Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Phenolic compounds of the types present in plums have been found to exhibit health-promoting properties associated with their antioxidant capacity. Fruits with red peel and/or flesh are thus sought-after for their high antioxidant levels. In the current study South African plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars and selections, harvested during two consecutive fruit seasons, were compared in terms of general fruit attributes (colour, firmness, °Brix, pH, titratable acidity), phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The effect of season and a commercial cold storage and ripening regime was also investigated. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array-fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) method suitable for use with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, was optimised for separation and identification of phenolic compounds from four phenolic groups (phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols) in six South African plum cultivars and five selections. Parameters that were optimised include the mobile phases, analysis temperature and gradient program. Good stability, linearity and inter- and intra-day precision were obtained. Identification of compounds was based on comparison of retention times, UV-Vis spectra and mass fragments with available authentic phenolic standards and/or literature data. The optimised method allowed identification or tentative identification of twenty-four phenolic compounds, including cyanidin-3-O-glycosides, quercetin glycosides, monomeric, dimeric and trimeric flavan-3-ols, and hydroxycinnamic acids. An on-line ABTS•+ (2,2ʹ-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) antioxidant assay, performed for qualitative evaluation of the antioxidant response of individual phenolic compounds, indicated the flavan-3-ols as major antioxidants in plums. Eighteen phenolic compounds were quantified, including anthocyanins and flavonol glycosides, flavan-3-ols (monomers and dimers) and hydroxycinnamic acids. Phenolic composition differed greatly between cultivars and selections. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in plums with red peel and/or flesh, followed by cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was present only in the cultivar Laetitia (red peel, yellow flesh). The ripe fruit of Ruby Red and PR04-19, both with red peel and flesh, had the highest anthocyanin content for the first and second harvest season, respectively. Neochlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were the major phenolic acid and flavonol, respectively. Chlorogenic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and several quercetin-glycosides and -diglycosides were also present in some cultivars and selections. Procyanidin B1 was the flavan-3-ol present in the highest concentration in the majority of cultivars and selections and its content correlated with the (+)-catechin content, while the same was observed for procyanidin B2 and (-)-epicatechin. The effect of cold storage and ripening on fruit attributes differed greatly between cultivars and selections. The increase and decrease in pH and titratable acidity, respectively, were as expected for ripe fruit as opposed to unripe fruit. Ripe fruit had higher a*-values and lower L*-values. The cold storage and ripening regime had no significant effect on total polyphenol and total flavan-3-ol content of the cultivars and selections, but the anthocyanin content increased in some cases. In terms of in vitro antioxidant capacity, the selections PR04-32 and PR04-35, both with red peel and flesh, had the highest antioxidant capacity, irrespective of assay. Sapphire (red peel, yellow flesh), with the lowest total polyphenol content, also had the lowest antioxidant capacity in the ORAC and FRAP assays. Both the total polyphenol and flavan-3-ol contents correlated significantly to antioxidant capacity, irrespective of assay. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fenoliese verbindings, soos teenwoordig in pruime, is bekend vir hul gesondheidsbevorderende eienskappe wat geassosieer word met antioksidant kapasiteit. Vrugte met ‘n rooi skil en/of vleis is veral gesog as gevolg van hul hoë antioksidant aktiwiteit. Met hierdie studie is Suid-Afrikaanse pruim (Prunus salicina Lindl.) kultivars en seleksies, geoes tydens twee opeenvolgende seisoene, vergelyk in terme van algemene vrug einskappe (kleur, fermheid, °Brix, pH en titreerbare suurheid), fenoliese samestelling en antioksidant kapasiteit. Die effek van ‘n kommersiële koelopberging en rypwording prosedure is ook ondersoek. ‘n Omgekeerde-fase hoë-druk vloeistof chromatografie (HPLC) metode met diode-opstelling en fluoressensie deteksie, maar wat ook geskik is vir massa spektrometrie (MS), is geoptimiseer om fenoliese verbindings te skei en te identifiseer in Suid-Afrikaanse pruime. Verbindings van vier fenoliese groepe (fenoliese sure, antosianiene, flavan-3-ole en flavonole) wat in ses kultivars en vyf seleksies voorgekom het, is ondersoek. Die vloeistof fases, skeidingstemperatuur en gradiënt van die metode is geoptimiseer. Goeie resultate vir stabiliteit, lineariteit en inter- en intra-dag akkuraatheid is verkry. Verbindings is geïdentifiseer deur vergelyking van retensie tye, UV-Vis spektra en massa fragmente met dié van egte fenoliese standaarde en/of met literatuur data. Vier-en-twintig fenoliese verbindings is geïdentifiseer of voorlopig geïdentifiseer, insluitende sianidien- en kwersetien glikosiede, flavan-3-ol monomere, dimere en trimere, en hidroksikaneelsure. ‘n Aanlyn ABTS•+ (2,2 ʹ-azino-di-(3-etielbensotialosien-sulfoon suur) radikaal katioon blussingstoets is gebruik om die antioksidant reaksie van individuele polifenole op ‘n kwalitatiewe wyse te evalueer en flavan-3-ole is as hoof antioksidante in pruime aangetoon. Kwantifisering van agtien verbindings, insluitende antosianiene, flavonol glikosiede, flavan-3-ole (monomere en dimere) en hidroksikaneelsure, was moontlik met hierdie geoptimiseerde metode. Die fenoliese samestelling het aansienlik verskil tussen kultivars en seleksies. Sianidien-3-O-glukosied was die hoof antosianien in pruime met ‘n rooi skil en/of vleis, gevolg deur sianidien-3-O-rutinosied. Sianidien-3-O-galaktosied het slegs in Laetitia (rooi skil en geel vleis) voorgekom. Ryp vrugte van Ruby Red en PR04-19, beide met rooi skil en vleis, het onderskeidelik die hoogste antosianieninhoud gehad met die eerste en tweede seisoen se oeste. Neochlorogeniese suur en kwersetien-3-O-glukosied was die hoof fenoliese suur en flavon-3-ol, onderskeidelik. Chlorogeniese suur, 3-O-p-kumarienkwiniensuur en verskeie kwersetien glikosiede en diglikosiede was teenwoordig in sekere kultivars/seleksies. Die flavan-3-ol, prosianidien B1, was teenwoordig in die hoogste konsentrasie in die meerderheid kultivars/seleksies. Die prosianidien B1 inhoud het met die (+)-katekien inhoud gekorreleer, terwyl dieselfde gevind is vir prosianidien B2 en (-)-epikatekien. Die effek van koelopberging en rypwording op die algemene vrug einskappe het tussen kultivars en seleksies verskil. Die pH en titreerbare suurheid het onderskeidelik toegeneem en afgeneem, soos verwag is vir ryp vrugte teenoor onryp vrugte. Ryp vrugte het hoër a*-waardes en laer L*-waardes getoon. Koelopberging en rypwording het geen beduidende effek op die totale polifenol- en totale flavan-3-ol inhoud gehad nie, maar die antosianieninhoud het vir sommige kultivars en seleksies toegeneem. In terme van in vitro antioksidant kapasiteit het die seleksies PR04-32 en PR04-35, beide met rooi skil en vleis, die hoogste antioksidant kapasiteit getoon, ongeag die antioksidant toets wat gebruik is. Sapphire (rooi skil en geel vleis) het die laagste totale polifenolinhoud gehad, asook die laagste antioksidant kapasiteit soos bepaal deur die ORAC en FRAP toetse. Beide die totale polifenol- en flavan-3-ol inhoud het beduidend met die antioksidant kapasiteit korreleer, ongeag van die toets wat gebruik is.

L'athérosclérose est une des premières causes de mortalité dans les pays industrialisés. Elle est à l'origine de diverses pathologies telles que les infarctus du myocarde, les accidents vasculaires cérébraux et les maladies des artères coronaires. Deux facteurs clés sont à l'origine de l'athérosclérose : 1) un stress oxydant qui conduit à l'oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité dans la paroi artérielle et qui constitue la première étape du processus athérosclérotique ; 2) un processus inflammatoire auto-entretenu qui permet le développement des dernières étapes de l'athérogénèse conduisant à la formation d'une plaque d'athérome. La maladie reste silencieuse jusqu'à ce qu'elle se dévoile subitement à travers les évènements cités précédemment. L'utilisation d'antioxydants synthétiques ou naturels pour lutter contre l'athérogénèse est prouvée in vitro mais s'avère inefficace in vivo. Devant ce constat, une des stratégies envisagées consiste à inhiber conjointement le stress oxydant et l'inflammation. Dans ce but, des molécules présentant la double propriété, antioxydante et anti- inflammatoire, s'avèrent intéressantes. Les dérivés phénoliques d'origine naturelle sont connus pour leurs propriétés antioxydantes, principalement dues à leur caractère piégeur de radicaux libres grâce à la présence du noyau phénolique Dans le cadre de notre projet, nous nous sommes intéressés aux diarylheptanoïdes macrocycliques qui sont des composés phénoliques extraits de différentes plantes et très peu exploités malgré des propriétés biologiques intéressantes. Parmi eux, le tédarène A, macrocycle naturel de type cyclodécaphane, extrait en 2012 d'une éponge marine, la Tedania Ignis, présente des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et un caractère antioxydant. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, la première synthèse totale du tédarène A a été réalisée. Les étapes clés ont concerné l'introduction stéréocontrollée du système diènique (Z,E) non conjugué au noyau phénol et la cyclisation en conditions de Ullmann du macrocycle diarylheptanoïde. Différents analogues du tédarène A ont été également conçus et préparés. Les modifications structurelles ont été introduites au niveau de la chaîne heptanoïde des macrocycles synthétisés. Le tédarène A et les différents analogues de type diarylheptanoïdes linéaires et macrocycliques synthétisés ont été évalués pour leurs activités antioxydante et anti- inflammatoire. / Atherosclerosis is one of the first cause of mortality in industrialized countries. It leads to cerebrovascular accident, stroke and all of the coronary heart diseases. Two key steps induce atherosclerosis : 1) an oxidative stress leading to the low density lipoproteins oxidationand initiating atherogenesis ; 2) a self-sustained inflammatory process allowing the last steps development of atherogenesis giving the atheroma plaque formation. This pathology is silent until it appears suddenly with the consequences mentionned above. The synthetic or natural antioxidants use to fight atherosclerosis is effective in vitro but not in vivo. One the basis of these informations, one of the proposed strategies is to inhibit both oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, it will be interesting to design molecules with a dual activity : antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Natural phenolic compounds are well-know for their antioxidant activities due to the phenol moiety wich is able to trap free radicals. As part of our project, we are interested in macrocyclic diaryl heptanoids wich are phenolic compounds extracted from different plants and under-exploited despite interesting biological properties. Among them, tedarene A, a natural macrocycle type cyclodecaphane, extracted in 2012 from a marine sponge, Tedania Ignis, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property. During this Ph.D work, the fisrt total synthesis of tedarene A was carried out. The key steps involved the stereocontrolled introduction of the diene system (Z,E) not conjugated to the phenol moiety and the cyclization of the diarylheptanoid macrocycle using Ullmann conditions. Various analogs of tedarene A were also designed and prepared. Structural changes were introduced onto the heptanoid chain part of synthesized macrocycles. Tedarene A and the various synthesized linear and macrocyclic diarylheptanoid analogues were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Submitted by ISABELA NOGUEIRA FONSECA CORDEIRO (isabela.cordeiro@ifma.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T04:17:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação definitiva, Isabela.pdf: 2210228 bytes, checksum: c54245ee348cebaa75204af69c942d9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-09-04T13:04:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cordeiro_inf_me_jabo.pdf: 2210228 bytes, checksum: c54245ee348cebaa75204af69c942d9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T13:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cordeiro_inf_me_jabo.pdf: 2210228 bytes, checksum: c54245ee348cebaa75204af69c942d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-13 / Outra / A Batata-doce é um alimento versátil, de fácil aquisição e produção, entretanto, as raízes apresentam inconvenientes como desuniformidade, descasque e rápido escurecimento após o corte, por isso, esse vegetal mostra-se um produto com características a serem superadas pelo processamento mínimo. O uso de agentes antioxidantes e/ou tratamento térmico tem apresentado efeitos satisfatórios na qualidade pós-colheita de produtos hortícolas. Os ácidos cítrico e ascórbico atuam na inativação de enzimas responsáveis pelo escurecimento, devido à redução de pH e ação antioxidante, respectivamente. O tratamento térmico moderado que age na inativação de enzimas do escurecimento sem alterar a textura do vegetal. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ácido cítrico, ascórbico e tratamento térmico em diferentes concentrações e tempos na qualidade de batata-doce minimante processadas. As raízes de casca rosada e polpa amarela, foram, higienizadas, descascadas e feitos cortes transversais ao eixo principal obtendo rodelas de 1 cm de espessura, que foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos, à saber, imersão em soluções de ácido citrico (AC) à 0, 1, 2 e 3% por 1 min; ácido ascórbico (AA) à 0, 1, 2 e 3% por 1min e tratamento térmico (TT) à 50°C por 0, 1, 3 e 5 min. Em seguida as batatas-doce foram centrifugadas e armazenadas em bandejas de tereftalado de polietileno (PET) a temperatura de 5 °C e 85% UR por um período de 8 dias. A cada 2 dias avaliou-se a perda acumulada de massa fresca, firmeza, índice de brancura, o pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, atividade respiratória. Amostras foram congeladas e armazenadas para análises posteriores de compostos fenólicos, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POD), polifenoloxidase (PPO) e açucares solúveis. Batata-doce minimamente processada tratadas com 2% de ácido cítrico mostraram melhores resultados no escurecimento enzimático e qualidade do vegetal, enquanto o ácido ascórbico na concentração de 2%, apresentou melhor resultado na diminuição da atividade enzimática e qualidade do vegetal. O tratamento térmico a 50°C por 3 min, mostrou-se eficiente na qualidade de batata-doce minimamente processada. / Sweet potato is a versatile food, easy to acquire and produce, however, the roots present disadvantages such as unevenness, peeling and fast darkening after cutting, so this vegetable shows a product with characteristics to be overcome by the minimally processed. The use of antioxidants and / or heat treatment has shown satisfactory effects on the post-harvest quality of vegetables. The citric and ascorbic acids act in the inactivation of enzymes responsible for darkening, due to the reduction of pH and antioxidant action, respectively. The moderate heat treatment that acts in the inactivation of darkening enzymes without changing the texture of the vegetable. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the acids citric and ascorbic combine with heat treatment at different concentrations and times in the quality of sweetened sweet potato processed. The roots with rosy peel and yellow pulp were cleaned, peeled and cut transversally around the principal axis, obtaining slices with 1 cm of thickness. The slices were submitted to different treatments, namely immersion in citric acid solutions (AC) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 % for 1 min; ascorbic acid (AA) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 % for 1min and, heat treatment (TT) at 50 °C for 0 (immersion in water at room temperature), 1, 3 and 5 min. Then, the pretreated sweet potatoes were centrifuged and stored in polyethylene terephthalate trays (pet) at 5°c and 85±5 % RH for a period of 8 days. Every 2 days the loss of accumulated fresh mass, firmness, whiteness index, pH titratable acidity, soluble solids and respiratory activity were evaluated. Samples were frozen and stored for further analysis of phenolic compounds, peroxidase enzyme activity (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and soluble sugars. The acid citric concentration of 2% provided the best whiteness index of the slices. Minimally processed sweet potato treated with 2% citric acid presented better results in enzymatic darkening and vegetable quality, while ascorbic acid at 2% concentration showed better results in the decrease of the enzymatic activity and the quality of the vegetable. The heat treatment at 50 °C for 3 min was efficient in the quality of the minimally processed sweet potato.

Aproximadamente vinte espécies do gênero Hypericum (Guttiferae) têm ocorrência natural no Brasil, e concentram-se principalmente na região Sul do País. Considerando a importância deste gênero como fonte de substâncias com variadas atividades biológicas, tais como analgésica, antidepressiva, antimicrobiana, antiviral, antiproliferativa, entre outras, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar a constituição química e o potencial antioxidante de espécies de Hypericum, desenvolver protocolos para manutenção de algumas espécies nativas através de culturas de tecidos e células e validar metodologia para quantificação de benzopiranos em H. polyanthemum proveniente de cultivo a campo, in vitro e aclimatizado. Utilizando-se métodos cromatográficos e espectroscópicos, foram isolados e identificados o ácido fenólico ácido 5-O-cafeoil-1-metoxi-quínico e os flavonóides 3,7-dimetil-quercetina, 3-Ometil- quercetina, I3,II8-biapigenina, guaijaverina, isoquercitrina e hiperosídeo, todos derivados da quercetina e obtidos da fração acetato de etila das partes aéreas de H. ternum. Ainda desta espécie, porém da fração n-hexano das raízes, obteve-se o derivado de floroglucinol uliginosina B. De H. myrianthum foram isolados e identificados os flavonóides quercetina e hiperosídeo, da fração metanólica das partes aéres, bem como os derivados de floroglucinol japonicina A e uliginosina B, fração n-hexano das raízes. Através do método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteau, foram quantificados os teores de fenólicos totais das espécies H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum, H. myrianthum e H. polyanthemum, verificando-se teores variando entre 37,40 a 228,36 mg EQ/g de extrato seco. Utilizando as técnicas de TRAP (Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Parameter), ORAC-PGV (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) e reação bioautográfica e espectrofotométrica com radicais DPPH• (2,2 difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) evidenciou-se que extratos brutos metanólicos, e frações metanólicas e n-hexânicas das espécies H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum H. myrianthum e H. polyanthemum, bem como produtos isolados de espécies de Hypericum nativas do Estado apresentam potencial antioxidante. A regeneração in vitro foi obtida em meio Murashige & Skoog modificado (MΔ) para as espécies H. campestre, H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum, H. myrianthum, H. polyanthemum e H. ternum utilizando diferentes combinações e concentrações dos reguladores de crescimento 6-benzilamino-purina (BAP), ácido naftaleno-acético (ANA) e ácido 2,4 dicloro-fenóxi-acético (2,4-D). Plântulas dessas espécies foram posteriormente aclimatizadas com sucesso, sendo cultivadas a campo. As espécies micropropagadas demonstraram perfis químicos qualitativamente similares aos apresentados pelas plantas desenvolvidas no campo, de modo que o cultivo in vitro apresenta-se como uma alternativa interessante aos métodos convencionais de produção de biomassa para extração de metabólitos secundários bioativos. Culturas de calos foram estabelecidas em meio MΔ para H. myrianthum, H. polyanthemum e H. ternum, utilizando diferentes combinações e concentrações dos reguladores de crescimento cinetina (CIN), BAP, ANA e 2,4-D. Considerando-se as importantes atividades biológicas de produtos obtidos de H. polyanthemum foi estabelecida uma metodologia para quantificação, através da técnica de CLAE, de benzopiranos no extrato apolar desta planta, espécie de ocorrência restrita. A validação analítica foi avaliada conforme o preconizado por normas reconhecidas internacionalmente, com análise dos parâmetros linearidade, seletividade, precisão (repetibilidade e precisão intermediária), exatidão e limites de detecção e quantificação, demonstrando resultados coerentes com os exigidos pela legislação vigente. Foram evidenciadas variações no teor de benzopiranos na planta micropropagada, aclimatizada e desenvolvida a campo, provavelmente devido a fatores, que vão desde a regulação endógena de processos fisiológicos até variações sazonais no cultivo. / Approximately twenty species of Hypericum genus (Guttiferae) are native of Brazil, occurring mainly in the South region. Considering the importance of the genus as a source of compounds with different biological activities, such as analgesic, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiproliferative, among others, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytochemistry and antioxidant potential of some Hypericum species, to develop protocols for the maintenance of the species through in vitro cultures and to validate a technique to quantify the benzopyrans in H. polyanthemum grown in field, in vitro and acclimatized plants. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used for the isolation and identification of the phenolic acid 5-O-caffeoyl-1-methyl ester-quinic acid and the flavonoids quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3-methyl ether, I3,II8-biapigenin, guaijaverin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside, all of them quercetin derivatives and obtained from ethyl acetate fraction of H. ternum aerial parts. From n-hexane fraction of the roots of this species the phloroglucinol derivative uliginosin B was obtained. The flavonoids quercetin and hyperoside (from aerial parts of methanolic fraction), and the phloroglucinol derivatives japonicin A and uliginosin B (from n-hexane fraction of roots) were isolated from H. myrianthum. Total phenol concentration ranging from 37.40 to 228.36 mg QE/g dry extract (Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method) in H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum, H. myrianthum and H. polyanthemum was measured. The antioxidant potential of the extracts obtained from H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum, H. myrianthum and H. polyanthemum and isolated compounds was determined using TRAP (Total Radicaltrapping Antioxidant Parameter), ORAC-PGR (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and bioautographic and spectrofotometric reaction with DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical techniques. In vitro regeneration of H. campestre, H. caprifoliatum, H. carinatum, H. myrianthum, H. polyanthemum and H. ternum was obtained in Murashige & Skoog modified medium (MΔ) supplemented with differents combinations and concentrations of the growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-naphthalene acetic acid (ANA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Plantlets were acclimatizated and transferred to open field. The micropropagated species showed chemical pattern qualitatively similar to field grown plants, demonstrating that the in vitro cultures are an alternative to conventional methods for biomass production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Callus cultures of H. myrianthum, H. polyanthemum and H. ternum were established in MΔ medium using different combinations and concentrations of kinetin (CIN), BAP, ANA and 2,4-D. Considering the important biological activities of the benzopyrans isolated from H. polyanthemum, an HPLC quantification methodology was established. Analytical validation was performed according to international rules (linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, detection and quantitation limits) showing results coherent with those required by the current legislation. Variation of the benzopyrans concentration was observed among the micropropagated plantlet, acclimatizated and field grown plants, probably due to factors as endogenous regulation of physiological process and seasonal variation of the culture.

106 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-05T13:23:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T13:01:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T13:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CNPq / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico do extrato em acetato de etila dos frutos de Genipa americana L. e do extrato em diclorometano das sementes de Spondias mombin L., bem como a determinação do teor de fenólicos totais pelo método convencional de Folin-Ciocalteu e avaliação da atividade antioxidante, medida através dos métodos do sequestro radical livre DPPH e da auto-oxidação do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linolênico das frutas tropicais, Spondias mombin L. (cajá), Spondias purpurea L. (siriguela), Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), Manilkara achras L. (sapoti), Spondias tuberosa L. (umbu) e Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. (jabuticaba), consumidas na Bahia. Além disso, foi avaliada a concentração de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante de diversas partes da jabuticaba, após ser avaliado por planejamento fatorial, diferentes solventes empregados na extração dos fenólicos. Assim, a partir de sucessivos fracionamentos do extrato acetato de etila dos frutos de G. americana foram isolados a mistura de ácido cinâmico e ácido octanóico, a mistura de sitosterol e estigmasterol, além de ácido octanóico, ácido cinâmico e escopoletina. A partir do extrato em diclorometano das sementes de Spondias mombin L. foram isolados o glicerol 1,3-dioleoil-2-linoleoil, a mistura de β-sitosterol e estigmasterol, além da mistura de 1-hidroxi-3-[(Z)-10’-octadecenil]-benzeno e 1-hidroxi-3-[(Z)-10’-docosenil]-benzeno. A elucidação estrutural das substâncias isoladas foi baseada na análise de dados de espectros de Massas, dos espectros de RMN 1H e 13C e comparação com dados da literatura. O teor de compostos fenólicos expressos em miligramas equivalentes ao ácido gálico das frutas variou na faixa de 50,25 ± 4,59 a 1405,79 ± 35,97 para as polpas congeladas, e de 193,87 ± 8,32 a 5198,11 ± 410,92 para polpas liofilizadas. Foi verificado que as diferentes partes de jabuticaba (polpa, casca e suco) apresentavam elevada concentração de compostos fenólicos, sendo que o suco de jabuticaba apresentava a menor concentração de fenólicos (270,66 mg/100g). Assim, foi evidenciado a significativa atividade antioxidante da casca da jabuticaba, bem como, o fato de que todas as amostras estudadas apresentavam elevada concentração de compostos fenólicos, sendo que as polpas, congelada e liofilizada, de jabuticaba apresentavam a maior concentração de fenólicos. / Salvador