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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Pilot Studies for In Vivo Bone Aluminum Measurements

Palerme, Stephanie 08 1900 (has links)
Excess aluminum has been linked to such diseases as dialysis encephalopathy syndrome and osteodystrophy, in renal dialysis patients. Though the causality relation has not yet been confirmed, aluminum has also been associated with Alzheimer's disease. Aluminum is thought to be stored in bones, and a measure of its deposition should correlate with its total bioaccumulation. To date, only bone biopsies and desferrioxamine tests are available for such measurements. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been studied as a non-invasive technique for measuring bone aluminum. Two neutron beam ports from the McMaster nuclear reactor and the KN accelerator have been compared as possible thermal neutron sources. Resin-based phantoms, physiologically resembling a hand, were irradiated using the reactor based neutron source. From the results, a minimum detection limit (MDL) of aluminum in bone was obtained. An Andersson-Braun remmeter measured the dose delivered to the phantoms, due to the radiation exposure. The hand dose equivalent combined with the MDL, in this study, are compared to the results of previous NAA studies. The goal of this study is to measure low aluminum stores In Vivo, while delivering a low dose with respect to natural background levels. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
22

Rescheduling of Airline Pilot Training Activities Following Disruptions

Beskow, Gregory John 20 June 2001 (has links)
Public dependence on air transportation has grown to its largest point in history. Along with this increased dependence is a heightened awareness of safety concerns and the need for pilots to cover all scheduled flights. All commercial pilots are certified for the particular aircraft they are flying by satisfactorily completing a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved course. During the training course, a number of training devices are used including a Full Flight Simulator (FFS) and a Flight Training Device (FTD). The procurement, installation, operation, and maintenance costs of these devices are expensive. In addition, the amount of time pilots spend in training is costly because they continue to be paid their salary rate although they are unable to fly revenue-generating flights for the airline. Due to these high costs, training is scheduled very tightly, with the goals of maximizing training device utilization and minimizing the pilot's training footprint (time spent in training). Any disruption to the tight schedule, such as a simulator breakdown, or pilot illness, renders the original schedule obsolete and demands rescheduling of activities. In this research, the rescheduling problem is investigated through the development and application of several different rescheduling approaches. The problem is decomposed by first investigating a single resource model and insights gained from this experimentation are transferred to the multiple resource model. The solution approaches developed for experimentation include: right-shift rescheduling (RSR), rescheduling of affected activities (RAFF), and rescheduling of all activities (RALL). Performance measures used to compare the various approaches include the minimization of the pilot footprint, the minimization of pilot tardiness, and the minimization of the deviation that a revised schedule has from the original schedule. A case study and a series of experiments involving random disruptions to original schedules were used to analyze the solution approaches. For the data sets analyzed, the RAFF algorithm outperformed other methods with respect to the majority of the measure collected. Analysis performed on the amount of slack in the original schedule revealed that diminishing returns were observed beyond a certain level of slack. Further analysis on the impact of the location of this slack showed that the majority of the slack should be placed at the end of the schedule, or the slack should be dispersed almost evenly over the entire schedule. / Master of Science
23

A Study to Determine Democratic Practices in the Pilot Point, Texas, High School

Wailing, Bessie January 1950 (has links)
The purpose of this investigation was to reveal certain strong and weak points in the school's program, so that corrective measures might be administered for the betterment of the pupils, the staff, and the community in general.
24

Student Pilot Aptitude as an Indicator of Success in a Part 141 Collegiate Flight Training Program

McFarland, Maureen R. 05 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
25

How Jane Austen fixed everything : an examination of a television pilot from idea to second draft

Warner, Teresa Rose 02 October 2014 (has links)
This report covers the development of the pilot episode and show bible of How Jane Austen Ruined My Life. It covers the moment the writer conceived of the idea to the completion of the second draft and finally the planning of the third draft. Furthermore, this report will cover the writer's growth, detailing the two years spent at the University of Texas and how that time molded her into the writer she is today. / text
26

The development of a rating scale to measure the situation awareness of student civil pilots

Dennehy, Kathryn Elizabeth January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
27

Eskortbogsering : ökad säkerhet eller bara bekymmer?

Åkesson, Christopher, Starborg, Rasmus January 2016 (has links)
Denna uppsats handlar om eskortbogsering och hur lotsars inställning är till att använda sig av detta. Den metod som använts är kvalitativ och ansatsen hypotetiskt deduktiv. Utifrån intervjuerna med lotsar som genomfördes i Göteborgs hamn märktes generellt att lotsarna är positivt inställda till att använda sig av eskortbogsering även om deras åsikter i vissa fall går isär om vilka fartyg som reglerna skall omfatta. I uppsatsen görs även jämförelser med en tidigare amerikansk studie gjord på området Puget Sound, som sedan används som underlag för Göteborgs hamn och Västkusten.  Slutsatsen är att lotsarnas inställning till användning av eskortbogseringen kommer säkert att vara densamma med tanke på att sjöfarten som bransch växer och transporterna världen över ökar. Det kan antas att kraven på säkerhet kommer att höjas. I detta fall kan det betyda att fler hamnar kan komma att ta efter Göteborg när det gäller krav och regler angående eskortbogsering. / This paper deals with escort towing and the pilots’ attitudes towards the usage of this. The method used is qualitative and the approach is hypothetico-deductive.  Results from the interviews conducted with pilots in Gothenburg harbor gave an impression that, in general, the pilots favored the use of escort towing although their opinions sometimes differed on what type of ships should be included and excluded by escort regulations. To further the study, a comparison has been made to an earlier American report on the Puget Sound area by using it as a basis for the Port of Gothenburg and the West Coast. The conclusion is that the pilots' attitudes towards escort towing will surely be the same given that the shipping industry is growing as well as transportation worldwide is increasing. With this in mind, it can be assumed that the requirements of safety will increase. In this case, it is believed that more ports may take after Gothenburg in terms of requirements and rules regarding escort towing.
28

Biomass gasification in a pilot-scale system

Shi, Yunye 01 May 2016 (has links)
Biomass is a renewable, carbon-neutral resource that produces minimal pollution when used to generate electricity, fuel vehicles, and provide heat for industry. Every year in Iowa, millions of bushels of treated seed corn go unused, and are wasted (sent to the landfill). Old treated seed corn goes unplanted because of low germination rates, but it goes unused because of the toxicity associated with the pesticides and fungicides applied to it. If the toxic additives could be destroyed through gasification with a long, high-temperature residence time, the producer gas from treated seed corn could then be used as a fuel source in regular power plants. The temperature and reactivity required to destroy these chemicals is best achieved in a reactive bed, like one formed by carbon char. This makes a char producing combustion system an ideal candidate for this type of fuel. In this work, a char-producing downdraft gasification system is used to examine system behavior for seed corn fuel. The system is pilot-scale and the producer gas is of primary interest for power production. Both experiments and numerical simulations are carried out and a range of parameters are examined, including the thermal profile, equivalence ratio, bed depth, and producer gas composition. A second downdraft gasifier, with two-stage gasification, is also studied to compare the systems’ behaviors. From these results, a 1-d hybrid model was developed and utilized to predict optimal gas production in these systems. Results show that above the minimal char bed level, higher equivalence ratio (ER) value results in a higher combustion zone temperature and a higher gas yield while leading to a lower CO concentration in the producer gas. Bed height consumes more heat in the combustion zone which brings about a lower combustion zone temperature. In general, ER plays a more dominating role in determining gas yield and combustion zone temperature. The two-stage system, which expands the combustion zone, effectively increases carbon conversion rate and hence generates a producer gas with high cold gas efficiency, although this makes maintaining sufficient char depth difficult.
29

Cognitive-model-driven pilot attention for commercial airline scenarios

Cover, Mathew Brian 01 December 2018 (has links)
Bringing airline pilots to remote locations for evaluation of new software/hardware tools and procedures is an expensive process in terms of both money and time. Estimating the design and outcome of a study to evaluate these new tools can be tricky as there are many new variables for which there is little to no data. However, sometimes even after careful vetting of scenarios in the simulator prior to bringing subject-matter experts into the simulation facility, few to no metrics of statistical significance can be found. While it may be valid that there are no metrics of statistical significance, it is perhaps a missed opportunity to take advantage of the precious time and resources of having a subject-matter expert at the research facility. The research presented in this paper has developed a software tool for simulating a pilot’s visual perception of working in various configurations of cockpits. This may provide researchers insight into what types of scenarios and tactics would be of interest to use with real subject-matter experts. In other words, this should help identify the best use of resources to take advantage of having pilots at the facility and avoid scenarios/procedures that don’t generate data of interest. Another useful possibility with this tool is identifying cockpits that may be inefficiently designed. Instruments that should be grouped together can be easily identified by analyzing the eye-scan pattern of the model with different cockpit-configuration files. The results that this new software-evaluation tool provides have implications for several different evaluations beyond estimating pilot reactions.
30

引水制度相關法律問題研究 / Law Problem of Pilotage

廖頌熙, Liau, Song-Si Unknown Date (has links)
論文摘要 引水制度之設置,以船舶被順利領航為目的。順利領航的情形,可稱為引水制度之正態面,發生意外的情形,可稱為引水制度之反態面。正態面所要討論的,即船舶所有人和引水人間之權利義務關係。反態面所要討論的,即發生意外時,參與引水行為相關人之責任,本文稱之為引水責任。本論文則依引水制度之正反態面討論,將重點摘要如下: 1. 引水概說 在討論引水制度在正反態面之前,本論文先對引水和引水人作一概述。首先,就引水和引水人之意義,雖引水法已有立法解釋,但本文認為該解釋僅止於表面上的描敘,故本文綜合學說上引水之意義及參考引水人在船舶上之地位,認為引水係指對船舶航行之指揮或建議。引水人則係不屬於船舶但引導船舶航行之人。並以引水安全及引水效率為引水法之兩大目的。 引水制度,依引水法第五條第一項規定:「交通部基於航道及航行之安全,對引水制度之施行,分強制引水與自由引水兩種。」但本文經過比較分析後,認為所謂自由引水制度效力僅有二點:第一,主管機關要配置一定的引水人,以備船長的申請引水;第二,受申請的引水人不得拒絕招請。而惟有強制引水制方能達成引水法之立法目的,故強制引水制實係引水制度之核心。在討論引水制度獨占制和自由競爭制之利弊上,有認為引水制度應採獨占制者,其理由主要有三點,即獨占制較有利於引水業務之管理、投資和保障引水安全,但僅有最後一點應加以考慮,故雖長期仍應以自由競爭為目標,但短期以獨占制為前提,顧及引水安全之下,仍可以實施某些競爭機制,如指定制和長期僱用制,來增進引水服務之品質。最後討論我國是否採獨占制?就公平交易委員會所作為相關決議反面觀察,應肯定之。 在我國引水史部分,先簡述我國引水權之喪失與收回的過程,再就我國引水史上各港引水制度之特色加以介紹,其中不乏有與引水法律問題相關者,足供參考。如青島港引水業務的儲金制度可作為引水人有限責任擔保之參考,上海港的自由引水,長江各段之長期僱用引水人等。 引水人辦事處之型態,本身並無法人格,不得享有權利負擔義務。實際上,應僅視為各引水人之聯合事務所,故無從發出要約承諾等意思表示,不能充分發揮營業主體之功能。且如欲加強引水人共同公約之效力,則惟有將引水人辦事處改制為依人民團體成立之職業團體,方為適途。 2. 船舶所有人和引水人間之權利義務關係 就引水制度之正態面觀察,首先關於引水契約的意義。本論文作如下定義:引水契約者,乃當事人約定,由引水人一方提供服務,船舶所有人一方支付報酬所作成之雙務、有償、諾成和不要式契約。其中較值得討論的是要式契約的問題,而由學理、日本學者意見和本國法律之相關規定等三點檢討的結果可知,儘管引水契約的成立似乎有照一定的方式,然而該未履行該方式,無論是從學理、日本學者意見或我國法律之相關規定,都不足以害及契約的成立。是故,引水契約應為不要式契約。 其次,關於引水契約的性質,有僱傭契約說、承攬契約說、委任契約說和獨立之特別契約說。僱傭契約說以僱用人之指揮命令權,為僱傭契約之特色,與引水人在引領船舶過程中所處之地位,相去甚遠。至於承攬契約說,則因引水人業務上過失所產生之侵權行為,原則上須由引水人負責。此點與一九一0年船舶碰撞統一規定公約和排除「強制引水之抗辯」之世界各國立法意旨相違。而獨立之特別契約說之學理討論則顯然過於保留。對引水契約之性質幾乎等於未作說明,實係該說之重大缺點。故僅有委任契約說較為可採。 另關於引水契約締結,在強制締結方面,因引水具備公益性,故有採行強制引水之理由。然在特定情況下,船舶所有人和引水人均得拒絕與特定引水人締結引水契約,引水人拒絕締約的理由,可參考日本引水約款之規定,但內容則仍應以引水法之立法目的──引水安全和引水效率來衡量。在締約過程方面,從共同引水和引水人拒絕引水之條件來看,船舶所有人或船長所發出之引水申請僅為要約之引誘,而直到引水人上船,了解一切情況後,方向船舶所有人或船長發出要約,此時船舶所有人或船長加以承諾,方締結成立引水契約。 關於共同引水,從引水法之立法目的和各國的實務觀察,可知共同引水之必要性。而從學理和法律規定來看,共同引水之決定權,應係由航政主管機關決定。 關於指定引水,其優點有二,第一,特定引水人一再受指定對特定船舶引水後,因引領該類船舶之技術較熟練,對引水安全與效率有所提升,符合引水法之立法目的。第二,藉由指定制,使船舶所有人得以挑選引水人,如受指定之引水人因而能提高收入,則能鼓勵引水人競爭,提高服務品質。要達成上述兩點目的,共通點似乎即在於加收指定引水人之費用。又指定引水在私法上固應受允許,然在引水法目的之要求下,則將不得不受限制。而在我國,因引水費之加收不易,指定引水之優點,難以完全發揮。 最後,關於當事人之其他義務,除條文已可明顯看出部分外,就引水費之性質方面,有二點值得提出。首先,引水費之收取為優先權之項目,但在順序上,則依不同考量而有所變動。其次,即引水費將因平時或危險時之支出而不同,後者之情況,將成為共同海損之內容。 3. 引水民事責任 本論文以下係討論引水制度之反態面,但因其內容十分龐大,故分成兩部分,先討論引水民事責任,再討論引水刑事、行政責任。 首先,在船舶所有人責任方面,引水過程中發生貨載損害,依海商法第六十九條第一款規定船舶所有人是免責的,表面理由似乎是因為船舶所有人對船長、海員或引水人的選任監督困難,但在船舶碰撞時,同樣對船長、海員或引水人的選任監督困難,然結果卻係由船舶所有人負責。兩者相比較之下即可知,海商法第六十九條第一款的規定並非因船舶所有人對船長、海員或引水人的選任監督困難,真正理由應係「發達航運」,即將貨載損害由託運人自行負擔,以減輕船舶所有人負擔;而在船舶碰撞時,如仍讓船舶所有人免責,則並不能讓船舶所有人減輕負擔,因受損害的仍是船舶所有人,如此一來,不如回復過失責任主義的原則,故海商法第九十五條至第九十七條的規定,即係符合過失責任主義而作成。 另外,就海商法第九十八條的規定而言,一樣是船舶所有人對其選任監督困難的引水人,其發生過失所致之船舶碰撞損害,船舶所有人卻不得因而免責,並且不能舉證已盡選任監督而免責,這惟一的解釋也是為了發達航運,蓋如船舶所有人得以免責,第一,船舶所有人對於船舶碰撞損害,除自己船舶的損害外,他人船舶的損害並不放在心上,故將只投保自己船舶的船體險,而對他人船舶的損害完全沒有責任,也就是對該部分損害不用投保,如此則小船舊船橫行,因其船舶所有人即令發生船舶碰撞,損失也小;而大船新船則航行的心驚膽顫,因其船舶所有人損失極大,且無法自造成船舶碰撞的他船船舶所有人獲得賠償,即令是他船的過失亦同,如此一來造成劣幣驅逐良幣的作用,不利於發達航運。第二,如船舶所有人得以免責,則直接的賠償責任往往落在船長、海員或引水人身上,則船長、海員或引水人將因海事損害過於龐大而動輒破產,且他們也因無力負擔任何保險費用以分散風險,如此將無任何海上運送的履行輔助人能安心地從事海上運送,一樣不利於發達航運。故海商法第九十八條的規定方不得不訂立船舶所有人當然負責的規定。 另外,上述情形,即令在強制引水的情況下,大部分國家亦不接受船舶所有人主張「強制引水的抗辯」,除上述原因外,還為了保障受害人能受到救濟,且在企業責任理論下,由船舶所有人負責,亦甚妥當。 從而,在船長和海員方面,從上述觀點思考,船長和海員責任至少亦應同樣享有船舶所有人所能享有之免責或限制責任。但是受限於法律規定和實務見解,船長和海員即令是以契約方式以援引法定免責事由,也並未能享有免責或限制責任。民國八十八年修正後之海商法第七十六條雖已改善了船長和海員關於海上運送之損害賠償之地位,然就船舶碰撞之損害賠償方面仍未改變。 在船舶碰撞的情況,雖然海商法已賦予被害人向船舶所有人求償的權利,但被害人亦能依侵權行為規定,直接向船長和海員求償;甚至船舶所有人依海商法規定向被害人賠償後,亦得再引用海商法第五條,依不真正連帶債務理論向船長和海員行使求償權。如此一來,使船長和海員的地位更趨於不利。 然而,引水人的地位,從兩種途徑,可巧妙地享有了上述應得的地位: 第一,即認定引水過程中,船舶仍由船長指揮,引水人僅居於顧問之地位,故因引水人之過失所造成之損害,仍由船長或船舶所有人負擔。即引水人在船上之地位,不採航行指揮說,而採航行顧問說,其理由有因船長被任命的信賴關係,被害人求償的條件,公共秩序和船長指揮權的尊嚴等三項理由。另外,我國船員法第五十八條第一項和引水法第三十二條亦支持航行顧問說,是故即令引水時發生船舶碰撞時,船舶仍係由船長指揮,故引水人可不直接對被害人負賠償責任。惟須注意者,這個答案僅表示引水人不直接對船舶所有人以外受損害的第三者負責,但如引水人的勸告真有過失,其對船舶所有人仍不免於契約責任,蓋引水人並未善盡其作為航行顧問的責任。 第二,引水人在引水契約中訂立免責約款。其內容包括船舶所有人和船長不對引水人主張賠償,並在引水人所收取引水費之範圍外,代其向第三人賠償,但此並不損及法律賦予船舶所有人所能主張對第三人的限制責任為限。且對於引水人因故意或重大過失所引起的個人責任,不適用之。上述免責條款,從前述船舶所有人之履行輔助所應享有的地位、民法的規定、外國立法例及海商法修正草案等四方面觀察,其正當性應受肯定。但本文認為,最根本之方法,仍應由修法或立法之方式賦予船長、海員及引水人等船舶所有人之履行輔助人相關之免責及有限責任,方為適論。 另外,航政主管機關僅因對拖船之僱用人地位,對外負民事責任,實務上亦加以肯定。至於對引水人之過失,則因非其僱用人,故不負民事責任,然英國對此則有相關規定,足為例證。 4. 引水刑事責任、行政責任 在引水刑事責任方面,引水人過失致死、致輕傷、致重傷罪之必要性與正當性皆不足,在必要性方面,該等規定與刑法比較,僅是受規範的行為主體範圍縮小和刑罰種類減少,至於其他構成要件則完全一樣,實無重複規定的必要,甚至在刑罰種類減少之下,還會造成限制法官的裁量權,和可能產生短期自由刑的弊病。在正當性方面,為專門職業技術人員所設的附屬刑法,國內外皆屬罕見。故該等規定應考慮刪除。惟須注意者,刪除該規定並非該等行為除罪化,蓋該行為仍受刑法相關規定規範。 引水人過失致船舶破壞罪和引水人過失致船舶沈沒罪與刑法類似規定比較之下,得知係為確保引水安全和引水效率的公益所規定,故在構成要件上,應加上「足以影響引水安全與效率」。又其告訴乃論的設計,從法益的性質、被害人的處境和犯罪追訴的公共利益三點觀察,皆有不當之處,宜考慮刪除,轉由維護公益的檢察官決定是否追訴犯罪為宜。故本文建議引水法第三十六條宜修正為:「引水人因業務上之過失,致其領航之船舶沉沒,足以影響航道暢通者,處三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或科新臺幣三萬元以下罰金;致破壞者,處一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或科新臺幣三萬元以下罰金。」並刪去告訴乃論的規定。 在引水行政責任方面,就行政罰方面,因行為主體的限制,將可能造成行為主體認定的混亂和規範圍不全,故以刪去行為主體的限制為宜。而與行政罰事項之缺漏部分,與日本引水法行政罰比較之下,宜增加日本引水法行政罰中我國缺乏的部分,本文建議修法如下: 引水法第三十九條:「有左列各款情事之一者,處新臺幣六千元以上六萬元以下罰鍰: 一、違反第十六條之規定者。 二、違反第十八條或第二十六條之規定者。 三、違反第十七條、第二十條或第二十五條之規定者。 四、無正當理由拒絕招請,或已應招請而不領航,或已領航而濫收引水費者。 五、無正當理由拒用引水人,或拒絕攜帶學習引水人上船,或強迫引水人逾越引水區域執行業務者。 六、關於船舶之吃水或載重,對於引水人作不實之報告者。 七、僱用業經撤銷執業證書或停止執業或不合格之引水人領航船舶者。 八、無意招請引水人而縣掛招請引水人信號、或懸掛易被誤為招請引水人號者。 九、非引水人執行引水業務。 十、遭收回執業證書之引水人仍繼續執業者。 十一、未經船長許可攜帶二名以上學習引水人者。 代理人或代表人未按核定之引水費支付或受領者,本人或法人依同刑科罰之。」 另外,關於行政罰和懲戒罰重複處罰的問題,第一,重複處罰的內容僅為警告和罰鍰,並未過重;第二,行政罰之處罰程序也未必有對懲戒罰特別地納入考量,衡量之下,應可容許併罰,併對實務樹立法紀有益。 在懲戒罰方面,在懲戒程序上,參考韓國引水法和我國其他專門職業人員懲戒相關規定,應在懲戒前給引水人申訴意見的機會,懲戒後給引水人救濟的機會。 在懲戒機關組織上,則宜設立引水人懲戒委員會處理引水人之懲戒事項。短期內則可暫由海事審議委員會審理。 在懲戒事項上,可考慮精簡懲戒事項,以使條文更為精簡捷潔。另外就關於引水人撤銷執照之規定,引水法之規定內容並不明確,顯為缺憾。宜於下次修法時列入。 5. 總結 本論文最後,有幾點心得,願提出作為本論文之總結。 一.以引水法之兩大立法目的作為討論引水制度問題之核心 引水法之作用即在設置引水制度,其係以船舶被順利領航為目的。何謂「順利領航」?即領航得又快又安全。亦即確保船舶交通安全與增進船舶運航效率,本文簡稱為引水安全和引水效率。此兩點即為引水法之兩大立法目的。 是故本文在解決引水制度所遭之問題時,都會考量各解決方法,並以引水安全和引水效率此兩大立法目的來衡量各解決方法之利弊得失。此點在引水人拒絕締約理由的衡量、共同引水之必要性、指定引水人之利弊等等,本論文都有使用到。是故引水安全和引水效率此兩大立法目的在將來面臨引水制度之其他問題時,均應特別加以考量。 二.以對解決問題之助益大小來衡量是否要加以討論或採納 在討論引水制度之各種理論和觀點時,本論文均注意對解決問題有無幫助。故本文在引水人之性質和種類方面,考量對解決問題之助益有限,故均著墨不深。另外,對引水契約之性質,也是基於對解決問題助益之考量,故不採獨立之特別契約說,而採委任契約說。上述種種,皆是基於此種觀點。 三.理論與實務相互參考印證 我們在看到某些實務上的作法時,有時會感到震驚與不平,但卻忽略了實務上能長久運作下來,必然是有某些因素在支撐。在探究這些因素後,方能回過頭來討論實務上的作法到底是利是弊。 對剛看到引水人免責約款的人來說,的確會感到震驚與不平,覺得引水人似乎佔盡便宜,但在深入探討海上運送之履行輔助人的地位後,方能理解引水人免責約款的內容和由來。當然這並非表示引水人免責約款毫無值得檢討之處,但至少決非毫無理由地讓引水人居於有利的地位。 另外,引水制度的獨占也是如此,它雖非完美無缺的良制,但也有其存在的理由,雖長期來看,應以自由競爭為目標,但短期內在以獨占為前提之下,以長期僱用制和指定制適度地加以修正,應該是可以考慮的方向。 目錄 第一章 前言/1 1.1 研究動機與目的/1 1.2 研究範圍和方法/2 1.3 論文結構/3 第二章 引水和引水人概說/5 2.1 緒言/5 2.2 引水概說/5 2.2.1 引水之意義/5 2.2.2 引水制度/6 2.2.3 我國引水史/11 2.3 引水人概說/15 2.3.1 引水人之意義/15 2.3.2 引水人之性質/16 2.3.3 引水人之種類/17 2.3.4 引水人辦事處/18 第三章 船舶所有人和引水人間之權利義務關係/21 3.1 緒言/21 3.2 引水契約的意義/22 3.3 引水契約的性質/25 3.3.1 探討契約性質的學理價值/25 3.3.2 僱傭契約說、承攬契約說、委任契約說和獨立之特別契約說/26 3.4 引水契約的締結/31 3.1.1 強制締約之考量/31 3.4.2 強制締約之效力/32 3.4.3 契約締結的過程/36 3.5 共同引水/39 3.5.1 共同引水之必要性/39 3.5.2 共同引水之決定權/41 3.6 引水人的指定/43 3.6.1 指定引水制之優點/44 3.6.2 指定引水制之學理問題/45 3.6.3 引水制在我國之可行性/46 3.7 引水契約當事人之其他義務/47 第四章 引水民事責任/53 4.1 緒言/53 4.2 船舶所有人之引水民事責任/54 4.2.1 船舶所有人之貨載毀損責任/54 4.2.2 船舶所有人之船舶碰撞責任/56 4.3 船長海員之引水民事責任/66 4.3.1 船長海員之貨載毀損責任/66 4.3.2 船長海員之船船碰撞責任/68 4.4 引水人之引水民事責任/73 4.4.1 航行指揮說及航行顧問說/75 4.4.2 免責約款/76 4.5 航政主管機關之引水民事責任/81 第五章 引水刑事責任及行政責任/85 5.1 引水刑事責任/85 5.1.1 緒言/85 5.1.2 引水人過失致死、致輕傷及致重傷罪/86 5.1.3 引水人過失致船舶破壞罪及致船舶沈沒罪/90 5.1.4 準引水人罪/95 5.2 引水行政責任/95 5.2.1 行政罰/96 5.2.2 懲戒罰/104 第六章 結論與建議/113 6.1 結論/113 6.1.1 引水和引水人方面/113 6.1.2 船舶所有人和引水人間之權利義務關係方面/115 6.1.3 引水民事責任方面/117 6.2 建議/121 6.2.1 引水人辦事處宜改制為引水人公會/121 6.2.2 修法充實「拒絕引水之正當理由」內容/121 6.2.3 修法賦予船長、海員和引水人限制責任和抗辯事由/122 6.2.4 刪除引水法第三十四、三十五條引水人過失致死、致輕傷及致重傷罪之規定/123 6.2.5 修正引水法第三十六條要件並刪除告訴乃論之規定/124 6.2.6 修正引水法第三十九條主體及行為要件之規定/124 6.2.7 設立引水人懲戒委員會/125 參考文獻/127 附錄一 引水法/135 附錄二 引水人管理規則/141 附錄三 中華民國、日本及香港引水制度比較表/147

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