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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Contribution à l'étude de la continuité des traitements médicamenteux des patients lors de leur sortie de l'hôpital

Claeys, Coraline 16 December 2014 (has links)
La transition du patient entre les secteurs de soins est une période à haut risque de discontinuité de la prise en charge médicamenteuse. Les problèmes liés aux médicaments spécifiquement rencontrés résultent principalement de différences non expliquées entre les traitements médicamenteux documentés aux niveaux des différents sites de soins et/ou des différents professionnels de la santé, également appelés discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées. Leur survenue peut entrainer des préjudices pour le patient mais aussi une utilisation accrue des services de soins de santé et par conséquent une augmentation des coûts. <p><p>Dans ce contexte, la première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la mise au point d’un instrument valide et fiable permettant de caractériser les discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées lors de la sortie de l’hôpital. Il s’avère particulièrement bien approprié pour la recherche ou pour la familiarisation à la problématique. La deuxième partie de ce travail a permis de mettre en œuvre cet outil dans une situation clinique réelle. Une étude prospective d’observation incluant des patients recevant les soins usuels (groupe contrôle) et des patients pris en charge par des pharmaciens cliniciens (groupe intervention) a été réalisée. L’intervention des pharmaciens cliniciens comportait la réalisation d’une conciliation médicamenteuse à l’admission et à la sortie de l’hôpital. La conciliation médicamenteuse est un processus structuré pendant lequel le professionnel de santé collabore avec le patient, la famille et les proches pour s’assurer qu’une information correcte et exhaustive sur les médicaments est communiquée lors de la transition du patient entre les secteurs de soins. Elle consiste en la vérification (collecte d’un historique médicamenteux correct et l’identification des discordances médicamenteuses), la clarification (s’assurer que les médicaments et la posologie sont appropriés), la conciliation (documentation de chaque changement de médicament et éducation du patient à ce sujet) et finalement le transfert d’information aux autres professionnels de santé. Les résultats montrent que l’intervention des pharmaciens cliniciens diminue le risque de discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées après la sortie de l’hôpital. De plus, la satisfaction des patients vis à vis de l’information sur les médicaments prescrits à la sortie est significativement plus élevée dans le groupe pris en charge par le pharmacien clinicien. Cependant, aucun impact n’a été montré sur l’utilisation des services de soins (visites aux urgences et réadmission à l’hôpital) dans le mois après la sortie. Finalement, la dernière partie de ce travail a permis de développer une information sur les médicaments destinée aux pharmaciens d’officine à la sortie de l’hôpital du patient. Une étude prospective a évalué l’effet de la remise de cette information, dénommée feuille de transfert, par le pharmacien clinicien au patient. Une enquête en ligne ouverte à tous les pharmaciens d’officine a par ailleurs évalué leurs besoins en information. Il a été observé que la communication d’une feuille de transfert contenant des informations sur le traitement médicamenteux à la sortie de l’hôpital présente un réel intérêt pour le pharmacien d’officine. Ces informations vont en effet au-delà des informations retrouvées sur une prescription médicale. Néanmoins, la feuille de transfert devrait inclure davantage d'informations nécessaires pour la réalisation des soins pharmaceutiques. <p><p>En conclusion, ce travail a permis de développer, d’une part, un nouvel outil de détection et de classification des discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées et d’autre part, un modèle de pratique qui a montré son efficacité sur la continuité des traitements médicamenteux lors de la sortie des patients de l’hôpital à leur domicile, en maison de repos et en revalidation. Toutefois, des perspectives d’amélioration de ce modèle ont été mises en évidence et mériteraient une attention particulière dans le futur. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
162

台灣遠端醫療的商機之研究 – 遠端藥事為例 / The business opportunities of telepharmacy in taiwan

賴宗佑, Lai, Tsung Yu Unknown Date (has links)
全球遠端醫療產業蓬勃發展,各國家的法規也越來越明朗化,未來醫療需求將隨人口老化而大幅上升,如何利用新型態的醫療方式來解決醫療問題,便成為國際上討論的趨勢。本文以遠端藥事做為研究目標,透過「iHealth政昇處方宅配藥局」服務全台的經營模式,以及「春森藥局」服務社區式的經營模式,比較兩家藥局的施行歷程,如何以不同的形態達成遠端藥事。 本研究以Osterwalder提出之經營模式圖(Business Model Canvas)做為基礎,論文以商業畫布、市場機會的發掘與辨識、興業的商業概念、興業的執行、興業的成果呈現,探討機構的獲利方式、民眾的營收方式、藥事服務的形式、慢性病照護,以及政策性的醫療網絡建構等…議題,皆可做為政府規劃醫療政策之參考,本研究有別於其他遠端醫療研究多半選擇科技之論述,以藥局經營做為研究對象,探討產業商機所在。 研究結果顯示,台灣遠端藥事可以符合在現有的法規之上,藥局經由的通訊科技聯繫到病患,提供連續處方箋獲利,不需要依靠業外收入,達成藥事服務營利。比較特別的事,不同藥局要施行遠端藥事的動機不同,分別有企業藥局的經營導向,協助機構評鑑、提供民眾的宅配,此模式下的遠端藥事僅為企業願景的一部分,最終以平台建製作為目標;另一種模式為個人藥局的經營導向,藥師透過政策接觸到社區病患,提供居家服務、甚至安寧服務,實現全人照護之目標。 本研究認為,台灣的遠端藥事尚有發展之潛能。企業經營的方向,需要以機構做為穩定現金流的基礎;個人經營的方向,依然以自身的使命感為主,然而配合「遠端醫療法案」鬆綁、「居家照護政策」的補助,建製完善的社區醫療網絡,將有助於提升社區藥局參與遠端藥事服務之意願,形成新型的產業模式。 / As the telemedicine industry flourishing, the regulations became clear among the countries, the medical needs will also increase in the future. As the goal of the research, this dissertation focused on telepharmacy, the research compared two pharmacies with two different models: serves-the-entire-Taiwan bussiness model from 「iHealth政昇處方宅配藥局」, and serves-the-community bussiness model from 「春森藥局」, hoping to be able to present the telepharmacy with different forms and conditions. This research used the Business Model Canvas which was presented by Osterwalder as the foundation, Unlike other telemedicine researches, this research explored the industry opportunities, and focused on the pharmacy management perspective, instead of the science perspective. The result shows that the telepharmacy in Taiwan can be consistent with the existing regulations. What is more special is that, different pharmacies have different motivations for telepharmacy, and the telepharmacy under this model is only part of the enterprise vision, and creates Platform as the final goal; another model is the business directoin of personal pharmacy, pharmacist contacts patients in the communities through policies, provide home services, and hospice home care to achieve the goal of holistic care. This study considers that telepharmacy still has the potential for development. The direction of enterprise management needs to be based on institutions as the basis of stable cash flow; the direction of personal management sill based on their sense of mission. However, with the help of telepharmacy laws and home care policies, through building the well rounded community medical network, can help increasing the wills of the community pharmacies to participate in telepharmacy.
163

Essencialidade e assistência farmacêutica: um estudo exploratório das demandas judiciais individuais para acesso a medicamentos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Essentiality and pharmaceutical care: an exploratory study of individual legal demands for access to medicines in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Sant Ana, João Maurício Brambati January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / A positivação do direito à Saúde no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pós-Constituição Federal de 1988, ensejou o recurso à tutela jurisdicional e deu vazão ao aumento das demandas judiciais para efetivação desse direito. Tal fenômeno, que vem sendo chamado de judicialização da saúde, tem se expressado, nos últimos vinte anos, principalmente, pela crescente demanda judicial de medicamentos e pela dificuldade de entendimento entre o Setor Saúde e o Poder Judiciário, manifestada, sobretudo, em suas distintas concepções de essencialidade. Um estudo seccional exploratório, retrospectivo, foi planejado com o objetivo de analisar as ações judiciais individuais de acesso a medicamentos considerados essenciais, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas 27 ações, decididas em 2ª instância em 2006, arquivadas em 2007 e em cujas ementas dos acórdãos constavam os termos medicamento e essencial. Mais da metade (57,4 por cento) dos medicamentos solicitados pertencia à lista oficial, no entanto, em 81,5 por cento das ações havia solicitação de pelos menos um medicamento não pertencente. Com relação à adequação da prescrição médica às boas práticas de prescrição, nenhuma respeitou todos os critérios selecionados. Apesar do pouco conteúdo técnico/médico inserido aos autos, todas as demandas foram deferidas em 1ª instância e confirmadas em 2ª. Do ponto de vista judicial, essencialidade relaciona-se menos com questões de eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos e com conceitos expressos nas políticas farmacêuticas e mais com a necessidade individual do paciente, comprovada inequivocamente pela existência de prescrição médica. O réu, por sua vez, ao tentar eximir-se da responsabilidade do fornecimento dos medicamentos, pouco contribuiu para o enriquecimento técnico-científico da discussão. Se por um lado, o Executivo da Saúde tem falhado em garantir o acesso satisfatório a medicamentos, por outro, o Judiciário, em geral, tende a desconsiderar as políticas públicas de saúde quando da sua tomada de decisão. Não parece haver outro caminho, a bem da saúde dos pacientes, senão o da aproximação dos dois setores e do reconhecimento mútuo de suas insuficiências, limitações e responsabilidades. / The right to medicines and pharmaceutical services is part of Brazilian legislation since the Federal Constitution was sanctioned, in 1988. For the last twenty years, this prerogative has opened the way for legal suits to guarantee access to medicines, a growing phenomenon called “judicialization of pharmaceutical services”, which has been characterized not only by the suits themselves, but also by difficulties of the health sector and of the judicial system to deal with these issues under the same concept of essentiality. A sectional retrospective exploratory study was carried out in order to analyze judicial decisions for individual lawsuits demanding access to essential medicines in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Twenty-seven cases of court of appeals decisions were selected for review. Selection criteria included cases closed in 2006 and archived until December 31 2007, and presenting “medicines” and “essential” as terms in the transcripts. More than half (57.4%) of all demanded medicines were included in public health system essential medicines lists. In spite of this, 81.5% of lawsuits demanded unlisted medicines. None of the suits included prescriptions adhering completely to good prescribing practices. In spite of the scarcity of technical and medical contents substantiating the suits, all demands had been granted, in first hearings, confirmed in court of appeals. From the judicial point of view, the term “essential” is related more to patient need, confirmed by whatever is written on the prescription, than to the characteristics – safety and efficacy - of the medicines or to the concepts expressed in pharmaceutical policy documents. The defendants, on the other hand, concentrated efforts on distancing themselves from the responsibility of supply and contributed very little to technical or scientific content of litigation. Whereas the public health sector has failed to guarantee access to medicines, the judicial system tends to disconsider public health policies in its decisions. For the benefit of the population, there seems to be no way other than that health and judicial systems working together to recognize common limitations and responsibilities.

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