Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-202). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-202). Also available on the Internet.

本論文分五章：第一章緒論：敘明研究動機與目的、研究方法與限制、研究架構，並將重要名詞作一解釋。第二章管子管理哲學之時代背景及思想基礎：首先對管仲其人及《管子》其書作一介紹。其次，探討《管子》一書的時代環境背景，了解其所處的時代所面臨的因境，及為解決此困境所發展出的思想，再透過以上的環境系絡分析，對《管子》管理哲學的思想基礎作一初步探討，以作為瞭解其管理哲學的張本。第三章靜因管理《管子》管理哲學兼納道、法、儒三家之長，本章首先論述其管理哲學之偏向道家部分，《管子》一書近人雖多將之歸列為法家著作，惟其係由道入法，因道全法，因此亦具有相當濃厚的道家色彩。它強調為君之道應以虛靜為本，因循為用，無為而治。認為君主必須去除主觀好惡及成見，保持心靈的虛靜，才能夠因應瞬息萬變的外在環境，而有適時且正確的反應。並且主張君主必須清靜無為，不與臣下競能，臣下才能發揮其長才。第四章法治管理：本章論述《管子》管理哲學之偏向法家部分，《管子》一書大部分篇章成於戰國時代的齊國，當時各國競爭極為激烈，齊國執政者關注的目標為富國強兵、稱王圖霸。因此，施政著重效率。為切合時代需求，《管子》的治國主張富有法家的功利務實色彩，主張君主集權、用人唯才、法私任法、賞罰分明。以客觀的標準，有效的控制，集結全民的力量，作為君主圖霸稱王的資本。第五章德治管理：本章論述《管子》管理哲學之偏向儒家部分，《管子》一書雖強調法治，但也肯定禮、義的積極作用，認為「守國之度，在飭四維」，並注重人民的教化。因此，也兼具儒家德治的色彩。惟其較重「禮」「義」的外鑠功能，對於「仁」「恕」之心的內發性的修持涵養則較為欠缺。第六章結論：根據以上探討結果，嘗試以現代眼光，探討管子管理哲學的現代意涵及其侷限。最後並以行政學演進的趨勢為分析架構，探討目前台灣公共行政面臨的問題，以及管子管理哲學可以給我們怎樣的啟發。

This thesis aims to conceptualize what is often referred to in diplomacy, as a policy of “constructive engagement”, by employing neoliberal-institutionalist theories and conflict resolution approaches. The adopted “model for constructive engagement” serves as the theoretical framework and centres on the basic assumption that non-coercive diplomacy coupled with the offer of incentives is best suited at resolving conflict as well as promoting human rights in international relations. Rather than looking at determinants of foreign policy making, the thesis focuses, therefore, on the actual exercise of power and influence in international relations. As such, power, both in terms of a state’s available assets as well as seen as a form causation, is considered the crucial variable in determining diplomatic manoeuvring and negotiation behaviour. The empirical context for the research project is provided by the case of British-Iranian relations during the period from 1989 to 2004. The narrative is divided into two parts: the first one deals with the impact of the fatwa against Salman Rushdie by Ayatollah Khomeini on bilateral relations and investigates British diplomacy towards Tehran, which followed the European Union’s policy of “Critical Dialogue” with Iran. Whilst the promotion of human rights was on the agenda of the “Critical Dialogue”, findings indicate that contrary to other EU member states, most notably Germany, Whitehall was able to genuinely pursuing a policy of “constructive engagement”, demanding meaningful changes in Iranian behaviour. However, findings also show that Britain’s priority was at resolving the “Rushdie affair” and not necessarily at promoting and protecting human rights in Iran. The second part of the narrative looks at the “Comprehensive Dialogue” which was implemented by the European Union in 2000 and established a direct linkage between economic rewards and the improvements of human rights in Iran. Whilst the Iranian government and parliament met EU demands, the country’s maze of power centres, most notably those dominated by hardliners and conservatives, worked against any meaningful improvements in the protection and respect of human rights. Both narratives indicate to what extent diplomacy and negotiations were influenced by domestic constituents, referred to as the Two-Level Game, as well as by asymmetries of interdependence between the EU and Iran. Overall, the data implies that constructive engagement, whilst subject to political and economic interdependence, constitutes an effective form of human rights diplomacy.

本論文分五章:第一章緒論：敘明研究動機、目的、方法與架構。第二章莊子思想背景與基礎：首先對莊子思想形成之背景及其生平作一般性介紹，續而探討莊子管理思想之哲學基礎，以求綱舉目張，以簡御繁，有助於探索莊子整個思想領域。並以現今科學研究新趨勢及當代管理的困境，說明莊子管理思想之現代意義與必要性。第三章莊子管理哲學之人文精神： 對「人」的關注是莊子管理哲學的根本，基於對被管理者的維護，莊子對管理者所應具備的理想人格相當重視。管理者透過心齋坐忘的工夫，消融自身的成見與偏執。「我執」泯除，群我關係自能建立在更自由平等的基礎上。而自由與平等的對待，是組織創意與彈性的來源，正是組織面對當今變局的利器。本章末節將莊子之人文精神統整於「齊物」觀點之中，主張萬般個性，各適其適，道通為一，世間之物縱使千差萬別，但終為道體幻化，其價值不應有高低之別。第四章莊子之管理藝術：莊子「道」的呈現與藝藝心靈的呈現相似。透過精神的作用，使心靈的自由與清明常現，游刃有餘的自在，造就管理者一體多面的應變力，使其「以環中之道，應無窮之變」。此即莊子管理哲學妙用之所在，概可將其內涵歸納為四個主題：淡泊權位、環中調和、技與道、無為而治，以進一步探討莊子管理藝術的境界。第五章結論：探討莊子哲學對於超越西方理性型模管理與方法論上的啟示，並闡述其對超化權力慾望的貢獻，期以莊子藝術化的思想為「管理」的範疇添注美學的意涵。