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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Estudo da degradação eletroquímica, fotolítica, fotocatalítica e eletrofotocatalítica do hormônio etinilestradiol / Study of electrochemical degradation, photochemical, and photocatalytic eletrofotocatalitica the hormone ethinylestradiol

Emerson Jeronymo Eduardo 18 September 2009 (has links)
Nos últimos anos, a pesquisa ambiental tem se defrontado com sérios problemas em relação a algumas substâncias presentes no meio aquático em pequenas concentrações. Os desruptores endócrinos tais como produtos farmacêuticos, hormônios naturais e sintéticos, pesticidas, substancias tensosativas, polímeros de baixa massa molar e diversos outros contaminantes orgânicos presentes em efluentes municipais e industriais, são exemplos dessas substancias que contribuem para alterar o funcionamento do sistema endócrino. Varias técnicas já foram empregadas na degradação dessas substancias contida no meio aquático, mas não se demonstraram eficazes.Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a degradação do Hormônio etinilestradiol que é um agente terapêutico e um método contraceptivo muito usado. É preocupante o crescente uso desta substância, pois é encontrada no meio aquático de várias partes do mundo.Para a degradação do hormônio etinilestadiol testou!se quatro técnicas de degradação, (a) eletrólise, (b) fotólise, (c) fotocatálise e (d) eletrofotocatálise.O eletrodo de trabalho utilizado foi de carbono vítreo em meio de KCl para a eletrólise. Como catalisador utilizou!se o Ti/TiO2 na fotocatálise e foteletrocatálise. Os processos degradativos foram acompanhados por espectroscopia UV-vis e cromatografia HPLC.Foram feitos testes de identificação da formação de clorato e hipoclorito nas amostras finais, pois estas espécies podem auxiliar na degradação de substâncias orgânica nos processos eletroquímicos e fotoquímicos. / In recent years, the environmental research has been facing serious problems in relation to some substances in the aquatic environment in small concentrations, such as the endocrine desruptores pharmaceuticals, natural and synthetic hormones, pesticides, tensosativas substances, polymers of low molar mass and different other organic contaminants present in municipal and industrial effluents, are examples of substances that contribute to change and the functioning of the endocrine system. Several techniques have been used for the degradation of these substances in the aquatic environment, but none demonstrated effectiveness.This work aimed to study the degradation of the hormone ethinyl estradiol which is a therapeutic agent and is widely used in contraceptive method. It is worrying the increasing use of this substance because it is found in various parts of the world.It was tested four techniques of degradation of the hormone, (a) electrolysis, (b) photolysis, (c) photocatalysis and (d) photoelectrocatalysis. The working electrode of glassy carbon was used in KCl medium for electrolysis. As catalyst, was used Ti/TiO2 in the photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. The degradation process was followed by UV-vis spectroscopy and HPLC chromatography.It was carried out tests to identify the formation of chlorate and hypochlorite in the samples once these species can help the degradation in electrochemical and photochemical process.
42

Fotofísica de enodionas / Photophysical enedione

Eduardo Tedeschi 05 October 2006 (has links)
Em 1906, Albrecht obteve a primeira enodiona conhecida, ao reagir benzoquinona com ciclopentadieno. A estrutura desta enodiona somente foi elucidada em 1928, por Diels e Alder que, entretanto, perceberam ser possív.el existirem dois diferentes isômeros para o composto em questão: endo e exo. A descoberta, em 1958, da reação de fotocilização deste aduto de Diels-Alder, por Cookson e colaboradores, demonstrou que se tratava do isômero endo e esta reação passou a ser utilizada para se comprovar a configuração endo de vários compostos de estrutura análoga. Porém, apesar de sua importância histórica como método para comprovar a configuração dos adutos de Diels-Alder, os dados disponíveis até hoje são insuficientes para o esclarecimento dos processos subjacentes à fotociclização desses compostos, especialmente porque hoje sabemos que existem adutos de configuração endo que não fotociclizam. Visando aumentar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento destes adutos frente à reação de fotociclização, determinaram-se seus espectros de absorção (na região do UVNisível) e de emissão de luminescência e concluiu-se, com base em nossos resultados e daqueles relatados na literatura, que o fato de não ocorrer a fotociclização de alguns adutos de configuração endo não depende exclusivamente da estabilidade dos estados excitados envolvidos, ainda que essa característica e a natureza destes certamente afete os rendimentos quânticos da reação. Antes, parece-nos que estruturas que permitam deslocalizar um dos elétrons do birradical intermediariamente formado neste processo propiciam a reversão deste intermediário ao reagente, ao invés de se formar o produto de fotociclização. Alem disso, reinvestigamos a reação de fotoisomerização endo → exo do aduto de benzoquinona e ciclopentadieno, por irradiação em etanol/trietil-amina, relatada por Pandey e colaboradores em 1990, tendo verificado que tal isomerização não ocorre nas condições descritas na literatura, obtendo-se, ao invés disso, principalmente o tautômero aromático da enodiona e seu produto de fotociclização. Por outro lado, descobrimos que, deixar em repouso, no escuro, o aduto de benzoquinona e ciclopentadieno em etanol/trietil-amina conduz,a um dímero deste aduto, não descrito previamente. / In 1906, Albrecht obtained the first known enedione from the reaction of benzoquinone with cyclopentadiene. However, it was only in 1928 that Diels and Alder established the correct structure for this enedione, having, subsequently, realized that such a compound may exist as two different isomers: endo and exo. Cookson\'s and coauthors\' discovery, in 1958, of the fotocyclization reaction for this Diels-Alder adduct did establish that Albrecht\'s enedione is the endo isomer, and has become the standard procedure to demonstrate endo configuration for many related compounds. Despite its historical relevance as a configurational proof, the photocyclization reaction remains ill understood from a photophysical point-of-view, since ali data available at this point in time does not suffice to explain its course satisfactorily, the more so as there are derivatives of Albrecht\'s enedione which are now known not to photocyclize, despite having endo configuration. Wishing to expand the current knowledge about the behaviour of these adducts during the photocyclization reaction, we have measured their UVNisible absorption and luminescence emission spectra, on the basis of which - coupled to the literature data we have concluded that the non-photocyclization of some endo-adducts does not depend solely on the stability of the involved excited states, although this characteristic and their nature surely does affect the reaction\'s quantum yields. It now seems to us that structures leading to the delocalization of one of the electrons in the biradical intermediate formed in this process leads to the reversion to the reagent of this intermediate, instead of allowing it to become the photocyclization product. We have also reinvestigated the endo → exo fotoisomerization reaction of the cyclopentadiene-benzoquinone adduct, under photoirradiation in ethanolltriethylamine solution, originally reported in 1990 by Pandey an coworkers, having shown that such a reaction does not take place as described in the literature, and that, instead of yielding the exo-isomer, it leads to the aromatic tautomer of the enedione, together with the photocyclization product. On the other hand, we have found out that letling Albrecht\'s enedione stand in the dark in ethanolltriethylamine solution produces a previously unreported dimer of this adduct.
43

The Mercury-Sensitized Photochemical Reactions of Isopropyl Benzene and Methylcyclohexane

Holland, Walter January 1951 (has links)
This thesis describes the theoretical results of mercury-sensitized photochemical reactions of isopropyl benzene and methylcyclohexane. The reactions are carried out and the results are analyzed.
44

Mercury-Sensitized Photochemical Reactions of Isopropyl Alcohol

Armstrong, Andrew Thurman 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis describes the reactions of mercury-sensitized isopropyl alcohol when bombarded with 2537 Angstrom radiation.
45

Computer modeling of photochemical ozone formation: a simplified approach

Moshiri, Ebrahim 01 January 1984 (has links)
Photochemically produced ozone represents a worldwide enviromental hazard. Controlling ozone formation in polluted air requires control of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides precursors. The degree of control can be established with the chemical model of the reacting species. A hydrocarbon-specific photochemical ozone model is developed, based upon a minimum set of chemical equations. This model eliminates the need for the traditional "brute force" approach to integrate systems of tens or even hundreds of simultaneous differential equations. We have sought to develop the full kinetic potential for simplification which this chemical system may have. Key features of the model are reaction of parent hydrocarbon with hydroxyl radical (OH) to produce products, which themselves react with OH or are photodissociated. These basic steps are summarized by three rate parameters which describe NO photooxidation and ultimate accumulation of ozone. Since the mechanism may be solved in a closed form, it is a simple matter to evaluate the rate parameters for any hydrocarbon from smog chamber data. This evaluation can be carried out by analysis of data in NO photooxidation regime, before ozone begins to accumulate. The simple model for NO photooxidation is transformed to give an equation which describes the number of NO conversions per hydrocarbon decay, independent of time or of hydroxyl radical concentration. Comparison of the rate parameters determined from existing smog chamber data for n-butane and propene shows a very good agreement with explicit mechanisms for these extensively studied hydrocarbons. Rate parameters have been determined for a number of less studied hydrocarbons as well.
46

Photochemical Grafting of Methyl and Ferrocenyl Groups on Si(111)Surface / Si(111)面へのメチル基およびフェロセニル基分子の光化学的固定化

Herrera, Marvin Ustaris 24 September 2013 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17886号 / 工博第3795号 / 新制||工||1580(附属図書館) / 30706 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉村 博之, 教授 酒井 明, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
47

Synthesis and Properties of Open-Cage Fullerene C60 Derivatives Encapsulating a Small Molecule / 小分子を内包した開口フラーレンC60誘導体の合成と性質

Futagoishi, Tsukasa 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20396号 / 工博第4333号 / 新制||工||1671(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 村田 靖次郎, 教授 辻 康之, 教授 中村 正治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
48

An Investigation of the Thermal and Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms of Cycloalkenes and Ferrocenes with Ozone by Matrix Isolation Spectroscopic Analysis and Theoretical Calculations

Pinelo, Laura F. 05 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
49

Biodegradable Magnesium Implants for Medical Applications

Tiasha, Tarannum R. 16 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
50

Application of Transition Metal Coordination for Energy Efficient Processes: Catalysis and Separation

Shrestha, Sweta January 2017 (has links)
No description available.

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