the molecular-epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Peru Methodology: A total of 131 stool samples were obtained from children under 5 years old hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2012 in the Hospital Regional de Cajamarca, Peru. ELISA and RT-PCR techniques were performed for rotavirus detection. G and P typing of rotavirus-positive samples were obtained by semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR and sequencing was performed to confirm the PCR results. Results: Of the 117 samples available, 18.80% (22/117) tested positive for rotavirus by ELISA and 35.90% (42/117) by RT-PCR. Among the G-genotype identified, G9 in 35.71% (15/42) and G12 in 33.33% (14/42) were the most prevalent. With the most common combination being G12/P6 in 23.81% (10/42). Conclusions: A high prevalence of the G12/P6 genotype was detected. It is know that this genotype is not covered by the current vaccines available. More in depth studies are needed to know the current rotavirus genotypes presents in Peru.

Article / Military personnel deployed to the Amazon Basin are at high risk for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). We responded to an outbreak among Peruvian Army personnel returning from short-term training in the Amazon, conducting active case detection, lesion sample collection, and risk factor assessment. The attack rate was 25% (76/303); the incubation period was 2–36 weeks (median = 8). Most cases had one lesion (66%), primarily ulcerative (49%), and in the legs (57%). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (59/61 = 97%) and L. (V.) guyanensis (2/61 = 3%). Being male (risk ratio [RR] = 4.01; P = 0.034), not wearing long-sleeve clothes (RR = 1.71; P = 0.005), and sleeping in open rooms (RR = 1.80; P = 0.009) were associated with CL. Sodium stibogluconate therapy had a 41% cure rate, less than previously reported in Peru (70%; P < 0.001). After emphasizing pre-deployment education and other basic prevention measures, trainees in the following year had lower incidence (1/278 = 0.4%; P < 0.001). Basic prevention can reduce CL risk in deployed militaries.

Introduction: Bordetella pertussis is an important human pathogen that causes whooping cough (pertussis), an endemic illness responsible of significant morbidity and mortality, especially in infants and children. Worldwide, there are an estimated of 16 million cases of pertussis, resulting in about 195,000 child deaths per year. In Peru, pertussis is a major health problem that has been on the increase despite immunization efforts. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. pertussis among children under five years of age suspected to have whopping cough in Cajamarca, Peru. Methodology: Children diagnosed with whooping cough admitted to the Hospital Regional de Cajamarca from August 2010 to July 2013 were included. Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for B. pertussis culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Results: In 133 children, the pertussis toxin and IS481 gene were detected in 38.35% (51/133) of the cases by PCR, while only 9.02% (12/133) of the Bordetella cultures were positive. The most frequent symptoms in patients with positive B. pertussis were paroxysm of coughing 68.63% (35/51), cyanosis 56.86% (29/51), respiratory distress 43.14% (22/51), and fever 39.22% (20/51). Pneumonia and acute bronchial obstructive syndrome were present in 17.65% (9/51) and 13.72% (7/51) of the cases, respectively. Conclusions: B. pertussis is responsible for an important proportion of whooping cough in hospitalized children in Cajamarca. Epidemiologic surveillance programs for B. pertussis are essential in Peru, especially in children who could most benefit from the vaccine.

The painting Plaza Mayor de Lima de los Reinos de el Peru, año de 1680, which is held in the collection of the Museo de América in Madrid, presents an idealized image of social interaction in the Plaza Mayor with its depiction of people from a variety of social groups. Little is known surrounding the painting’s commission, and recent scholarship focuses primarily on the colonial architecture within the image. This thesis seeks to shift the scholarly dialogue by examining the depictions of the female figures within the painting. As this thesis will argue, both the portrayal of the female figures in different modes of dress and the location of the figures within the painting document the ways in which distinctions in race and economic class were understood in seventeenth-century Lima. By analyzing the dress and the positioning of the figures, the interactions of Europeans, West Africans, indigenous and mixed raced persons are revealed.