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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-ansi-language:EN-US / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Background</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and may be responsible for the premature deaths of patients with active disease. An adequate nutritional status may therefore be protective in delaying the onset from latent infection to active disease. In South Africa, very little data is available on the nutritional status of adults who present with tuberculosis. This study therefore aims to compare the nutritional status of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with TB-free controls.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Study population &amp / Design</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: This is a community based case-control study. Forty-three newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited as cases and matched according to age, gender and race to 43 TB-free close contacts. HIV positive subjects were excluded from the study.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Methods</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Each participant was interviewed and completed a structured questionnaire to obtain demographic information. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1kg and height to the nearest 1mm. A 24-hr dietary recall method was used to obtain dietary information. Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure&nbsp / concentrations of transferrin, albumin, CRP, ferritin, zinc, copper, vitamin A and E.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: The median Body Mass Index (BMI) for cases was 18.80kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 14.35, 32.11) and TB-free contacts 21.17 kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 16.75, 34.98) with a significant difference between the groups of p=0.001. There was significant difference in weight (p=0.002) and MUAC (p=0.000) between groups. No significant difference in dietary intake of energy (KJ) (p=0.695), protein (p=0.804), CHO (p=0.801) and fat ( p=0.796) was found between groups. There was a statistically significant increase in ferritin (p=0.000) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.000) in TB patients, while albumin (p=0.000), serum zinc (p=0.000) and serum vitamin A (p=0.000) were statistically significantly lower among cases.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusion</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: There was no significant difference in the macronutrient intake of TB cases and TB-free contacts, although a significant difference was seen in BMI, MUAC and weight between groups, with all these parameters being lower in TB patients. Ferritin and CRP levels were markedly increased in TB cases while serum zinc, vitamin A and albumin are all significantly lower in&nbsp / TB patients than TB free contacts.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp / </span></b></p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

Sleep is essential for mammals and possibly for all animals. Advancing our knowledge of sleep regulation is crucial for the development of interventions in sleep-related health and social problems. With this aim, this study utilizes laboratory mice to explore sleep regulatory mechanisms at behavioral, molecular, and genetic levels. Sleep is regulated by the interaction of circadian and homeostatic processes. The circadian clock facilitates sleep to occur at a favorable time of the day. Normal mice, such as the C57BL/6J (B6) strain, sleep mostly during the day and initiate activities at dark onset. Here, I show mice of the CAST/EiJ (CAST) strain initiate activity unusually early (hours before dark). The circadian gating of photic phase-shifting responses was phase-lagged in the CAST mice relative to their activity rhythms, implying an altered coupling between the clock and its output. Light failed to suppress activity in the CAST mice, allowing full expression of the early activity. A previously identified quantitative trait locus that contributes to the advanced circadian phase was also confirmed and refined to a smaller genomic region. The circadian oscillation and light-induction of clock-genes Per1 and Per2 expression was not different between B6 and CAST mice in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, where the mammalian master circadian clock is located. However, in the cerebral cortex and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of CAST mice, Per mRNA oscillations were phase-advanced coordinately with their advanced behavioral rhythms. These data thus provide direct evidence that the cause of the early runner phenotype is located downstream of the master circadian clock. The rhythms of cortical Per expression may not be a result of direct SCN effector mechanisms, but rather driven by activity-rest and sleep-wake. I further show that prolonged waking induces cortical Per expression, and this induction persisted in SCN-lesioned animals. SCN Per expression in intact animals was not affected. Thus, a homeostatic drive, independent of the SCN clock, regulates cortical Per expression, although a possible circadian influence in the intact animals was also suggested by detailed analyses. These data may suggest a molecular mechanism bridging the circadian and homeostatic processes for sleep regulation and functions.

No description available.

There is a significant amount of computational literature on networks of neurons and their resulting behavior. This dissertation combines electrophysiology experiments with computational modeling to validate the assumptions and results found in this literature. First, we investigate the weak coupling assumption, which states that the phase response of a neuron to weak stimuli is separable from the stimulus waveform. For weak stimuli, there is an intrinsic neuronal property described by the infinitesimal phase response curve (IPRC) that will predict the phase response when convolved with the stimulus waveform. Here, we show that there is a linear relationship between the stimulus and phase response of the neuron, and that we are able to obtain IPRCs that successfully predict the neuronal phase response. Next, we use hybrid networks of neurons to study the phase locking behavior of networks as the synaptic time constant is changed. We verify that networks show anti-phase synchrony for fast time constants, and in-phase synchrony for slow time constants. We also show that phase models and phase response curves (PRCs) qualitatively predict phase locking observed in electrophysiology experiments. Finally, we investigate the stability of the dynamic clamp system. We determined that the maximal conductance of the current being simulated, the dynamic clamp sampling rate, the amount of electrode resistance compensation, and the amount of capacitance compensation all affect when the instability is present. There is a dramatic increase in stability when the electrode resistance and system capacitance are well compensated.

A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) é o padrão ouro de avaliação da integridade da glândula mamária e da qualidade do leite. A haptoglobina (Hp) é uma das principais proteínas de fase aguda que se eleva em processos inflamatórios, infecciosos e de estresse em ruminantes. Este estudo avaliou a relação entre os níveis séricos de Hp e a CCS, através de coletas de amostras de leite e sangue de vacas leiteiras de rebanhos do Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram obtidas, entre fevereiro e outubro de 2008 de 150 animais da raça Holandesa, sem distinção de idade e número de lactação, divididos em três grupos de 50 animais separados conforme o valor da CCS. O grupo 1 (G1) incluiu vacas com CCS abaixo de 600.000 cel/mL; o grupo 2 (G2), vacas com CCS superior a 600.000 cel/mL e, o grupo 3 (G3), vacas que apresentavam sinais clínicos de mastite. Para cada amostra de leite, foi determinada a CCS, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e os níveis de proteína, gordura, lactose e sólidos totais. Coletouse 5 mL de sangue através de punção da veia coccígea para avaliar contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, fibrinogênio, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais e haptoglobina. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significativa entre os três grupos quanto à CCS, CBT e lactose. A proteína apresentou diferença significativa entre G1 para G2 e G3. Nos sólidos totais, G1 e G2 apresentaram diferença significativa para G3. A gordura não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Análises não paramétricas demonstraram forte correlação positiva entre CCS e CBT (r=0,852, P<0,005). Quanto às análises hematológicas, o leucograma e as proteínas plasmáticas totais não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Fibrinogênio e hematócrito se diferenciaram estatisticamente nos grupos 1 e 3. Na análise do diferencial, os monócitos do G1 e G3 apresentaram diferença estatística para G2. Além disso, o fibrinogênio apresentou correlação leve, mas significativa (r= 0,270, P<0,001), em relação ao valor de CCS. Análises não paramétricas apresentaram correlação média entre CCS e concentração de Hp (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrando associação entre as variáveis. Quanto à concentração de Hp, houve diferença significativa do G1 (0,41 g/L) e G2 (0,41 g/L) para G3 (0,70 g/L), ou seja, se comprovou a elevação dos níveis séricos de Hp em vacas com processo inflamatório instalado; entretanto, a Hp não se mostrou sensível para detecção de mastite subclínica. Sugere-se que estudos adicionais possam elucidar tais associações. / Somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard of both the mammalian gland and milk quality evaluation. The haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the main acute phase proteins, which increase in inflammation, infectious and stress processes of ruminants. This work evaluated the relation between Hp serum level and SCC, through the analysis of milk and blood samples from dairy cows from herds in the northwest Rio Grande do Sul state. Samples were obtainned, between February and October 2008, from 150 Holstein cows, without age or milking number discrimination and that were separate in three different groups with 50 animals each, according SCC value. Group 1 (G1) included cows with SCC below 600.000 cells/mL; group 2 (G2), cows with SCC above 600.000 cells/mL and group 3 (G3), cows with signs of clinical mastitis. For each milk sample, it was determined SCC, total bacteria count (TBC), and the protein, fat, lactose, and total solid contents. A 5 mL blood sample was collected by puncturing coccigeal vein to evaluate total and differential leucocytes counts, fibrinogen, hematocrit, total serum protein, and haptoglobin. Statistic analysis showed significant differences among the three groups for SCC, TBC, and lactose. The protein average showed significant difference among G1 to G2 and G3. Total solid contents from G1 and G2 were significantly different to that from G3. Fat content had not significant differences among groups. Not parametric analysis demonstrated strong positive association between SCC and TBC (r= 0,852, P< 0,005). For the hematological analysis, leucograma and total serum protein had no significant differences among groups. Both, fibrinogen and hematocrit showed statistical differences in G1 and G3. Regarding the differential analysis, the monocytes of G1 and G3 showed statistical differences to that of G2. Moreover, although short, there was significant correlation (r= 0,270, P<0,001) between fibrinogen and SCC. Not parametric analysis displayed mean correlation between SCC and Hp concentration (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrating association between the variables. For the concentration of Hp, there was significant differences between G1 (0,41 g/L) and G2 (0,41 g/L) to G3 (0,70 g/L) proving the Hp increase in cows affected by clinical mastitis; nevertheless, the Hp was not a sensible marker to subclinical mastitis. It is suggested that further studies may elucidate those associations.

A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) é o padrão ouro de avaliação da integridade da glândula mamária e da qualidade do leite. A haptoglobina (Hp) é uma das principais proteínas de fase aguda que se eleva em processos inflamatórios, infecciosos e de estresse em ruminantes. Este estudo avaliou a relação entre os níveis séricos de Hp e a CCS, através de coletas de amostras de leite e sangue de vacas leiteiras de rebanhos do Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram obtidas, entre fevereiro e outubro de 2008 de 150 animais da raça Holandesa, sem distinção de idade e número de lactação, divididos em três grupos de 50 animais separados conforme o valor da CCS. O grupo 1 (G1) incluiu vacas com CCS abaixo de 600.000 cel/mL; o grupo 2 (G2), vacas com CCS superior a 600.000 cel/mL e, o grupo 3 (G3), vacas que apresentavam sinais clínicos de mastite. Para cada amostra de leite, foi determinada a CCS, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e os níveis de proteína, gordura, lactose e sólidos totais. Coletouse 5 mL de sangue através de punção da veia coccígea para avaliar contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, fibrinogênio, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais e haptoglobina. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significativa entre os três grupos quanto à CCS, CBT e lactose. A proteína apresentou diferença significativa entre G1 para G2 e G3. Nos sólidos totais, G1 e G2 apresentaram diferença significativa para G3. A gordura não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Análises não paramétricas demonstraram forte correlação positiva entre CCS e CBT (r=0,852, P<0,005). Quanto às análises hematológicas, o leucograma e as proteínas plasmáticas totais não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Fibrinogênio e hematócrito se diferenciaram estatisticamente nos grupos 1 e 3. Na análise do diferencial, os monócitos do G1 e G3 apresentaram diferença estatística para G2. Além disso, o fibrinogênio apresentou correlação leve, mas significativa (r= 0,270, P<0,001), em relação ao valor de CCS. Análises não paramétricas apresentaram correlação média entre CCS e concentração de Hp (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrando associação entre as variáveis. Quanto à concentração de Hp, houve diferença significativa do G1 (0,41 g/L) e G2 (0,41 g/L) para G3 (0,70 g/L), ou seja, se comprovou a elevação dos níveis séricos de Hp em vacas com processo inflamatório instalado; entretanto, a Hp não se mostrou sensível para detecção de mastite subclínica. Sugere-se que estudos adicionais possam elucidar tais associações. / Somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard of both the mammalian gland and milk quality evaluation. The haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the main acute phase proteins, which increase in inflammation, infectious and stress processes of ruminants. This work evaluated the relation between Hp serum level and SCC, through the analysis of milk and blood samples from dairy cows from herds in the northwest Rio Grande do Sul state. Samples were obtainned, between February and October 2008, from 150 Holstein cows, without age or milking number discrimination and that were separate in three different groups with 50 animals each, according SCC value. Group 1 (G1) included cows with SCC below 600.000 cells/mL; group 2 (G2), cows with SCC above 600.000 cells/mL and group 3 (G3), cows with signs of clinical mastitis. For each milk sample, it was determined SCC, total bacteria count (TBC), and the protein, fat, lactose, and total solid contents. A 5 mL blood sample was collected by puncturing coccigeal vein to evaluate total and differential leucocytes counts, fibrinogen, hematocrit, total serum protein, and haptoglobin. Statistic analysis showed significant differences among the three groups for SCC, TBC, and lactose. The protein average showed significant difference among G1 to G2 and G3. Total solid contents from G1 and G2 were significantly different to that from G3. Fat content had not significant differences among groups. Not parametric analysis demonstrated strong positive association between SCC and TBC (r= 0,852, P< 0,005). For the hematological analysis, leucograma and total serum protein had no significant differences among groups. Both, fibrinogen and hematocrit showed statistical differences in G1 and G3. Regarding the differential analysis, the monocytes of G1 and G3 showed statistical differences to that of G2. Moreover, although short, there was significant correlation (r= 0,270, P<0,001) between fibrinogen and SCC. Not parametric analysis displayed mean correlation between SCC and Hp concentration (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrating association between the variables. For the concentration of Hp, there was significant differences between G1 (0,41 g/L) and G2 (0,41 g/L) to G3 (0,70 g/L) proving the Hp increase in cows affected by clinical mastitis; nevertheless, the Hp was not a sensible marker to subclinical mastitis. It is suggested that further studies may elucidate those associations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_afs_me_jabo.pdf: 474641 bytes, checksum: fa1d22177f28628ebd508fc2adfc16f4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A síndrome cólica é uma das urgências mais frequentes na clínica de equinos. Os estágios iniciais da reação inflamatória incluem alterações denominadas resposta de fase aguda. Com o objetivo de avaliar esta resposta realizou-se o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas e do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos obstrução intestinal experimental. Utilizaram-se 21 equinos, cuja obstrução intestinal foi instituída em segmentos de duodeno - GD (n=6), íleo - GI (n=6) ou cólon dorsal esquerdo - GM (n=6). Além disso, instituiu-se um grupo controle instrumentado - GC (n=3). As colheitas das amostras de sangue e de líquido peritoneal foram realizadas antes (T0), durante as obstruções (T1-T3) e, após as desobstruções (T4-T174). A proteína total foi determinada pelo método do biureto e as frações protéicas obtidas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE identificaram as proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) IgA, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, IgG-CP, haptoglobina, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida, IgG-CL e P24. Houve aumento nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal de todas as PFA nos quatro grupos. Os resultados foram associados à lesão entérica, resultante do modelo de obstrução e à laparotomia. O fracionamento eletroforético das PFA, no líquido peritoneal, foi padronizado de modo a estabelecer a curva padrão para equinos hígidos; ademais, verificou-se que o referido fracionamento protéico mostrou-se mais sensível e eficaz no diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios abdominais e, portanto, deve ser priorizado no monitoramento da evolução do processo de cura abdominal e no diagnóstico de complicações pós-operatórias em equinos com cólica / The colic syndrome is one of the most frequent urgencies in the clinic of horses. The initial stages of the inflammatory reaction include a series of modifications called the acute phase reaction. Aiming to evaluate this kind of reaction the electrophoretic profile of the serum proteins and peritoneal fluid of horses submitted to experimental obstruction of the intestine was performed. Twenty one horses were submitted to intestinal obstruction at the duodenal portion - GD (n=6), ileum GI (n=6) or dorsal left colon GM (n=6). A control group was also instituded - GC (n=3). The blood and peritoneal fluid samples were obtained before (T0), during the obstructions (T1-T3) and after the desobstructions (T4-T174). The total protein was determined by the biuret method and the protein fractions were obtained by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE wich identified the acute phase proteins (APP) IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, IgGCP, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, IgG-CL and P24. There was an elevation in all acute phase proteins studied in the serum and peritoneal fluid of all four groups observed. The results were associated to hepatic lesion due to the kind of experimental model of obstruction adopted and laparotomy. The electrophoretic fractioning of the APP in the peritoneal fluid was standardized to establish a standard curve to healthy horses. It was also verified that the protein fractioning showed to be more sensitive and efficient in the diagnosis of abdominal inflammatory processes therefore it should be prioritized in the monitoring of the process of abdominal healing evolution and in the diagnose of post-operative intercurrence in horses with colic

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 simplicio_kmmg_me_jabo.pdf: 522000 bytes, checksum: 0f12308255102eb2961d3cb0999bf46e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foi avaliada a importância de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como biomarcadores de enfermidades em ruminantes domésticos. Para tal se determinou o proteinograma sérico e leucograma de 15 bovinos sadios e 15 doentes, 15 ovinos sadios e 15 doentes, e 15 caprinos sadios e 15 doentes. Todos foram submetidos a colheitas diárias de sangue durante sete dias, enquanto permaneciam internados no Hospital Veterinário da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Em bovinos a haptoglobina teve destaque como biomarcador precoce e confiável de foco inflamatório/infeccioso. Em ovinos ceruloplasmina, haptoglobina, 1-glicoproteína ácida mostraram moderada atividade frente às enfermidades avaliadas. Caprinos acometidos por ectima contagioso não apresentaram boa responsividade das PFAs. No entanto, ceruloplasmina, haptoglobina, 1-glicoproteína ácida destacaram-se como biomarcadores de foco inflamatório/infeccioso em caprinos acometidos por mastite e artrite secundária à infecção pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina. Transferrina, embora tenha se mostrado biologicamente como uma PFA negativa em todos os grupos estudados, apenas apresentou comportamento estatisticamente diferenciado em bovinos acometidos por mastite. Por fim, o proteinograma sérico obtido por meio da técnica eletroforética SDS-PAGE, mostrou-se mais útil como exame complementar ao diagnóstico das enfermidades avaliadas que o leucograma / The importance of acute phase proteins (APP) as biomarkers of disease was evaluated in domestic ruminants. It was determined the serum proteinogram and leucocyte count of 15 healthy and 15 clinically ill cattle; 15 healthy and 15 clinically ill sheep and 15 healthy and 15 clinically ill goats. All animals were submitted to daily blood sampling during 7 days, while kept interned in the Veterinarian Hospital from FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal campus. In cattle, haptoglobin was a very reliable inflamatory/infeccious early biomarker. In sheep ceruloplasmin, haptogobin and 1-acid glycoprotein showed moderate activity to the diseases studied. Goats with contagious ectima did not show a good response in APP serum concentrations. However, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and 1-acid glycoprotein showed to be reliable soon biomarkers in goats with mastitis and arthritis due to caprine arthritis encephalitis. Alhtough transferrin biologically behaved as a negative APP in all diseases and species studied, it only showed a statistically significant behaviour as such in cows with mastitis. Moreover, the assessment of APP profile through the electrophoretic SDS-PAGE technique was more useful as a complementary tool to the establishment of diagnosis than the leucocyte count

Resumo: A síndrome cólica é uma das urgências mais frequentes na clínica de equinos. Os estágios iniciais da reação inflamatória incluem alterações denominadas resposta de fase aguda. Com o objetivo de avaliar esta resposta realizou-se o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas e do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos obstrução intestinal experimental. Utilizaram-se 21 equinos, cuja obstrução intestinal foi instituída em segmentos de duodeno - GD (n=6), íleo - GI (n=6) ou cólon dorsal esquerdo - GM (n=6). Além disso, instituiu-se um grupo controle instrumentado - GC (n=3). As colheitas das amostras de sangue e de líquido peritoneal foram realizadas antes (T0), durante as obstruções (T1-T3) e, após as desobstruções (T4-T174). A proteína total foi determinada pelo método do biureto e as frações protéicas obtidas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE identificaram as proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) IgA, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, IgG-CP, haptoglobina, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida, IgG-CL e P24. Houve aumento nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal de todas as PFA nos quatro grupos. Os resultados foram associados à lesão entérica, resultante do modelo de obstrução e à laparotomia. O fracionamento eletroforético das PFA, no líquido peritoneal, foi padronizado de modo a estabelecer a curva padrão para equinos hígidos; ademais, verificou-se que o referido fracionamento protéico mostrou-se mais sensível e eficaz no diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios abdominais e, portanto, deve ser priorizado no monitoramento da evolução do processo de cura abdominal e no diagnóstico de complicações pós-operatórias em equinos com cólica / Abstract: The colic syndrome is one of the most frequent urgencies in the clinic of horses. The initial stages of the inflammatory reaction include a series of modifications called the acute phase reaction. Aiming to evaluate this kind of reaction the electrophoretic profile of the serum proteins and peritoneal fluid of horses submitted to experimental obstruction of the intestine was performed. Twenty one horses were submitted to intestinal obstruction at the duodenal portion - GD (n=6), ileum GI (n=6) or dorsal left colon GM (n=6). A control group was also instituded - GC (n=3). The blood and peritoneal fluid samples were obtained before (T0), during the obstructions (T1-T3) and after the desobstructions (T4-T174). The total protein was determined by the biuret method and the protein fractions were obtained by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE wich identified the acute phase proteins (APP) IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, IgGCP, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, IgG-CL and P24. There was an elevation in all acute phase proteins studied in the serum and peritoneal fluid of all four groups observed. The results were associated to hepatic lesion due to the kind of experimental model of obstruction adopted and laparotomy. The electrophoretic fractioning of the APP in the peritoneal fluid was standardized to establish a standard curve to healthy horses. It was also verified that the protein fractioning showed to be more sensitive and efficient in the diagnosis of abdominal inflammatory processes therefore it should be prioritized in the monitoring of the process of abdominal healing evolution and in the diagnose of post-operative intercurrence in horses with colic / Orientador: Aureo Evangelista Santana / Coorientador: Paula Alessandrta Di Filippo / Banca: José Correa lacerda Neto / Banca: Alessandra Kataoka / Mestre

A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) é o padrão ouro de avaliação da integridade da glândula mamária e da qualidade do leite. A haptoglobina (Hp) é uma das principais proteínas de fase aguda que se eleva em processos inflamatórios, infecciosos e de estresse em ruminantes. Este estudo avaliou a relação entre os níveis séricos de Hp e a CCS, através de coletas de amostras de leite e sangue de vacas leiteiras de rebanhos do Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram obtidas, entre fevereiro e outubro de 2008 de 150 animais da raça Holandesa, sem distinção de idade e número de lactação, divididos em três grupos de 50 animais separados conforme o valor da CCS. O grupo 1 (G1) incluiu vacas com CCS abaixo de 600.000 cel/mL; o grupo 2 (G2), vacas com CCS superior a 600.000 cel/mL e, o grupo 3 (G3), vacas que apresentavam sinais clínicos de mastite. Para cada amostra de leite, foi determinada a CCS, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e os níveis de proteína, gordura, lactose e sólidos totais. Coletouse 5 mL de sangue através de punção da veia coccígea para avaliar contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, fibrinogênio, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais e haptoglobina. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significativa entre os três grupos quanto à CCS, CBT e lactose. A proteína apresentou diferença significativa entre G1 para G2 e G3. Nos sólidos totais, G1 e G2 apresentaram diferença significativa para G3. A gordura não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Análises não paramétricas demonstraram forte correlação positiva entre CCS e CBT (r=0,852, P<0,005). Quanto às análises hematológicas, o leucograma e as proteínas plasmáticas totais não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Fibrinogênio e hematócrito se diferenciaram estatisticamente nos grupos 1 e 3. Na análise do diferencial, os monócitos do G1 e G3 apresentaram diferença estatística para G2. Além disso, o fibrinogênio apresentou correlação leve, mas significativa (r= 0,270, P<0,001), em relação ao valor de CCS. Análises não paramétricas apresentaram correlação média entre CCS e concentração de Hp (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrando associação entre as variáveis. Quanto à concentração de Hp, houve diferença significativa do G1 (0,41 g/L) e G2 (0,41 g/L) para G3 (0,70 g/L), ou seja, se comprovou a elevação dos níveis séricos de Hp em vacas com processo inflamatório instalado; entretanto, a Hp não se mostrou sensível para detecção de mastite subclínica. Sugere-se que estudos adicionais possam elucidar tais associações. / Somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard of both the mammalian gland and milk quality evaluation. The haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the main acute phase proteins, which increase in inflammation, infectious and stress processes of ruminants. This work evaluated the relation between Hp serum level and SCC, through the analysis of milk and blood samples from dairy cows from herds in the northwest Rio Grande do Sul state. Samples were obtainned, between February and October 2008, from 150 Holstein cows, without age or milking number discrimination and that were separate in three different groups with 50 animals each, according SCC value. Group 1 (G1) included cows with SCC below 600.000 cells/mL; group 2 (G2), cows with SCC above 600.000 cells/mL and group 3 (G3), cows with signs of clinical mastitis. For each milk sample, it was determined SCC, total bacteria count (TBC), and the protein, fat, lactose, and total solid contents. A 5 mL blood sample was collected by puncturing coccigeal vein to evaluate total and differential leucocytes counts, fibrinogen, hematocrit, total serum protein, and haptoglobin. Statistic analysis showed significant differences among the three groups for SCC, TBC, and lactose. The protein average showed significant difference among G1 to G2 and G3. Total solid contents from G1 and G2 were significantly different to that from G3. Fat content had not significant differences among groups. Not parametric analysis demonstrated strong positive association between SCC and TBC (r= 0,852, P< 0,005). For the hematological analysis, leucograma and total serum protein had no significant differences among groups. Both, fibrinogen and hematocrit showed statistical differences in G1 and G3. Regarding the differential analysis, the monocytes of G1 and G3 showed statistical differences to that of G2. Moreover, although short, there was significant correlation (r= 0,270, P<0,001) between fibrinogen and SCC. Not parametric analysis displayed mean correlation between SCC and Hp concentration (r= 0,357, P<0,001), demonstrating association between the variables. For the concentration of Hp, there was significant differences between G1 (0,41 g/L) and G2 (0,41 g/L) to G3 (0,70 g/L) proving the Hp increase in cows affected by clinical mastitis; nevertheless, the Hp was not a sensible marker to subclinical mastitis. It is suggested that further studies may elucidate those associations.