Thèse--Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Jesus J. Ranieri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_CarolinaCristina_M.pdf: 9345032 bytes, checksum: cc252f5b85bd38d32df8c9ec83f9c3a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação estuda a teoria valor-trabalho na obra Miséria da Filosofia de Karl Marx. Escrita em 1847, dentro de um efervescente contexto político, esse texto traz elementos que permitem ao autor, ainda de maneira incipiente. apresentar uma crítica à teoria valor-trabalho elaborada pelos economistas clássicos e, concomitantemente, apontar um desenho inicial da sua teoria do valor-trabalho. Esses elementos são: uma análise da realidade a partir de uma visão materialista da história, na qual se evidencia a interação entre o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas e as relações de produção; um debate com os socialistas da época, especialmente Proudhon, destacando o problema de ocorrer dentro do modo de produção capitalista a troca de quantidades iguais de trabalho; e uma sistematização dos estudos econômicos na qual a teoria do valor-trabalho é "admitida" como a mediação necessária para o entendimento da origem da acumulação de riqueza, apesar do autor ainda se encontrar longe da descoberta da mais-valia / Abstract: This dissertation deals with Marx's labour-value theory in his Misery of Philosophy. Written in 1847 in a boisterous political context this text brings elements that make possible for the author to present a yet inchoate criticism to the theory of labour-value elaborated by the classical economists, and to indicate an initial outline of his theory of labour-value. These elements are: an analysis of reality from a materialistic view of history, wherein the interaction between the development of productive forces and productive relations are evinced; a debate with the socialists of his time, particularly Proudhon, pinpointing the problem of exchange of equal quantities of labour to occur in the capitalist mode ofproduction; and a systematization ofthe economic studies, where the theory of labour-value is "taken for granted" as the necessary mediation for the understanding of the origin of accumulation of wealth, notwithstanding the author is still far from discovering the conception of surplus-value / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Alcides Hector Rodriguez Benoit / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sobral_FabioMaia_D.pdf: 743243 bytes, checksum: a8598ae1636e2bea3cbadcd97c075b78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Apresentamos a obra Grundrisse de Marx, escrita em 1857-1858, como um ¿Manifesto Social¿ que expõe os pontos programáticos a serem implementados por uma sociedade que substituísse o modo de produção capitalista, o comunismo. Os Grundrisse seriam um programa elaborado por Marx para orientar a luta da classe operária como programa da revolução. Marx esperava que a crise financeira de 1857 se transformasse em crise mundial, o que poderia fazer com que estourasse uma revolução, assim como ocorrera em 1848. Os Grundrisse desempenhariam uma tarefa tríplice: crítica ao socialismo proudhonista, que buscava reformar o mercado para eliminar a exploração; análise dos fundamentos do sistema capitalista, de seus pilares de sustentação; proposição dos elementos constitutivos da sociedade comunista. Para realizar estas tarefas, Marx analisa ainda o funcionamento das sociedades anteriores ao domínio do capital. Apresentamos no primeiro capítulo as análises de Roman Rosdolsky e Antonio Negri sobre o papel desempenhado pelos Grundrisse. Rosdolsky defende a concepção de que esta obra é um caminho em direção a O Capital, algo que seria demonstrado pelos planos de Marx para a criação de sua obra. Negri compreende os Grundrisse como obra de antagonismo e combate ao capitalismo. Afirmamos que os Grundrisse são um programa para a revolução e que não está além ou aquém d¿O Capital, sendo apenas distinto na linguagem por estarem em épocas diferentes da luta revolucionária; aqueles teriam uma linguagem de manifesto social para o combate, já este seria a demonstração científica ¿ na concepção de nova ciência em Marx ¿ da crítica da economia política. Aqui, demonstramos ainda que Marx dedica atenção especial à luta contra os princípios oportunistas do proudhonismo, que buscavam manter a sociedade da mercadoria e do mercado. No segundo capítulo expomos o método dialético de Marx desenvolvido na ¿Introdução¿ de 1857, texto suprimido por Marx, mas que, afirmava ele, expunha as conclusões de sua ciência. No terceiro capítulo expomos os princípios das sociedades anteriores ao capitalismo, os ¿princípios do passado¿, os seus fundamentos, em um jogo dialético de positivo e negativo, entre o que deveria ser aproveitado pelo comunismo e o que deveria ser evitado. No quarto e quinto capítulos expomos os ¿princípios do presente¿, da sociedade dominada pelo capital, através das categorias dinheiro (quarto capítulo). Apresentamos nestes os fundamentos a serem extirpados pela luta da classe operária, os elementos que definem a especificidade da sociedade capitalista. Por fim, no quinto capítulo apresentamos os ¿princípios do futuro¿, o programa da revolução para a construção da sociedade comunista. Este é o ponto central de nosso trabalho: tentar provar que Marx busca dar orientações às lutas da classe operária para que ela possa erradicar a sociedade capitalista, e tal erradicação somente poderia ser efetivada com um programa correto e que destruísse os fundamentos sociais e econômicos da sociedade de mercado. Os Grundrisse, ao realizarem tal papel, se tornariam um manifesto à revolução, um novo manifesto comunista, um ¿manifesto social¿ por uma sociedade do futuro. / Abstract: We present the work of Marx intituled Grundrisse, written in 1857-1858, as a "Social Manifesto" which sets out the points of a programme to be implemented by a society to replace the capitalist mode of production, the communism. The Grundrisse would be a programme drawn up by Marx to guide the struggle of the working class as a program of the revolution. Marx hoped that the financial crisis of 1857 to become a world crisis, which could make it brings a revolution, as occurred in 1848. The Grundrisse would a triple task: criticism of proudhonist socialism, which sought to reform the market to eliminate the exploitation; analysis of the foundations of the capitalist system, its pillars of support; proposition of the constituent elements of communist society. To perform these tasks, Marx also examines the functioning of societies before domination of the capital. We present the analysis in the first chapter of Roman Rosdolsky and Antonio Negri on the role played by Grundrisse. Rosdolsky defends the idea that this work is a path towards The Capital, something that would be shown by the plans of Marx for the creation of his work. Negri comprises the Grundrisse as work of antagonism and anti-capitalism. We affirm that the Grundrisse is a program for the revolution and is not above or below The Capital, and only because they are distinct in language at different times of revolutionary struggle, and those would have a language of social manifesto for the fight, because this would be the scientific demonstration - in the design of new science in Marx - of criticism of political economy. Here, we demonstrate that Marx still devotes special attention to the fight against the principles of opportunistic proudhonism, who sought to keep the society's commodity and market. The second chapter expose the dialectic method of Marx developed at the "Introduction" of 1857, deleted text by Marx, but, he said, explained the foundations of their science. In the third chapter expose the principles of the societies prior to capitalism, the "principles of the past", their foundations, in a game dialectic of positive and negative, between what should be maintained by communism and what should be avoided. In the fourth and fifth chapters expose the "principles of the present", society dominated by capital, by category of money (the fourth chapter). We present these to be extirpated the reasons for the struggle of working class, the elements that define the specific nature of capitalist society. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the "principles of the future," the program of the revolution for the construction of communist society. This is the focus of our work: trying to prove that Marx seeks to give guidance to the struggles of the working class so that it can eradicate the capitalist society, and that eradication could only be effected with a correct program and that destroy the foundations of social and economic society of the market. The Grundrisse, in performing this role, would become a manifesto for revolution, a new communist manifesto a "social manifesto" by a society of the future. / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

Nous avons analysé les articles de Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau publiés dans le Courrier des États-Unis de New York (1828-1938) pendant la décennie 1840. Le journal rejoignait de nombreuses communautés francophones dispersées dans les Amériques. Chauveau est le seul Canadien français à y collaborer au milieu du XIXe siècle et se révèle un correspondant étranger particulièrement prolifique. Afin de comprendre les poétiques d’écriture du correspondant canadien, nous avons comparé ses articles avec ceux des autres correspondants, principalement parisiens. Nous avons observé que les correspondances, autant celles de Chauveau que celles de ses collègues d’outre-mer, répondent aux mêmes logiques d’écriture que les autres genres journalistiques de l’époque, en particulier la chronique; aussi conservent-elles des traces d’un fort héritage épistolaire. De surcroît, pour pallier le manque de balises dans la manière d’écrire le journal, les correspondants convoquent des formes « canoniques et livresques » : l’influence de la matrice littéraire est tangible. L’étude du contenu des correspondances de Chauveau révèle qu’il utilise sa tribune dans l’espoir de désenclaver sa nation afin de l’arrimer au reste des Français d’Amérique. Pour y parvenir, il exalte la nostalgie pour la Nouvelle-France en misant sur l’identité de « Français d’autrefois » du Canadien, critique de manière récurrente l’opposant commun, l’Angleterre, et fait ressortir les multiples impacts du pouvoir de la religion catholique, rappelant ainsi la France prérévolutionnaire. / We analyzed Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau’s foreign correspondences published in the Courrier des États- Unis (1828-1938) between 1840 and 1850. The newspaper was produced in New York and reached many French-speaking communities scattered throughout the Americas. Chauveau was the Courrier’s only French- Canadian correspondent and one of the most prolific among his colleagues. In order to unveil the various influences associated to his writing, we compared his articles with the ones that his Parisian colleagues produced. We observed that more important journalistic genres of the era such as the editorial had a significant impact on their writing. Their articles also contain strong literary and epistolary influences. We dedicated the most crucial part of our study to the analysis of Chauveau’s articles. We discovered that his articles are a means to convince his readers that French Canadians should be perceived as a legitimate part of French America. In order to do so, Chauveau exacerbated the nostalgy for New France. He also tried to prove that French Canadians are actually pre-revolutionary French citizens, namely by highlighting the extent of the Catholic Church’s powers. Moreover, by constantly criticizing a common opponent, England, Chauveau aspired to strengthen his readers’ sympathy for his nation

In addition to his renowned musical output, Richard Wagner produced a logorrhoeic prose oeuvre, including a dramatic sketch of the last weeks of the life of Jesus Christ entitled Jesus von Nazareth. Though drafted in 1848-1849, it was published only posthumously, and has therefore been somewhat neglected in the otherwise voluminous Wagnerian literature. This thesis first examines the origins of Jesus von Nazareth amidst the climate of revolution wherein it was conceived, ascertaining its place within Wagner’s own internal development and amongst the radical thinkers who influenced it. While Ludwig Feuerbach has traditionally been seen as the most prominent of these, this thesis examines Wagner’s sources more broadly. The thesis then summarizes and analyzes Jesus von Nazareth itself, particularly in terms of Wagner’s use of biblical scripture. The thesis demonstrates how his not infrequent misuse thereof constitutes one way in which Wagner transmogrifies Jesus as mutable lens through which his own ideology of social revolution is reflected. It also attempts to provide a critical assessment of the relative dramatic merits of Jesus von Nazareth and looks into Wagner’s ultimate decision not to complete the work. The thesis then briefly summarizes the changes that occurred in Wagner’s mature Christological outlook subsequent to his drafting of Jesus von Nazareth, attempting to concisely demonstrate some developments beyond Wagner’s well-known encounter with the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of how Jesus von Nazareth informed Wagner’s general religious outlook and the extent to which this worldview is a productive one.