The double product break point (DPBP) has been shown to occur in normal and cardiac subjects with values comparable to the ventilatory threshold (VT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intramodal and intermodal reliability of DPBP measurements during treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometry (C) exercise and to compare the DPBP to the VT. Seventeen subjects, (eight men and nine women) ages 18-60 (31.5 ± 12.4 yrs), performed four maximal exercise tests, two utilizing a standardized ramp treadmill and two utilizing an individualized ramp cycle protocol. A minimum of 48 hours separated each test. Double product (DP) was measured every 15 seconds during each test via the Kyokko Bussan CM-4001 automated blood pressure unit. Breath by breath analysis of gas exchange measurements were performed. The DPBP and VT was determined visually by three blinded observers (acceptance criteria being at least 2 observers agreeing within 10%). There were no significant intramodal differences in the V02 at the DPBP (ml'kg'1'min 1) for the two treadmill trials (23.8 + 4.9, 23.2 ±5.0) or for the two cycle trials (21.7 +7.2, 21.7 ±6.4). There was also no significant mean intermodal difference in the V02 at the DPBP for the treadmill and cycle (24.4 + 4.4, 23.1 + 5.8). Intramodal intraclass correlations for the DPBP were 0.84 and 0.79 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. Intermodal intraclass correlation for the DPBP was 0.85. There were significant differences between the DPBP and the VT for both the treadmill (23.3 + 4.7, 28.2 ± 5.3)and the cycle (22.1 + 7.1, 27.5 ± 10.4). Correlations for the DPBP/VT comparison were 0.43 and 0.78 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that DPBP measurements are reliable both intramodally and intermodally, however due to a wide range in correlations, the results suggest that the DPBP and VT are not occurring at similar V02 values. / School of Physical Education

This study was designed to assess the independent effect of a field learning trial, combined with various forms of exercise intensity feedback on the self-regulation of exercise intensity. Following a treadmill test, 42 males (21.8±2.7yrs) were randomly assigned to one of 3 exercise intensity feedback groups: heart rate (HR), heart rate + rating of perceived exertion (HR+RPE) or no systematic feedback (CONT). Half of the subjects in each group, were paced (P) to target heart rate (THR) during the first 800 meter field trial on day 1. Subjects in the non-paced (NP) groups completed the first trial at a self-selected pace. Following the first trial, subjects were instructed to exercise at their target intensity, and received the designated feedback after each of three 800m trials, on four days (D1-D4) within one week. Deviations (±bpm) from THR were recorded following each trial, and group means (S.D.) are presented below. Differences among groups were tested using a 3-way ANOVA (pacing x feedback x trials) with repeated measures across trials.GROUPDAY 1DAY 2DAY 3DAY 4P HR8.8(4.3)2.5(3.6)5.3(4.3)2.5(4.2)NP HR4.8(9.8)3.1(3.8)1.7(1.7)2.3(3.3)P HR+RPE6.1(6.6)1.3(6.4)2.8(5.8)2.1(3.4)NP HR+RPE9.0(9.0)6.9(6.6)4.3(8.0)3.6(5.7)PCONT5.7(5.9)2.9(12.3)5.4(8.8)2.4(13.5)NP CONT *21.67.316.38.416.010.914.17.5* NP CONT > all other groups on each day (p < 0.05)The pacing x feedback x trials interaction was not significant within any day. All groups increased accuracy from D1-D4, with most of the improvement being noted between D1 & D2 (p < 0.01). The addition of RPE (HR+RPE) feedback during the trials did not result in greater accuracy when compared to HR only feedback. Although both the P CONT & NP CONT groups improved across days, the P-CONT subjects were no less accurate than the groups using HR or HR+RPE feedback. Thus, a single 4-5 minute learning trial was as effective as the use of HR and perceptual feedback in the self-regulation of exercise training intensity in the field setting. / School of Physical Education

The purpose of this investigation was to describe patterns of physical self-efficacy and touch communication attitudes, by gender. The understanding of these two cognitive measures may contribute to the foundation for explaining the dynamics of physical, social, and emotional wellness or at least contribute to the current literature and serve as a guide for future research. Two undergraduate health science classes, consisting of 130 males and 158 females, were surveyed with a combined instrument that measured physical self-efficacy, using the Physical Self-Efficacy Inventory developed by Ryckman and colleagues (1982), and touch communication, using the TACTYPE instrument developed by Hines (1978). A secondary purpose of this study was to describe the subscale relationships between the two aforementioned instruments. Frequency tables and summary statistics were computed to describe physical self-efficacy and touch communication total scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe subscale relationships. A gender difference for total physical self-efficacy was noted. In addition, some significant, but relatively weak, correlations were described between the two instruments' subscales. This writing includes: (a) An introduction, (b) a literature review that introduces wellness, explains physical self-efficacy and touch communication, and describes their relationship to health, (c) a synopsis of the research method, (d) a descriptive report of the findings, and (e) a summary with discussion, conclusions and recommendations for future study. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Historical Involvement and Mastery of a skill on Self-Esteem. Much of the literature on the relationship between self-esteem and physical conditioning has mixed findings. In this study it was hypothesized that Historical Involvement and Mastery of physical conditioning skills and industrial arts skills would significantly influence self-esteem scores.Physical Conditioning and Industrial Arts skills groups were utlized as Ss. Eighty-five male and female undergraduates from physical conditioning skills classes and ninety-three male and female undergraduates from industrial arts skills classes participated. Both groups participated in their respective skills for one hour a day, four days a week, for ten consecutive weeks. They completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale prior to and immediately following the classes. They also completed an Historical Involvement questionnaire for their respective skill.In the primary analysis, a 2 (Skill--Physical Conditioning, Industrial Arts) x 3 (History--Mastery/History, Mastery/Non-History, Non-Mastery)-Analysis of Variance was performed. Mastery was distinguished by the grade B or above. Five planned comparisons using t tests were performed to test the research hypotheses. The levels of Historical Involvement and Mastery did not significantly affect self-esteem scores in either skills group. As was hypothesized, there were no significant differences in self-esteem scores either in the Non-History/mastery condition. Physical conditioning classes overall did produce higher scores than industrial arts classes, regardless of History or Mastery. However, when a ninety-five percent confidence interval was constructed, the difference between these two groups could have been as little as 0.2 units or as much as 1.5 units. Therefore, while statistically significant, this finding should be interpreted cautiously.A secondary analysis was performed in the Physical Conditioning group only, measuring percentage of skill improvement. The Ss were grouped into High and Low percentages of improvement and showed no significant differences on self-esteem scores.It is suggested that individuals' attitudes toward a particular skill and the value it has in their lives and/or their perceptions of their improvement might be the factors that relate to changes in self-esteem with mastery of that skill.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Menslike Bewegingskunde))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Menslike Bewegingskunde))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

No description available.

This study examined the relationship between the physical fitness of National Hockey League (NHL) entry draft players and performance in the NHL. Physiological profiles were compared by level (NHL vs non-NHL) and position (forwards vs defense). The fitness level was determined by an assessment of body composition, anaerobic fitness, strength, power, muscular endurance, flexibility, and aerobic fitness. Subjects were 422 male hockey players, consisting of NHL entry draft (n = 310), minor league professional (n = 59) and NHL professional (n = 53) players. Results revealed that when drafted, physiological profiles of players who reach the NHL were significantly different from non-NHL players. Players that eventually made the NHL tended to be heavier and had higher peak power (W), mean power (W), VO2max (L/min), grip strength and leg power. The fitness variables in the test battery had low predictive power to identify players who played in the NHL. Physiological profiles of forwards were significantly different from defense. Defense were taller, heavier, and fatter than forwards. Defense had higher peak power (W), grip strength and leg power compared to forwards. The forwards were higher in VO2max when expressed relative to body weight. NHL entry draft players were lower in upper body strength than minor league professionals and NHL players.

No description available.

No description available.