Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation treats of the study of the media printed of the municipal district of Santa Maria, interior of Rio Grande do Sul, and the construction of the identity of the pickers of materials you recycled the local community close to. The objective principal of that research is to analyze the journalistic matters that represent the constitution of the identity of the pickers in the newspapers The Reason and Diary of Santa Maria. For that, we accomplished a comparative research of critical character and of speech analysis, in which we selected a corpus of 15 news of the newspaper The Reason and 14 news of Santa Maria's Diary, totaling 29 matters that refer to the pickers in the text, as well as in the images. The analysis is divided in three parts, accomplished separately in each one of the newspapers, in which it is evaluated, firstly, the value-news associated to the pickers of materials; then the verbal text of the matters is analyzed; and, finally, it is studied the text iconic of the newspapers. The research is divided in three parts. In the first we looked for to understand the social identity of the pickers, in other words, as they are seen by the other segments of the society, like them they live and in that conditions work. In the second it leaves, we approached the reasons that take the pickers the if they transform on the agenda in the media and, for that we treated of the noticiability criteria and of the value-news. The third chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the journalistic matters. With base in the appreciations, it is verified that the local newspapers refer from a several way to the pickers of materials you recycled. While The Reason focuses aspects positive, linked the participation of the pickers in social projects, building a cheerful image, relaxed, as well as of people that possess knowledge and experiences to count, Santa Maria's Daily newspaper represents them with a despair image and sadness, living in an exclusion reality and miserability. The Diary just I not satisfied in offering voice to the pickers of materials, him also mixture your voice with the one of this worker, approaching of the point of view of this last one and, like this, demonstrating with the lot of feeling the aspects of the replete life of difficulties. / Esta dissertação trata do estudo da mídia impressa do município de Santa Maria, interior do Rio Grande do Sul, e a construção da identidade dos catadores de materiais recicláveis junto à comunidade local. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é analisar as matérias jornalísticas que representem a constituição da identidade dos catadores nos jornais A Razão e Diário de Santa Maria. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa comparativa de caráter crítico e de análise de discurso, na qual selecionamos um corpus de 15 notícias do jornal A Razão e 14 notícias do Diário de Santa Maria, totalizando 29 matérias que se referem aos catadores no texto, bem como nas imagens. A análise está dividida em três partes, realizadas separadamente em cada um dos jornais, nas quais se avalia, primeiramente, os valores-notícia associados aos catadores; depois se analisa o texto verbal das matérias; e, por fim, estuda-se o texto icônico dos jornais. A pesquisa está dividida em três partes. Na primeira busca-se compreender a identidade social dos catadores, ou seja, como são vistos pelos demais segmentos da sociedade, como eles vivem e em que condições trabalham. Na segunda parte, aborda-se os motivos que levam os catadores a se transformarem em pauta na mídia e, para isso são tratados os critérios de noticiabilidade e os valores-notícia. No terceiro capítulo, trata-se dos procedimentos para a elaboração do corpus, da metodologia e da análise das matérias jornalísticas sobre os catadores. Com base nas apreciações, constata-se que os jornais locais referem-se de maneira diversa aos catadores de materiais recicláveis. A Razão apresenta os catadores envoltos em fatos e eventos inusitados, surpreendentes, enfocando aspectos positivos, ligados a participação dos catadores em um projeto social e construindo uma imagem alegre, descontraída, bem como de pessoas ativas socialmente. Este jornal possui uma enunciação mais objetiva e imparcial (se comparada à enunciação do Diário) no que se refere às matérias sobre os catadores e busca distanciar-se da linguagem coloquial, não se comprometendo com a fala desses trabalhadores. O Diário de Santa Maria representa os catadores em situações predominantemente negativas, com uma imagem de desespero, tristeza e sofrimento, vivendo numa realidade de exclusão e miserabilidade. O Diário não se contenta apenas em oferecer voz ao catador, ele também mistura a sua voz com a deste trabalhador, aproximando-se do ponto de vista deste último e, assim, demonstrando com muito sentimentalismo os aspectos de uma vida repleta de dificuldades.

O presente trabalho busca, a partir do referencial teórico-metodológico da análise crítica do discurso, examinar as mensagens passadas pela campanha governamental \"Separe o lixo e acerte na lata\". Esta campanha foi realizada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente em parceria com o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome, no ano de 2011, no bojo da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e tem como principal objetivo educar e preparar a população para o descarte correto do lixo doméstico, tendo em vista que a política previa uma alteração na gestão dos resíduos dentro dos municípios até o ano de 2013. O corpus da pesquisa foi composto pelas peças publicitárias da campanha, em um total de dez - entre cartazes, vídeos e sposts de rádio - pelo briefing de comunicação utilizado pela agência publicitária para a elaboração das peças e pelas entrevistas com seis técnicos que estavam na época envolvidos com a campanha. Tendo esse material em mãos, buscamos entendê-la em sua profundidade, partindo do pressuposto de que não há neutralidade nos discursos, sendo todos eles atravessados por interesses e vieses. A análise realizada suscitou discussões interessantes sobre o caráter da educação ambiental praticada pelo governo; sobre o modelo de reciclagem dentro da sociedade capitalista; e também sobre a forma como se abordou a questão dos catadores de material reciclável e suas precárias condições de trabalho dentro da nossa sociedade. / The present work seeks, from the theoretical-methodological framework of the critical analysis of the discourse, to analyze the message passed by the government campaign \"Separate the trash and hit the can\". This campaign was carried out by the Ministry of the Environment in partnership with the Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger in 2011, within the framework of the National Solid Waste Policy and its main objective is to educate and prepare the population for the correct disposal of household waste, considering that the policy foresees a change in waste management within the municipalities until the year 2013. The corpus of the research was composed by the advertising pieces of the campaign, in a total of ten - among posters, videos and sposts of radio - by the communication briefing used by the advertising agency to prepare the pieces and by the interviews with six technicians who were involved in the campaign at the time. With this material in hand, we seek to understand the campaign in its depth, starting from the assumption that there is no neutrality in the speeches, all of them being crossed by interests and biases. The analysis made interesting discussions about the nature of environmental education practiced by the government; about the model of recycling within capitalist society; and also about how the issue of waste pickers and their precarious working conditions within our society was addressed.

No Brasil, a gestão e destinação de resíduos sólidos são problemáticas e podem ter grandes melhoras com o cumprimento das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Esta Política aponta para os princípios da Gestão Integrada de Resíduos (GIR), que indica diversificação no tratamento e disposição final como última alternativa. Uma ferramenta importante na GIR é a reciclagem, que no Brasil se estruturou com base no trabalho do catador, fragilizado na Cadeia Produtiva de reciclagem, não possuindo profissionalização equiparada com os outros membros. Verificada a situação de responsabilidade delegada aos catadores no futuro da Gestão de Resíduos sólidos e sua condição atual, no contexto de uma associação de catadores, constatou-se que os agentes se consideram em posição desigual dentro da Cadeia, e apresentam a necessidade de melhorar a comercialização e percebe-se esta Cadeia de Reciclagem comprometida neste ponto. Isto se verificou porque a estrutura da associação era limitada em vários aspectos. A PNRS atribui grande importância aos catadores, que aqui não dariam conta de coletar os resíduos, isto pela necessária melhora da gestão. Há também o fato de que alguns materiais não são de interesse do catador, considerados inviáveis. A reciclagem de certos materiais não ocorrerá naturalmente, sendo necessário algum tipo de intervenção. / In Brazil, management and solid waste disposal are problematic and can have major improvements to compliance with the guidelines of the Brazilian National Policy (PNRS), that points to the principles of the Integrated Waste Management (GIR), which indicates waste treatment and disposal diversification and final disposal as the last alternative. An important tool in the GIR is recycling, which in Brazil is structured based on the work of the waste picker, weakened actor within the Recycling Production Chain, which has no professional capability as the other members. Verifying the situation regarding the responsible delegated to the waste pickers in the future of the solid waste management, and its current condition, in a waste pickers association, It was found that the collectors consider themselves in an unequal position within the chain, and have need of commercial relations improvement. Upon the lack of equivalent professionalism of the waste picker with the other levels, it is clear that the recycling chain is committed at this point. This occurred because the structure of the association was limited in several respects. The PNRS assigns great importance to the collector, that here were not going to collect all the waste, because there is necessary improved in management. There is also the fact that there are some materials that they do not work for its non-viability. It was found that the recycling of certain materials will not occur naturally, requiring some type of intervention.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solaine_Gotardo_Dissertacao.pdf: 408524 bytes, checksum: 5873a62d6e5553b82fa71291ccdc60f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / This paper broaches the educational processes concerned to the work of solid waste selective collection using as reference the dynamic of production, both associated and single. First we present the research outlines pointing the origins of the proposal, its methodological course and the data obtained through the cooperative field analysis. Subsequently we part from the theoretical referential to discuss the work dimensions in collecting and separating solid waste, relating them to the aspects of the research street field. In the third part we aim to approach the theoretical framework and the previous information between the collectors work in cooperatives and in the streets, emphasizing the perspective of the formation of a Labour Pedagogy. Finally we present some results of the research which allow us to conclude that as a learning process, the work of collecting on the streets is restricted to a mechanical reproduction of work as a way of living, without an implicit pedagogical perception. The impact on the achievement of this activity is in the fact that the workers don t recognize their learning process and remain isolated from the other workers, who are understood as contestants and not as partners. This atomization grants a guardianship relation under their buyers, who are the people which guarantee for the informal collectors in the streets a source of information and preparation for work In their turn the pedagogical processes in solidarity enterprises are more intensely experienced under the aspects of organization, management and relationship among the workers and the impact produced at work, according to the associated form, is in the fulfilment of a self-managed activity under a less painful condition to the labour fullfilment / A presente dissertação aborda os processos educativos que permeiam o trabalho da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos, tendo como referência, a dinâmica da produção associada e individual. Inicialmente, apresentamos o delineamento da pesquisa indicando a origem da proposta, seu percurso metodológico e os apontamentos obtidos através do campo cooperado do presente estudo. A seguir, são discutidas, a partir do enfoque teórico, as dimensões do trabalho na coleta e separação de resíduos relacionando-as aos aspectos do campo da rua da pesquisa. No terceiro momento, faz-se a aproximação do referencial teórico e dos apontamentos já existentes entre o ambiente cooperado e o de rua, com ênfase na perspectiva da formação de uma pedagogia do trabalho. Ao final, fazemos alguns apontamentos enquanto resultados da pesquisa onde podemos concluir que: Enquanto processo de aprendizagem, o trabalho de coleta de rua, restringe-se a uma reprodução mecânica do trabalho enquanto meio de sobrevivência, sem a percepção pedagógica implícita. O impacto na realização da sua atividade está na medida em que não reconhece sua aprendizagem e situa-se isoladamente em relação aos demais trabalhadores; entendidos como concorrentes e não como parceiros; e essa condição de atomização confere uma relação de tutela sob o seu comprador que é com quem os catadores de rua estabelecem sua fonte de informação e preparação para o trabalho. Por sua vez, os processos pedagógicos nos Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários são vivenciados mais intensamente sob os aspectos da organização, gerenciamento e relacionamento entre os trabalhadores e o impacto produzido no trabalho, segundo a forma associada, está no desempenho de uma atividade autogerida sob uma condição menos penosa para realização do trabalho

Magister Artium - MA / A widespread phenomenon on dumpsites in the developing world, subsistence waste picking is also a common practice at the city-owned Coastal Park Landfill (CPL) in Muizenberg. Poor unemployed people from the townships of Capricorn, Vrygrond and Hillview, situated at the foot of the tip ―skarrel for scrap‖ every day. The word skarreling is an Afrikaans term meaning to rummage or scrabble, scuttle or scurry. Thus, if one talks of ―skarreling for scrap‖, it generally refers to poor people trying to eke out a living by looking for recyclables in the waste that can be put to personal use or turned into money. In the two decades since the transition to democracy, South Africa and the City of Cape Town (CCT) have formulated a number of framework and subordinate policies which express their commitment to sustainable development (SD). SD aims to achieve a balance between its three components, economic, environmental and social sustainability. Thus, SD is not only about increased economic efficiency and stability, while at the same time reducing pollution and handling natural resources more thoughtfully; it is also about promoting social equity by reducing poverty and empowering the poor. This study is guided by the assumption that waste pickers in developing countries play an important part in recycling efforts, and that recycling in turn is an integral component of SD, which is the guiding principle of South African policy-making. In an ideal scenario – as implicitly promised by the policies on SD – the management of solid waste should pursue the economic and environmental goals of SD by promoting recycling and should be aligned with the goal of creating sustainable livelihoods. However, the reality in the CCT is a different one. Landfill skarreling in the CCT, and particularly at CPL, is accompanied by conflict and a criminalisation of the skarrelaars. The CCT decided to phase out landfill salvaging in 2008, and subsequently has put a lot of effort into keeping skarrelaars away from its landfills. The implications of this decision – job losses for poor people and a potential increase in crime – have not been thought through. There is thus a dysfunctional triangular relationship around waste recycling in the CCT, leading to tensions between (1) the City‘s commitment to SD; (2) 5 its approach towards recycling (as part of solid waste management) in policy and practice; and (3) the livelihoods of the poor in adjacent townships. In the CCT the goals of SD are undermined by the City‘s recycling strategies, with adverse effects for the livelihoods of the people who live off skarreling. There are several causes for this disjuncture between policy and reality. The first has to do with ignorance on the side of the policymakers. They seem to be badly informed about the extent and nature of skarreling, perhaps assuming that this activity is performed only by a few people who need quick cash for drugs. The second cause can be attributed to the neoliberal macro-policies pursued in South Africa, as well as to the global competition between cities for investment. This neoliberal urbanism leads cities like Cape Town to re-imagine themselves as ―world (-class) cities‖, in which poor waste pickers are perceived as a disturbing factor. In the CCT, this goes hand in hand with an approach reminiscent of the apartheid mindset, which saw the need to control poor, black (and potentially unruly) people. The dissertation therefore focuses on the core themes of sustainable development, (urban) neoliberalism, and informality in combination with a case study of the informal waste pickers at the chosen landfill site. Writing from a political studies angle, this study is framed as a policy critique: it argues that the policies around SWM ignore South African realities, and that the SD policies and their implementation lack coherence. Moreover, the conflict between the skarrelaars and the CCT at the CPL is rooted in inadequate national and local legislation which does not acknowledge the role of informal waste pickers in SWM and aims at excluding rather than including them. If waste pickers were supported in their recycling efforts in both policy and practice, this would be a win-win situation for the state/city (economic benefits and less crime), the skarrelaars (regular employment and incomes) and the environment (less waste buried on landfills). The case study is primarily designed as a qualitative study, but also includes quantitative elements as it attempts a first quantification of the extent and nature of skarreling at the CPL site, one of only three operating dumpsites in Cape Town. The aim on the one hand is to estimate the contribution of the skarrelaars to waste reduction (and therefore to sustainability) in the City, especially since the waste they collect is not buried on the landfill, thereby prolonging the operational life span of the landfill. The other aim is to assess the role of the skarrelaars as an economic factor in the township, in particular the question of how important the incomes generated from skarreling are for their individual livelihoods and for the community as a whole.

South Africa has one of the highest unemployment rates in the world. The majority of the economically active, but unemployed people enter the informal economic sector, as a means to make ends meet. Waste recycling falls into this informal sector. On average South Africa recovers about 52 percent of all recoverable paper and 26 percent of all recoverable plastic per annum. These figures are low when compared with developed countries where up to 90 percent of recoverable paper is recovered. As recycling creates job and income generating opportunities, it thus has a vital role to play in poverty alleviation. The research examines the role of subsistence waste pickers in the recycling industry in South Africa. The research was qualitative and exploratory in nature. Data for this study was gathered through 30 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the recycling industry. In total, informal waste pickers provide at least 84 percent of all recyclable materials in Johannesburg through merchants, recyclers and producers of recyclable material in Johannesburg. Informal waste pickers bring considerable socio-economic benefits to countries around the globe, providing work for the unskilled, providing a constant supply of secondary raw materials to the local manufacturing industries and significantly reducing the quantity of waste to landfill sites. However, the research will show that even in the best situations, waste pickers suffer ergonomic problems due to the physically taxing nature of their job, as well as psychological and social disadvantages stemming from their low social status. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

O presente trabalho mapeou o processo de formação da Central das Cooperativas de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis do Vale do Paraíba, Litoral Norte e Serra da Mantiqueira, localizada no estado de São Paulo e denominada de Rede CATAVALE. A relevância do tema se constitui a partir da problemática ambiental causada pela geração cada vez maior de resíduos sólidos, e da necessidade de uma gestão integrada e sustentável destes resíduos; além de por fim no ano de 2010 ter sido decretada e aprovada a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Na PNRS, um dos enfoques ao tratamento dos resíduos é o processo da reciclagem. O processo da reciclagem tem como primeiro passo a coleta seletiva. No Brasil a coleta seletiva de materiais recicláveis se dá em sua maioria através do trabalho dos catadores de materiais recicláveis. Desta forma, a participação dos catadores torna-se crucial no processo da reciclagem, e logo a necessidade de que estes estejam cada vez mais organizados, a fim de propiciar uma efetiva gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Logo, entende-se que a compreensão da dinâmica de formação de uma rede de cooperativas de catadores de materiais recicláveis é importante, pois serve de exemplo a possíveis proposições de políticas públicas vinculadas a gestão de resíduos e nos processos de inclusão e emancipação social. O trabalho realiza tal análise baseado nos conceitos de desenvolvimento local integrado, sustentável, cooperativismo e no conceito de trabalho em rede. / This study mapped the constitution process of the Recyclable Materials Cooperatives of Scavengers in the Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil. CATAVALE. The relevance of the subject is constituted from the environmental problems caused by the increasing generation of solid waste; the need for an integrated and sustainable management of these waste; and because in 2010 it has been enacted and approved the National Policy on Waste Solids (PNRS). In the PNRS one of the approaches to the treatment of waste is put it through the process of recycling. The first step of the process of recycling is the selective collection. In Brazil the selective collection of recyclable materials occurs mostly through the work of the recyclable materials pickers. Thus the participation of the pickers becomes crucial in the process of recycling, and so the need that they get organized in order to provide an effective management of municipal solid waste. Therefore, it is understood that the comprehension of the dynamics of the construction of a scavengers cooperatives network is relevant, because it could be an example to possible propositions of public policies related to waste management, social inclusion and emancipation. The paper makes such an analysis based on the concepts of integrated and sustainable local development, cooperativism, and network labor.

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