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Uso de sulfato de cobre e de zinco na biodeterioraçao da Catedral de San Francisco de Asis de Ayaviri - PeruSilva, Patricia Weckerlin e 10 December 2012 (has links)
Resumo: O presente trabalho estudou o efeito dos sulfatos de cobre e de zinco no controle da população de fungos e bactérias que causam biodeterioração em rochas traquitos e riodacitos da Catedral de San Francisco de Asis, cidade de Ayaviri, província de Melgar, Peru. Os objetivos propostos foram 1) estudar os efeitos do tratamento das rochas da Catedral por meio do uso de diferentes concentrações de sulfato de cobre e zinco, 2) estudos de isolamento, determinação e antibiograma de fungos biodegradadores. Este trabalho destina-se a contribuir com os profissionais que atuam na área da preservação de patrimônios históricos. O experimento foi conduzido em três paredes da Catedral de Ayaviri construídas em rochas magmáticas traquitos e riodacitos. Foram retiradas amostras após 24 horas e 7 dias da aplicação dos tratamentos à base de sulfato de cobre e zinco em diferentes concentrações, procedeu-se à tomada de amostras da rocha inoculadas em meio de martin líquido. Sete dias após a incubação, procedeu-se à contagem dos microrganismos utilizando a técnica do número mais provável (NMP), para verificação do efeito dos tratamentos na população de microrganismos. Não houve diferença da testemunha para as amostras em que foram aplicados os tratamentos, após 24 horas e 7 dias. Para complementação dos dados foi realizado um antibiograma que apresentou controle fungistático para microrganismos estudados e foram repicados em placas contendo meio de martin sólido. As colônias foram isoladas e repicadas em tubos de ensaio inclinados contendo o meio de cultura Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Posteriormente foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Coleção de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (RJ) para determinação. Os fungos oriundos da Catedral de Ayaviri foram determinadas como Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus versicolor. Mesmo com diferente eficácia, todos os tratamentos apresentaram-se viáveis na avaliação visual, já que não provocaram alteração da coloração original da rocha. Os resultados do antibiograma indicaram que os tratamentos com solução de sulfato de cobre a 3%, 5% e sulfato de cobre a 5% mais sulfato de zinco a 5% apresentaram valores estatisticamente iguais e ação fungistática para a preservação das rochas da Catedral, com exceção do tratamento sulfato de cobre 0,5%.
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O fenomeno Fujimori : a conjuntura que construiu um presidente : a experiencia eleitoral peruana de 1990Cesare Doria, Wilfredo Jose 29 August 1996 (has links)
Orientador: James Patrick Maher / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T19:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1996 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata da conjuntura política peruana de 1987 a 1990, que possibilitou a aparição política do Engenheiro Alberto Fujimori Fujimori e seu posterior triunfo eleitoral que o levou a ser eleito Presidente da República. Em base a testemunhos de outros personagens envolvidos nessa conjuntura, textos de alguns autores sobre o tema, pesquisas de opinião pública, dados encontrados em jornais peruanos da época e a observação direta do autor sobre os acontecimentos; os principais momentos do processo político são reconstruídos, verificando as reações do eleitorado peruano e a atuação das principais forças e figuras políticas em fatos ocorridos antes e durante a campanha eleitoral.
Na análise dos dados apresentados, encontramos várias circunstânciasconjunturais que permitem o triunfo eleitoral de Fujimori, principalmente, uma situação de crise no sistema de representação de partidos políticos no Peru e, intimamente relacionado com isto, uma forte rejeição do eleitorados peruano à classe política tradicional desse país / Abstract: This work deals with the peruvian political context of 1987 to 1990 which allowed for the polítical appearence of Engineer Alberto Fujimori Fujimori and his subsequent electorial triumph resulting in his election as President of the Republic. Based upon testimony of personalities involved in this context, texts of some authors about the theme, public opinion research, data from the Peruvian press during the epoch and direct observations of the researcher about the happenings; the principal moments of the political process are reconstructed, verifying the reactions of the peruvian electorate and the actuation of the principal political forces and figures in facts occuring before and during the electorial campaign. 'n the analysis of the data presented, we encountered varias contextual circumstances that permitted the electorial triumph of Fujimori. Principally, a situation of crisis in the system of representation of political parties in Peru and, intimately related to this, a strong rejection by the peruvian electorate of the traditional political class of this country / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas à Educação / Mestre em Educação
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Design conventions of Wari official garmentsMacQuarrie-Kent, Janet Diane January 1980 (has links)
The people of ancient Peru produced textiles four thousand years before the Spanish Conquest in 1532 A.D.. They used almost every known technique and created some of the world's most outstanding handwoven textiles. One of the most visually exciting groups are the finely woven interlocking tapestry tunics that served as the official garments of the Wari (Huari) culture (c.700-1000 A.D.).
The Wari maintained a highly organized social and economic state and its rigidity is manifested in the formal iconography and artistic conventions of their textiles. With sophisticated design principles and the masterful use of colour, however, the Wari counteracted the problems of monotony and repetition inherent in the strictly prescribed design of the garments.
Few of the existing Wari tunics have accompanying scientific provenience or grave associations and therefore little is known of their cultural role. An art historical approach, however, utilizing stylistic analysis breaks the barrier created by the sparse scientific documentation and facilitates the deciphering of design conventions.
Very little has been written specifically on Wari textiles. To date, the most important work is a brief article by Alan Sawyer. (Sawyer, 1963:27-38) In it he examines some of the complex design conventions and suggests a methodology for establishing a relative chronology. His methodology will be used in this study.
This thesis begins with an examination of the Wari culture based on well documented ceramic evidence and continues with a discussion of provenience (when known), distribution, technology and iconography of the textiles. The focus of this study is the use of design conventions. Examination of three major design conventions - lateral distortion, symmetry and colour usage - is followed by a comparative analysis and a discussion of relevant ceramic evidence.
Sawyer has divided Wari official garments into the following three types:
1. Type 1 - Paired elements
2. Type 2 - Composite motifs
3. Type 3 - Staff bearing anthropomorphic figures.
This thesis is primarily concerned with the first type. The sample for this study consists of 47 representative examples ranging from fragments to complete tunics of Type 1.
Through the examination of lateral distortion and the comparative analysis of relevant ceramic evidence and known textile provenience, a relative chronology can be proposed. It will be shown that it is possible to evaluate the design conventions of symmetry and colour usage to determine the rules governing their application. This in turn permits the identification of regional and temporal traits. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate
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GLOBALIZATION OF PERUVIAN NON TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT: TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION / Globalizace peruánských netradičních zemědělských produktů: Obchod s Evropskou uniíMontoya Caceres, Lorena January 2012 (has links)
Considering that all negotiation to sign a bilateral agreement with the European Union finished this year, this thesis project propose an strategy that will permit the growth of the exportation of non-traditional agricultural products from Peru to the European market. The strategy to define this proposal will be based on the analysis of the characteristics of both markets, their level of development and their export volumes in the last ten years. In addition there will be an analysis on their financial and investment methods with the purpose of promote an increment on the Peruvian exports.
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An analysis of income strategy in the central Andes of Peru /Vincent, Susan. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
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Velocity Structure of the Subducting Nazca Plate beneath central Peru as inferred from Travel Time AnomaliesNorabuena, Edmundo O. 01 December 1993 (has links)
Arrival times from intermediate-depth (110-150 km) earthquakes within the region of flat subduction beneath central Peru provide constraints on the geometry and velocity structure of the subducting Nazca plate. Hypocenters for these events, which are beneath the sub-andean and eastern Peruvian basins, were determined using a best-fitting onedimensional velocity-depth model with a 15-station digitally-recording network deployed in the epicentral region. For that model, P-wave travel times to coastal stations, about 6° trenchward, exhibit negative residuals of up to 4 seconds and have considerably more complexity than arrivals at the network stations.
The residuals at coastal stations are conjectured to result from travel paths with long segments in the colder, higher velocity subducting plate. Travel time anomalies were modeled by 3-D raytracing. Computed ray paths show that travel times to coastal stations for the eastern Peru events can be satisfactorilymodeled if velocities relative to the surrounding mantle are 6% lower within the uppermost slab (a 6 km thick layer composed of basaltic oceanic crust) and 8% higher within the cold peridotitic layer (which must be at least 44 km thick). Raytracing runs for this plate model show that "shadow zones" can occur if the source-slab-receiver geometry results in seismic rays passing through regions in which the slab undergoes significant changes in slope. Such geometries exist for seismic waves propagating to some coastal stations from sources located beneath the eastern Peruvian basin. Observed first-arrival times for such cases do in fact have less negative residuals than those for geometries which allow for \direct\ paths. Modeling such arrivals as trapped mode propagation through the high-velocity part of the plate produces arrival times consistent with those observed. / Master of Science
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The development of pre-Hispanic art forms in Peru : seen as an outgrowth of textile techniques and their influence upon art forms and depiction of symbolsMacKay, W. Iain January 1988 (has links)
Pre-Hispanic geometric art forms In Peru and the Andean Area are taken to be an outgrowth of textile techniques. Textiles and fibre arts predate ceramics by several millennia In the Central Andean Area. The artist who created these textiles developed an art style which was to go largely unaltered until the arrival of the Spaniards. The foundations of the Andean art form date to the Pre-ceramic. The restrictive, rather Inflexible nature of the warp and the weft of the cloth (the geometric grid) was to influence the methods of represention that were to follow. Geometric designs were well suited to fit Into the rigid framework. A series of conventions were developed for the representation of symbols. With the development of ceramics, there was leeway for a new style to come Into being. However, this was not to be the case. The potter borrowed extensively from the weaving tradition and Its associated styles (only in Moche times did the potter make a break the highly geometric style developed centuries before, and even then this break with tradition was a short lived one). The pre-Columbian artist often portrayed birds, cats, fish and reptiles. Many of these designs were used frequently and repeatedly throughout the centuries, but none, I would maintain. was represented as frequently as the double-headed serpent, and with so few variants. Andean art Is a truly distinctive art form; very different from European art, and through Its geometricity It conveyed and still conveys a totally different approach to nature and the world surrounding Andean man.
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Los objetos de mi afecto : la importancia del vestuario y "trastes mujeriles" en el mundo femenino en Lima de fines del siglo XVIIIFerradas Alva, Lissette Cristina 09 May 2011 (has links)
La presente investigación tiene como fin analizar el valor que tuvieron los objetos de uso femenino, para las limeñas de las postrimerías del siglo XVIII (cc. 7901800). Con este propósito, se estudia cómo se relacionan dichos artefactos con la dentidad femenina tanto en el espacio público, ajeno a su hogar, como en el privado, en la intimidad de este. Del mismo modo, se reflexiona en torno al concepto de honor femenino de la época y de cómo se articuló con la posesión de determinados objetos o prendas. Al mismo tiempo, se hace hincapié en lo concerniente a la intimidad femenina, y en cómo los objetos de uso personal se convierten muchas veces, en transmisores de interioridad e identidad de las mujeres. Así, se llega a la conclusión de que no fue solo el valor monetario de los diferentes objetos lo que los hizo preciados ante los ojos de las féminas de la época; sino que por el contrario, este se incrementa debido al componente de pertenencia, y el sentimentalismo, derivados del valor simbólico de los artefactos. / Tesis
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Imagem país na perspectiva dos turistas: o caso do PeruOrtiz, Victor Jesus Escobedo 15 July 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / The objective of this study was to identify the key aspects of the country image definition from the perspective of tourists, in a way that it can contribute to the creation of a country brand. The idea emerged with the interest of analyzing the concept of country brand and for that it was necessary to understand the concepts of country image and destination image. This work defines the country's image as all mental representations that the consumer has to process information about a place through long-time experiences. The destination image has the same principle of the country image, but can refer to other levels of geographical limits, as a city, a defined region and country. With the literature review on the country image was obtained 11 categories, which were used in the analysis phase of field research. As a way to identify the contents that define the concept, data were collected through interviews, using as a focal country Peru. 20 people was interviewed over 18 years who visited Peru as a tourist during the last six years, the ZMET method was used for interviews, since this technique is used to obtain or capture unconscious thoughts, attitudes and perceptions of respondents. From the results obtained by analysis of content, it is concluded that not all dimensions in theory is confirmed as first order, that is, there are dimensions that can be grouped to obtain a better representation of the concept. Therefore it proposes the following categories to assess the image of a country for tourism sector: 1) Socioeconomic and political environment; 2) General infrastructure; 3) Infrastructure for tourism, recreation and leisure; 4) Culture, history and arts; 5) Natural resources; 6) Technology; and 7) Country character. The other dimensions shown in theory are proposed as sub-dimensions of the indicated dimensions. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os aspectos centrais da definição da imagem país na perspectiva do turista, como parte de uma trajetória de construção da operacionalização do conceito e sua mensuração. A ideia emergiu com o interesse de analisar o conceito de marca país e, para tal, foi necessário entender os conceitos imagem país e imagem de destino. Neste trabalho se definiu a Imagem País como sendo todas aquelas representações mentais que o consumidor tem ao processar as informações sobre algum lugar resultantes de experiências ao longo do tempo. A imagem de destino tem o mesmo princípio da imagem país, mas pode se referir a outros níveis de delimitação geográfica, tais como, uma cidade, uma região delimitada e também um país. Com a revisão bibliográfica sobre a imagem país se obteve 11 dimensões, que foram usadas na fase de análise da pesquisa de campo. Como forma de identificar os conteúdos que definem o conceito foram coletados dados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, usando como país focal o Peru, que tem feito um trabalho de desenvolvimento de sua marca país desde 2009. Foram entrevistadas 20 pessoas com mais de 18 anos de idade que visitaram o Peru como turista nos últimos seis anos. Usou-se o método do Zmet de entrevista pelo fato desta técnica ser usada para obter ou capturar pensamentos inconscientes, atitudes e percepções dos informantes. A partir dos resultados obtidos pela análise de conteúdo, concluiu-se que nem todas as dimensões indicadas na teoria se confirmam como de primeira ordem, ou seja, há dimensões que podem ser agrupadas para obter uma melhor representação do conceito. Desta forma, se propõe as seguintes dimensões para representar a imagem de um país pela atividade econômica do turismo: 1) Ambiente socioeconômico e político; 2) Infraestrutura geral; 3) Infraestrutura para turismo, lazer e recreação; 4) Cultura, história e arte, 5) Recursos naturais; 6) Tecnologia e 7) Caráter do país. As demais dimensões apresentadas na teoria são propostas como sub-dimensões das dimensões indicadas.
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Félix Casaverde, violão negro: identidade e relações de poder na música da costa do PeruElias Llanos, Carlos Fernando [UNESP] 28 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
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eliasllanos_cf_me_ia.pdf: 1920822 bytes, checksum: fa28e4487bf14af464019b3916c6544b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A partir da obra do violonista peruano Félix Casaverde, o presente trabalho disserta sobre as diversas tensões que perpassam o trabalho do referido músico e seu contexto político e cultural. Desde uma abordagem crítica das relações de poder na música, revisamos alguns aspectos da convivência social, atravessados pelas definições de racismo, discriminação e exclusão, que delimitaram a construção das alteridades na cidade de Lima, a capital do Peru, entre finais do século XIX e grande parte do século XX. Nesse marco histórico, apresentamos os conceitos de “Peru negro” e “Negro do Peru” com os quais comentamos o chamado “renascimento” afroperuano da década de 1950 e seus vínculos com os conceitos de negritude e afrodescendência influenciados, principalmente, pelos movimentos dos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos. No final, tenta-se traçar um elo entre as questões expostas ao longo da pesquisa e o relato contextualizado das músicas que povoam a memória do violonista. A análise da suíte composta por ele, Cuatro Tiempos Negros Jóvenes, se propõe como exemplo prático de sua síntese artística e política, em resposta aos sentidos e escalas de valor da interpretação e a estética cultural-musical do seu tempo. / This dissertation elaborates on the various political and cultural tensions pervading the work of Peruvian guitarist Felix Casaverde. From a critical view of power relationships in music, I discuss aspects of social life crossed by definitions of racism, discrimination and exclusion, to delimit the construction of otherness in Lima, from the late nineteenth century through much of the twentieth. At this historic period, I will introduce the concepts of “Black Peru” and “Black of Peru” through which I will comment on the so-called afroperuvian “renaissance” in 1950s and its links to the concepts of blackness and African ancestry defined by the influence of the civil rights movements in United States. Finally, I attempt to draw a bridge between the issues explored during the research and a contextualized account of the songs in the memory of the guitarist. The analysis of a suite composed by him, Cuatro tiempos negros jóvenes, is proposed as a practical example of the way in which his artistic synthesis and policy were challenged by the meanings and value scales of cultural-musical interpretation and aesthetics of his time.
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